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ABSTRACT: Automatic multi-level anger recognition in speech is an important factor to enhance user satisfaction for call centers. In this research, three emotional states, namely, neutral, low anger, and high anger of acted corpora with telephone quality are specified for emotion recognition. The corpora are collected from amateur actors and, thereafter, verified by the actors themselves. The emotion recognizer is implemented by using Back-propagation Network (BPN) with acoustic features of speech examples. Due to the variation of expression methods by different person, the feature values of the training examples used are too complex to make the BPN model convergent. To overcome the problem, a codified method is developed to simplify the feature values. With the codified inputs, the BPN model and a comparative Decision Tree C5.0 give quite satisfactory test performances for anger recognition. Therefore, they can be used as a part of a decision support system for proper applications in call centers.
Taiwan (R.O.C.). ;
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND In a meta-analysis, we investigated effects of β-blockers on central hemodynamic measurements and explored the impact of heart rate (HR) on central hemodynamics and the risk of stroke. METHODS We searched randomized controlled trials that compared β-blockers with other classes of antihypertensive drugs in reducing central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and augmentation index (cAI) and in preventing stroke. A random-effects model was used to compute pooled estimates. RESULTS In 9 trials (n = 754), β-blockers were less efficacious in reducing cAI than all the other classes of drugs (8.6%, P < 0.001). β-blockers were also less efficacious in reducing cSBP than angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (7.7mm Hg, P = 0.02) and angiotensin receptor blockers (3.6mm Hg, P = 0.005) but not the other classes of drugs (P ≥ 0.50). In a meta-regression analysis of these 9 trials, the baseline-adjusted difference in HR between randomized groups was associated with cAI (7.0% increase for each 10 bpm decrease in HR, P = 0.02), which was associated with cSBP (1.2mm Hg increase for each 1% increase in cAI, P = 0.009). In 5 outcome trials, the pooled OR of stroke was 1.23 (P < 0.001), which would be accounted for by the difference in cSBP derived from the above meta-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Slowing HR with β-blockers may increase cAI and in turn may decrease cSBP less than with other classes of drugs. This mechanism might account for a smaller reduction in the risk of stroke when using β-blockers to treat hypertension.
American Journal of Hypertension 01/2013; 26(1):118-25. · 3.18 Impact Factor
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Fifth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing, ICGEC 2011, Kinmen, Taiwan / Xiamen, China, August 29 - September 1, 2011; 01/2011
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ABSTRACT: The mediator is a large multiprotein complex vital for transcription regulation. Human Med19 is a critical subunit of the mediator complex and plays an important role in stabilizing the whole mediator. To understand the role and mechanism of Med19 in breast cancer, we carried out studies on the impacts of lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Med19 on breast cancer cells in vitro.
The expression of Med19 in breast cancer tissue was detected using immunohistochemical analysis. The impacts of lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Med19 on breast cancer cells were detected using flow cytometric, cell proliferation, BrdU incorporation, and colony formation assays.
The upregulated expression of Med19 was found in breast cancer tissues. Med19 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade (p = 0.026). The expression of Med19 was strongly suppressed in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells infected with lentiviruses delivering small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against Med19. The inhibition of Med19 elicited augmentation of G0/G1 phase proportion and significantly attenuated the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in vitro.
Med19 plays an important role in the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, which suggested that the lentiviruses delivering shRNA against Med19 could be a promising tool for breast cancer therapy.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 10/2010; 68(1):207-15. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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Dashiell Gantner,
Ji-Yong Ge, Li-Hua Li,
Nick Antic,
Sam Windler,
Keith Wong,
Emma Heeley,
Shao-Guang Huang,
Ping Cui,
Craig Anderson,
Ji-Guang Wang,
Doug McEvoy
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ABSTRACT: OSA is a common condition associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. It remains underdiagnosed globally in part due to the limited availability and technical requirements of polysomnography (PSG). The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of two simple methods for diagnosing OSA.
Consecutive subjects identified from a community register with high CV risk were invited to complete the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire and undergo simultaneous, home, overnight PSG and ApneaLink device oximetry and nasal pressure recordings. The relative accuracies of the Berlin Questionnaire, oximetry and nasal pressure results in diagnosing PSG-defined moderate-severe OSA were assessed.
