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Zhencheng Yan,
Yinxing Ni,
Peijian Wang,
Jian Chen,
Hongbo He,
Jing Sun,
Tingbing Cao, Jing Chen,
Zhigang Zhao,
Zhidan Luo,
Lin Chen,
Daoyan Liu,
Zhiming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a prominent component of metabolic syndrome and a major risk factor for renal disease. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) on obesity-related glomerulopathy. DESIGN AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to standard laboratory chow or a high-fat diet for 32 weeks. Glomerular mesangial cells HBZY-1 and mature differentiation 3T3-L1 cells were cocultured and were transfected with PPARδ-expressing vectors or treated with agonist or inhibitor of PPARδ or p38 MAPK. RESULTS: Rats on a high-fat diet showed typical characteristics of metabolic syndrome including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Rats on a high-fat diet also had significant glomerular hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation, which were accompanied by increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and decreased PPARδ expression in the kidney tissue. The roles of p38 MAPK and PPARδ in a coculture system of mesangial cells and mature differentiation 3T3-L1 cells were further explored. PPARδ suppression promoted laminin and type IV collagen secretion through p38 MAPK phosphorylation in mesangial cells, whereas PPARδ overexpression or PPARδ agonist attenuated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and laminin and type IV collagen secretion. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of obesity-related glomerulopathy, which might be partly caused by PPARδ suppression-induced p38 MAPK activation and laminin and type IV collagen secretion was demonstrated.
Obesity 03/2013; 21(3):538-545. · 4.28 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly prevailing as a serious global health problem. Current treatments for T2DM may cause side effects, thus highlighting the need for newer and safer therapies. We tested the hypothesis that dietary capsaicin regulates glucose homeostasis through the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-mediated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in the intestinal cells and tissues. Wild-type (WT) and TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1(-/-)) mice were fed dietary capsaicin for 24 weeks. TRPV1 was localized in secretin tumor cell-1 (STC-1) cells and ileum. Capsaicin stimulated GLP-1 secretion from STC-1 cells in a calcium-dependent manner through TRPV1 activation. Acute capsaicin administration by gastric gavage increased GLP-1 and insulin secretion in vivo in WT but not in TRPV1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, chronic dietary capsaicin not only improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin levels but also lowered daily blood glucose profiles and increased plasma GLP-1 levels in WT mice. However, this effect was absent in TRPV1(-/-) mice. In db/db mice, TRPV1 activation by dietary capsaicin ameliorated abnormal glucose homeostasis and increased GLP-1 levels in the plasma and ileum. The present findings suggest that TRPV1 activation-stimulated GLP-1 secretion could be a promising approach for the intervention of diabetes.
Diabetes 06/2012; 61(8):2155-65. · 8.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Obesity and hypertension are associated with an adverse metabolic profile and systemic low-grade inflammation. Metformin reduces weight and inflammation in patients with diabetes, but it is unclear whether it has beneficial effects in patients without diabetes. The objective was to explore whether metformin-based treatment could benefit obesity-related hypertension without diabetes.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial trial was conducted in 360 obese hypertensive patients without diabetes in Chongqing, China. After a 1-2-week run-in period, patients were randomly assigned to metformin (500 mg once per day) or placebo, as well as to an antihypertensive medication. Change in blood pressure, obesity measurements and metabolic profile were assessed at 24 weeks.
The 180 participants randomized to metformin and 180 randomized to placebo were similar at baseline. At 24 weeks, metformin compared with placebo did not have significant effects on blood pressure, blood glucose, high-density or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but it did reduce total serum cholesterol (0.2 mmol/l, P = 0.038). Metformin also significantly reduced weight (-0.7 kg, P = 0.006), BMI (-0.2 kg/m, P = 0.024), waist circumference (-0.9 cm, P = 0.008), and both subcutaneous (-6.1 cm, P = 0.043) and visceral adiposity (-5.4 cm, P = 0.028) as measured by computed tomography, and lowered serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (-0.6 mg/dl, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in adverse events (P = 0.785).
Metformin has no effect on blood pressure and blood glucose levels, but it does reduce total cholesterol, abdominal obesity and C-reactive protein levels in obese hypertensive patients without diabetes.
Journal of hypertension 04/2012; 30(7):1430-9. · 4.02 Impact Factor
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Li Li, Jing Chen,
Yinxing Ni,
Xiaoli Feng,
Zhigang Zhao,
Peijian Wang,
Jing Sun,
Hao Yu,
Zhencheng Yan,
Daoyan Liu,
Bernd Nilius,
Zhiming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: Nonalcoholic fatty liver is characterized by the fatty deformation and lipid deposition of hepatic parenchymal cells that are associated with cardiometabolic diseases. In this study, we report the effect of capsaicin on its receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel, in preventing fatty liver formation. Functional TRPV1 has been detected in hepatocytes and liver tissues. TRPV1 activation by capsaicin reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride level in the liver from wild-type (WT) mice. However, these effects were absent in the liver from TRPV1(-/-) mice. Chronic dietary capsaicin increased the hepatic uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression in WT but not in TRPV1(-/-) mice (P < 0.01). We conclude that TRPV1 long-time activation might prevent high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in mice through upregulation of hepatic UCP2. Dietary capsaicin may represent a promising intervention in populations at high risk for fatty liver.
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 03/2012; 463(5):727-32. · 4.46 Impact Factor
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Shuangtao Ma,
Hao Yu,
Zhigang Zhao,
Zhidan Luo, Jing Chen,
Yinxing Ni,
Rongbing Jin,
Liqun Ma,
Peijian Wang,
Zhenyu Zhu,
Li Li,
Jian Zhong,
Daoyan Liu,
Bernd Nilius,
Zhiming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an energy-expending organ that produces heat. Expansion or activation of BAT prevents obesity and diabetes. Chronic cold exposure enhances thermogenesis in BAT through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) activation triggered via a β-adrenergic pathway. Here, we report that the cold-sensing transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is functionally present in mouse BAT. Challenging brown adipocytes with menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, up-regulates UCP1 expression and requires protein kinase A activation. Upon mimicking long-term cold exposure with chronic dietary menthol application, menthol significantly increased the core temperatures and locomotor activity in wild-type mice; these effects were absent in both TRPM8(-/-) and UCP1(-/-) mice. Dietary obesity and glucose abnormalities were also prevented by menthol treatment. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for TRPM8, suggesting that stimulation of this channel mediates BAT thermogenesis, which could constitute a promising way to treat obesity.
Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 02/2012; 4(2):88-96.
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Zhigang Zhao,
Yinxing Ni, Jing Chen,
Jian Zhong,
Hao Yu,
Xingsen Xu,
Hongbo He,
Zhencheng Yan,
Alexandra Scholze,
Daoyan Liu,
Zhiming Zhu,
Martin Tepel
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ABSTRACT: Increased transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels have been observed in patients with essential hypertension. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that increased monocyte migration is associated with increased TRPC3 expression. Monocyte migration assay was performed in a microchemotaxis chamber using chemoattractants formylated peptide Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Proteins were identified by immunoblotting and quantitative in-cell Western assay. The effects of TRP channel-inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) and small interfering RNA knockdown of TRPC3 were investigated. We observed an increased fMLP-induced migration of monocytes from hypertensive patients compared with normotensive control subjects (246 ± 14% vs 151 ± 10%). The TNF-α-induced migration of monocytes in patients with essential hypertension was also significantly increased compared to normotensive control subjects (221 ± 20% vs 138 ± 18%). In the presence of 2-APB or after siRNA knockdown of TRPC3 the fMLP-induced monocyte migration was significantly blocked. The fMLP-induced changes of cytosolic calcium were significantly increased in monocytes from hypertensive patients compared to normotensive control subjects. The fMLP-induced monocyte migration was significantly reduced in the presence of inhibitors of tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. We conclude that increased monocyte migration in patients with essential hypertension is associated with increased TRPC3 channels.
PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(3):e32628. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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Xingsen Xu,
Peijian Wang,
Zhigang Zhao,
Tingbing Cao,
Hongbo He,
Zhidan Luo,
Jian Zhong,
Feng Gao,
Zhenyu Zhu,
Li Li,
Zhencheng Yan, Jing Chen,
Yinxing Ni,
Daoyan Liu,
Zhiming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: Previous studies show that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a prominent role in maintaining cerebral blood flow and preventing stroke. Capsaicin in hot pepper can increase the phosphorylation of eNOS in endothelial cells. We test the hypothesis that chronic dietary capsaicin can prevent stroke through activation of cerebrovascular transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp).
SHRsp were fed dietary capsaicin, and their onset of stroke was examined. TRPV1 knockout and transgenic mice were used for determining the function of TRPV1 channels. Expression of eNOS and cerebrovascular reactivity were examined.