Of 257 eligible high CV risk subjects enrolled, 190 completed sleep studies and 143 subjects' studies were of sufficient quality to include in final analyses. Moderate-severe OSA was confirmed in 43% of subjects. The Berlin Questionnaire had low overall diagnostic accuracy in this population. However, ApneaLink recordings of oximetry and nasal pressure areas had high diagnostic utility with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.933 and 0.933, respectively. At optimal diagnostic thresholds, oximetry and nasal pressure measurements had similar sensitivity (84% vs 86%) and specificity (84% vs 85%). Technical failure was lower for oximetry than nasal pressure (5.8% vs 18.9% of tests).
In patients with high CV risk overnight single-channel oximetry and nasal pressure measurements may provide high diagnostic accuracy and offer an accessible alternative to full PSG.
Respirology 08/2010; 15(6):952-60. · 2.42 Impact Factor
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24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, AINA 2010, Perth, Australia, 20-13 April 2010; 01/2010
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ABSTRACT: To construct chimerical DNA vaccine plasmid of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV11) L1-E7, and to evaluate its immunogenicity.
Molecular cloning techniques were used to construct recombinant plasmid pcDNA3 L1-E7 as a DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with DNA recombinants through muscle injection.IL-2 and gamma-INF secreted by immunized spleens lymphocyte and HPV 11 L1 or E7 specific antibodies were assayed by ELISA method. Spleens lymphocyte proliferation was measured by MTT assay.
The chimerical DNA plasmid of pcDNA3 L1-E7 was constructed correctly. Specific anti-HPV11 E7 and L1 antibodies, specific lymphocyte proliferation and secretions of IL-2 and gamma-INF were detected in vaccinated mice.
Specific immune response, including cellular immunity and humoral immunity, could been detected in mice vaccinated with chimerical DNA vaccine of pcDNA3 L1-E7.
Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology 06/2009; 23(3):182-4.
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Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication, ICUIMC 2009, Suwon, Korea, January 15-16, 2009; 01/2009
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ABSTRACT: To determine the influence of excision repair cross complementing group 1 (ERCC1) codon 118 polymorphism and mRNA level on the clinical outcome of gastric cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Eighty-nine gastric cancer patients treated with oxalipatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study. ERCC1 codon 118 C/T polymorphism was tested by polymerase chain reaction-ligation detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method in peripheral blood lymphocytes of those patients; and the intratumoral ERCC1 mRNA expression was measured using reverse transcription PCR in 62 patients whose tumor tissue specimens were available.
No significant relationship was found between ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism and ERCC1 mRNA level. The median relapse-free and overall survival period was 20.1 mo and 28.4 mo, respectively. The relapse-free and overall survivals in patients with low levels of ERCC1 mRNA were significantly longer than those in patients with high levels (P<0.05), while there was no significant association found between ERCC1 118 genotypes and the disease prognosis. Multivariate analysis also showed that ERCC1 mRNA level was a potential predictor for relapse and survival in gastric cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (P<0.05).
ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism has no significant impact on ERCC1 mRNA expression, and the intratumoral ERCC1 mRNA level but not codon 118 polymorphism may be a useful predictive parameter for the relapse and survival of gastric cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
World Journal of Gastroenterology 12/2008; 14(41):6401-7. · 2.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the automated Health & Life oscillometric upper arm blood pressure monitor HL868BA for home blood pressure monitoring according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for blood pressure measuring devices in adults.
Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were sequentially measured in 33 adult Chinese using a mercury sphygmomanometer (two observers) and the HL868BA device (one supervisor). Ninety-nine pairs of comparisons were obtained from 15 participants in phase 1 and further 18 participants in phase 2 of the validation study. Data analysis was performed using the ESHIP Analyzer.
The HL868BA device successfully passed phase 1 of the validation study with a number of absolute differences between device and observers within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg for at least 31/45, 42/45, and 44/45 measurements (required 25, 35, and 40, respectively), respectively. The device also achieved the targets for phase 2.1, with 68/99, 91/99, and 95/99 differences within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, respectively, for systolic blood pressure, and with 71/99, 88/99, and 94/99 within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, respectively, for diastolic blood pressure. In phase 2.2, 22 and 28 participants had at least two of the three device-observers differences within 5 mmHg (required > or = 22) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively.