Immunofluorescence showed TRPV1 channels and eNOS coexpression in cerebral arterioles. Administration of capsaicin significantly increased phosphorylated eNOS in carotid arteries from wild-type mice but not in TRPV1 knockout mice. Inhibition of eNOS using N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, removal of endothelium, or mutant TRPV1 significantly reduced capsaicin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of basilar arteries in mice. Chronic dietary capsaicin also remarkably increased eNOS expression in carotid arteries from SHRsp. Compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats, SHRsp had impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of basilar arteries. Administration of capsaicin or L-arginine significantly improved the endothelium-dependent relaxation of basilar arteries in SHRsp. SHRsp had hypertrophy of cerebral arterioles, which was reversed by dietary capsaicin. Importantly, long-term administration of capsaicin significantly delayed the onset of stroke and increased the survival time in SHRsp.
Activation of TRPV1 channels by dietary capsaicin mediated increases in phosphorylation of eNOS and could represent a novel target for dietary intervention of stroke.
Stroke 08/2011; 42(11):3245-51. · 5.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: High dietary salt-caused hypertension is associated with increasing reactive oxygen species generation and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a specific receptor for capsaicin, is proposed to be involved in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension, as determined in acute or short-term experiments. However, it remains unknown whether activation of TRPV1 by dietary capsaicin could prevent the vascular oxidative stress and hypertension induced by a high-salt diet. Here, we report that consumption of a high-salt diet blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation in mesenteric resistance arteries and elevated nocturnal blood pressure in mice. These effects were associated with increased superoxide anion generation and reduced NO levels in mesenteric vessels in mice on a high-salt diet. However, chronic administration of capsaicin reduced the high-salt diet-induced endothelial dysfunction and nocturnal hypertension in part by preventing the generation of superoxide anions and NO reduction of mesenteric arteries through vascular TRPV1 activation. Our findings provide new insights into the role of TRPV1 channels in the long-term regulation of blood pressure in response to high-salt intake. TRPV1 activation through chronic dietary capsaicin may represent a promising lifestyle intervention in populations with salt-sensitive hypertension.
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 03/2011; 461(3):345-53. · 4.46 Impact Factor
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Zhigang Zhao,
Zhidan Luo,
Peijian Wang,
Jing Sun,
Hao Yu,
Tingbing Cao,
Yinxing Ni, Jing Chen,
Zhencheng Yan,
Daoyan Liu,
Zhiming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: Vascular endothelial dysfunction has been demonstrated in metabolic syndrome (MS). Chronic administration of rosiglitazone ameliorates endothelial dysfunction through PPARγ-mediated metabolic improvements. Recently, studies suggested that single dose of rosiglitazone also has direct vascular effects, but the mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we established a diet-induced rat model of MS. The impaired vasorelaxation in MS rats was improved by incubating arteries with rosiglitazone for one hour. Importantly, this effect was blocked by either inhibition of PPARγ or PPARδ. In cultured endothelial cells, acute treatment with rosiglitazone increased the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and the production of NO. These effects were also abolished by inhibition of PPARγ, PPARδ, or PI3K. In conclusion, rosiglitazone improved endothelial function through both PPARγ- and PPARδ-mediated phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, which might help to reconsider the complex effects and clinical applications of rosiglitazone.
PPAR Research 01/2011; 2011:291656. · 2.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study investigates the sex difference of cardiometabolic risk profiles in subjects with visceral fat obesity (VFO) but normal waist circumference (WC). VFO, which is defined as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area more than 100 cm(2) by computed tomography (CT), and cardiometabolic risk profiles were assessed in 437 subjects with normal WC (197 female subjects and 240 male subjects). The expression of adiponectin and its receptor in abdominal adipose tissue was measured in a subgroup of the subjects. Compared with the male subjects, female subjects had a larger abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area (158+/-56 vs 116+/-38 cm(2), P<0.01), smaller VAT area (67+/-44 vs 78+/-33 cm(2); P<0.01), and lower prevalence of VFO (12.2 vs 24.2%, P<0.001). This finding was accompanied by upregulated expressions of adiponectin and its receptor in abdominal adipose tissue in female subjects. Without VFO, the risk profiles were not significantly different between male subjects and female subjects. Although risk factors were increased and intensified in both sexes in the presence of VFO, female subjects with VFO were associated with greater cardiometabolic risks than male subjects. A regression analysis indicates the ratio of VAT/SAT for female subjects, whereas VAT and age for male subjects were independently associated with clustering of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. In conclusion, in subjects with normal WC, the prevalence of VFO is lower and the expression of adiponectin and its receptor is higher in female subjects compared with male subjects. Although VFO was associated with increased risk in both sexes, the risk profile in female subjects with VFO was more pronounced.
Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine. 02/2010; 155(2):71-7.