The Health & Life upper arm blood pressure monitor HL868BA can be recommended for home use in adults.
Blood Pressure Monitoring 11/2008; 13(5):305-8. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate whether the ADRA2B D/I polymorphism is associated with anthropometric, metabolic, and blood pressure phenotypes in a Chinese population.
In 1306 participants enrolled in the JingNing population study, we measured anthropometry, blood pressure, plasma glucose, and serum lipids, and genotyped the ADRA2B D/I polymorphism. We defined overweight (BMI >or= 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI >or= 30 kg/m2) according to the WHO criteria.
Genotype frequencies of the ADRA2B D/I polymorphism were significantly (P=0.02) different between 228 (17.5%) overweight and obese participants and 1078 normal weight participants, but similar between 317 (24.3%) hypertensive participants and 989 normotensive participants. After adjustment for covariates, the ADRA2B DD compared with II homozygotes had significantly (P <or= 0.01) lower BMI (21.9 versus 22.5 kg/m2), waist-to-hip ratio (0.835 versus 0.847), and triceps skinfold thickness (1.18 versus 1.27 cm) and had a significantly lower risk of overweight and obesity (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.54, P=0.0001). Further analyses showed significant (P <or= 0.01) interaction between the ADRA2B D/I polymorphism and physical activity in relation to BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. In physically less active participants [energy expenditure <or=3386 kcal/day (median)], DD compared with II homozygotes had lower BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and risk of overweight and obesity by 0.6 kg/m2, 0.012 and 60.6%, respectively.
The ADRA2B D allele is associated with a favourable anthropometric and metabolic profile in Chinese population, especially in physically less active participants.
Journal of Hypertension 11/2008; 26(11):2161-7. · 4.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms with the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
One-hundred and sixteen patients with gastric cancer were treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The TS (a 28-bp tandem repeat polymorphism in the TS enhancer region (TSER) and a 6 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region) and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms were determined in blood samples from those patients using PCR and PCR-LDR (ligation detection reaction) method, respectively.
The overall survival (OS) in patients with the TS ins6/ins6 genotype was significantly shorter than those in patients with the del6/del6 (P = 0.017) and ins6/del6 (P = 0.022) genotype. The relapse-free survival (RFS) and OS in patients with the MTHFR C/C genotype were significantly worse than those in patients with the T/T or C/T genotype (P = 0.043 and 0.040, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis also showed that patients with the TS ins6/ins6 genotype have worse OS than patients with the T/T or C/T genotype (HR = 2.437, P = 0.041), and the MTHFR C/C genotype was associated with shorter RFS (HR = 1.723, P = 0.031) and OS (HR = 1.681, P = 0.056). No significant association was found between the TSER polymorphism and the clinical outcomes (P > 0.05).
The polymorphisms of TS 3'-UTR ins6/del6 and MTHFR C677T appear to be potential prognostic factors in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy, which may allow identification of gastric cancer patients who will benefit from 5-FU chemotherapy.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 08/2008; 63(5):911-8. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We reported previously that normotensive Chinese had higher nighttime diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared with non-Chinese. We, therefore, studied the prevalence and characteristics of isolated nocturnal hypertension and its association with arterial stiffness, an intermediate sign of target organ damage.
We recorded ambulatory BP, the central and peripheral systolic augmentation indexes, the ambulatory arterial stiffness index, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in 677 Chinese enrolled in the JingNing population study (53.6% women; mean age: 47.6 years).
The prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension (> or = 120/70 mmHg from 22 : 00 to 4 : 00 h) was 10.9%. Patients with isolated nocturnal hypertension, compared with participants with ambulatory normotension (45.8%), were older (53.7 vs. 40.7 years), more often reported alcohol intake (68.9 vs. 51.0%), and had faster nighttime pulse rate (62.8 vs. 60.7 bpm), higher serum cholesterol (5.12 vs. 4.77 mmol/l), and higher blood glucose (4.84 vs. 4.38 mmol/l). They also had higher indexes of arterial stiffness (P<0.05) than participants with ambulatory normotension. Of 74 patients with isolated nocturnal hypertension, only four (5.4%) had hypertension on conventional office BP measurement (> or = 140/90 mmHg).
Isolated nocturnal hypertension can only be diagnosed by ambulatory BP monitoring, is prevalent among Chinese, and is associated with increased arterial stiffness.
Blood Pressure Monitoring 06/2008; 13(3):157-9. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The polymorphism of p53 codon 72 (Arg72Pro) has been suggested to play an important role in many cancers and may influence the response to chemotherapy. Our aim was to investigate the association of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism with the clinical outcome of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
The p53 codon 72 genotype was determined in blood samples from 110 Chinese patients with gastric cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy, using polymerase chain reaction-ligation detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method.
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that gastric cancer patients with Pro/Pro genotype had shorter relapse-free survival (chi(2) = 10.632, P = 0.005) and overall survival (chi(2) = 7.104, P = 0.029) than patients with other genotypes. Cox multivariate analysis showed that Pro/Pro genotype was associated with statistically significant reduced relapse-free survival (adjusted OR = 3.049, 95% CI: 1.363-6.819, P = 0.007) and overall survival (adjusted OR = 2.581, 95% CI: 1.052-6.330, P = 0.038).
These results suggested that p53 codon 72 polymorphism appears to be an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 04/2008; 134(10):1129-34. · 2.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To study the effectiveness and mechanisms of anti- human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) hairpin ribozyme on angiogenesis, oncogenicity and tumor growth in a hepatocarcinoma cell line and a xenografted model.
The artificial anti-hVEGF hairpin ribozyme was transfected into hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7,721 and, subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to confirm the ribozyme gene integration and transcription. To determine the effects of ribozyme ,VEGF expression was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR and enzyme liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MTT assay was carried out to measure the cell proliferation. Furthermore,the transfected and control cells were inoculated into nude mice respectively, the growth of cells in nude mice and angiogenesis were observed.
VEGF expression was down-regulated sharply by ribozyme in transfected SMMC-7,721 cells and xenografted tumor. Compared to the control group, the transfected cells grew slower in cell cultures and xenografts, and the xenograft formation was delayed as well. In addition, the microvessel density of the xenografted tumor was obviously declined in the transfected group. As demonstrated by microscopy,reduction of VEGF production induced by ribozyme resulted in a significantly higher cell differentiation and less proliferation vigor in xenografted tumor.
Anti-hVEGF hairpin ribozyme can effectively inhibit VEGF expression and growth of hepatocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. VEGF is functionally related to cell proliferation, differentiation and tumori-genesis in hepatocarcinoma.
World Journal of Gastroenterology 01/2008; 13(47):6425-32. · 2.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We reported previously that normotensive Chinese had higher nighttime diastolic blood pressure compared with non-Chinese. We, therefore, studied the prevalence and characteristics of isolated nocturnal hypertension (HT) and its association with arterial stiffness, an intermediate sign of target organ damage. We recorded ambulatory blood pressure, the central and peripheral systolic augmentation indexes, the ambulatory arterial stiffness index, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in 677 Chinese enrolled in the JingNing population study (53.6% women; mean age: 47.6 years). Prevalence was 10.9% for isolated nocturnal HT (>or=120/70 mm Hg from 10:00 pm to 4:00 am), 4.9% for isolated daytime HT (>or=135/85 mm Hg from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm), and 38.4% for day-night HT. Patients with isolated nocturnal HT, compared with subjects with ambulatory normotension (45.8%), were older (53.7 versus 40.7 years), more often reported alcohol intake (68.9% versus 51.0%), had faster nighttime pulse rate (62.8 versus 60.7 bpm), had higher serum cholesterol (5.12 versus 4.77 mmol/L), and had higher blood glucose (4.84 versus 4.38 mmol/L). Similar to patients with isolated daytime HT or day-night HT, patients with isolated nocturnal HT had higher indexes of arterial stiffness (P<0.05) than subjects with ambulatory normotension (central augmentation index: 140% versus 134%; peripheral augmentation index: 82.6% versus 76.5%; ambulatory arterial stiffness index: 0.40 versus 0.35 U; brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: 16.2 versus 14.7 m/s). Of 74 patients with isolated nocturnal HT, only 4 (5.4%) had hypertension on conventional office blood pressure measurement (>or=140/90 mm Hg). In conclusion, isolated nocturnal HT can only be diagnosed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, is prevalent among Chinese, and is associated with increased arterial stiffness.
Hypertension 09/2007; 50(2):333-9. · 6.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the feasibility of detecting methylated fecal DNA as a screening tool for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and precancerous lesions.
Methylated secreted frizzled-related protein gene 2 (SFRP2), hyperplastic polyposis protein gene (HPP1) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene (MGMT) in stools from 52 patients with CRC, 35 patients with benign colorectal diseases and 24 normal individuals were analyzed using methylation-specific PCR.
Methylated SFRP2, HPP1 and MGMT were detected in 94.2%, 71.2%, 48.1% of CRC patients and 52.4%, 57.1%, 28.6% of adenoma patients, respectively. The overall prevalence of fecal DNA with at least one methylated gene was 96.2% and 81.8% in patients with CRC and precancerous lesions, respectively. In contrast, only one of the 24 normal individuals revealed methylated DNA. These results indicated a 93.7% sensitivity and a 77.1% specificity of the assay for detecting CRC and precancerous lesions.
Methylation testing of fecal DNA using a panel of epigenetic markers may be a simple and promising non-invasive screening method for CRC and precancerous lesions.
World Journal of Gastroenterology 03/2007; 13(6):950-4. · 2.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present project was to quantify the level of plasma DNA in patients with malignant or non-malignant breast diseases and in healthy controls, then investigate whether such measurements have diagnostic or prognostic value. Plasma DNA from 121 women (61 patients with breast cancer, 33 control patients with benign breast diseases and 27 healthy control individuals) was quantified by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Plasma DNA concentration in the breast cancer patients (median 65 ng/ml) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in the control patients (median 22 ng/ml) or healthy control (median 13 ng/ml). No association was observed between plasma DNA levels and clinicopathological parameters. The data suggest that quantification of plasma circulating DNA may be a valuable complementary diagnostic tool in discriminate breast cancer from unaffected individuals and may be proposed as an early detection test as well as a new, noninvasive assay to follow-up patients.
Cancer Letters 12/2006; 243(1):64-70. · 4.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the expression of the T cell-specific transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 in recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU).
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from RAU patients and healthy controls. Expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA and protein in the PBMCs were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. The concentrations of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
The expressions of T-bet mRNA were 0.73 +/- 0.14 in the control group and 0.12 +/- 0.04 in the recurrent aphthous ulcerations group, the levels of T-bet protein expressions were 0.73 +/- 0.18 in the control group and 0.24 +/- 0.09 in the recurrent aphthous ulcerations group, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). The levels of GATA-3 mRNA expressions were 0.89 +/- 0.11 in the control group and 1.30 +/- 0.13 in the recurrent aphthous ulcerations group; GATA-3 protein expressions were 1.09 +/- 0.16 in the control group and 1.80 +/- 0.16 in the recurrent aphthous ulcerations group, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). In the control group, the concentration of gamma-interferon in the serum was (22.15 +/- 1.52) ng/L, which was significantly elevated compared with that in the recurrent aphthous ulcerations group (16.32 +/- 0.22) ng/L (P < 0.01), in the control group, the concentration of IL-4 in the serum was (25.58 +/- 2.59) ng/L, which was significantly lower than that of the recurrent aphthous ulcerations group (43.60 +/- 3.15) ng/L (P < 0.01). The ratio of gamma-IFN and IL-4 was positively correlated with the ratio of T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA and protein expression (r = 0.96, 0.94, P < 0.01).
Imbalance of transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 may be one of the key factors in immune dysregulation of recurrent aphthous ulcerations.
Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology 08/2006; 41(8):494-7.
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ABSTRACT: On the Internet, the bilateral bargaining agents would often fall into failure or cause poor utility value at the end of bargaining under time constraints and with incomplete information. The core issue of bargaining between agents on the Internet is the bargaining strategies. However, under time constraints and with incomplete information, the bilateral agents tend to obtain poor utility value. This outcome usually causes the fail bargaining. To overcome the problem, this paper proposes a dynamic bargaining algorithm with novel and simple characteristics to make offers. The algorithm predicts the opponent's possible offers for the consecutive rounds with little information about its opponent's deadline, reservation price, and bargaining strategy. Then, it revises its offer function to maximize its utility in one possible agreement point. The experiments show that the algorithm would enhance the ratio of reaching agreement and the utility value at the end of the bargaining.
Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on; 10/2005