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ABSTRACT: Leader election is a very important problem, not only in wired networks, but in mobile ad hoc networks as well. However, due to the node mobility and network performance, cluster leader node may be lost which will affect the communication severely. According to the features of poor mobility of low-level node, in this paper, we present a low-level asynchronous algorithm with the collision avoidance mechanism, and solved the problem above. And we designed experiments in application layer. The leader-elected time was got from those experiments and the result was compared with synchronous algorithm. This algorithm can be used in fire fighting, construction supervision and rescue work in which a hierarchy ad hoc network is required to dynamically established. By electing a new leader in case of previous leader loss, the algorithm can enhance the robustness of whole network.
Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2009. WiCom '09. 5th International Conference on; 10/2009
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ABSTRACT: Leader election is a very important problem in wired networks and mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a leader election algorithm for hierarchy ad hoc network. For high-level ad hoc network, we adopt synchronous leader election algorithm plus a vice president mechanism. For bottom-level ad hoc network, we design an algorithm with the collision avoidance mechanism which can decrease the message and time complexity. Numerical results show that in the same network environment synchronous algorithm is better than asynchronous for time complexity, if the vice president exists, the time complexity can be tremendously reduced. Our experimental results shows that our proposed algorithm is quite effective, and it can adapt to hierarchy ad hoc network in which high-level nodes are relatively static and bottom-level nodes frequently move.
Computer Science & Education, 2009. ICCSE '09. 4th International Conference on; 08/2009
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ABSTRACT: Recent developments of ICP deep etching have allowed for the realization of bulk titanium high-aspect-ratio structures with high mechanical endurance, excellent corrosion resistance and bio-compatibility, which are very attractive for in vivo and/or harsh environment applications. In this paper, bulk titanium deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) has been carried out and evaluated at wafer level. A new mask material SU8 is introduced instead of an oxide hard mask, which has suffered from limited depth and laborious masking protocols. In order to optimize the process design, the influence of process parameters (coil power, platen power and Cl2 flow rate) on the etch rate, surface roughness, etch profile and wafer uniformity was investigated. By varying these parameters, an optimized recipe is obtained; an etching rate of 1 µm min−1 has been achieved with a vertical sidewall profile and smooth floor. High-aspect-ratio comb finger structures and beams were fabricated on the titanium substrate, which can potentially be used to realize many novel titanium-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Ultra-deep grooves up to 200 µm have been fabricated with this technology, which is among the best of the present reports.
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 08/2009; 19(9):095006. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 1. Cardiac ryanodine RyR2 receptors regulate Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 12.6 prevents aberrant SR Ca(2+) leakage during diastole, thereby maintaining the integrity of RyR2 function. Previous studies have focused mainly on FKBP12.6 deficiency and so the pathophysiological consequences of FKBP12.6 overexpression remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the effect of FKBP12.6 overexpression on cardiac hypertrophic and apoptotic signalling. 2. Human FKBP12.6 cDNA was cloned into pAdTrack-CMV and the resulting plasmid, along with a control empty plasmid, were transfected into bacteria. The resulting virus, namely Ad-FKBP12.6 containing green fluorescent protein, was propagated and purified. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were infected with this virus. Protein and DNA synthesis were measured by [(3)H]-leucine and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, respectively. Expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 or 2 (p-ERK1/2) and Bax were examined by western blotting. 3. Compared with control cells, cardiomyocytes that overexpressed FKBP12.6 became hypertrophic and hyperplastic, with increased levels of both p38 MAPK and p-ERK1/2. At the same time, overexpression of FKBP12.6 induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, as determined by both Bax protein expression and DNA fragmentation. Rapamycin treatment downregulated the expression of p-ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and Bax in stimulated cardiomyocytes, with or without FKBP12.6 overexpression, and enhanced protein synthesis, but had no effect on DNA synthesis in cardiomyocytes. 4. In conclusion, FKBP12.6 overexpression may participate in pathophysiological processes through both hypertrophic and apoptotic signalling pathways, leading to cardiomyocyte damage and death.
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 09/2008; 36(2):135-40. · 1.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare the values of measurements of obesity, including body mass index(BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), bioelectrical impedance analyzer(BIA) (fat mass and FAT%), ultrasonography (US) (subcutaneous fat distance and intraabdominal fat distance), and computed tomography (CT) in predicting the quantification of visceral adipose in abdominal obesity, and to evaluate the best cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity of these methods.
4,301 inpatients with hypertension, 2,155 males and 2,146 females, aged (56.4 +/- 13.8) (11 - 89), all with at least 1 risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, underwent simple body fat measurement. 3458 received BIA, 2,553 received B mode ultrasonography, 1039 underwent CT examination, and 659 received all kinds of examination. Abdominal visceral adipose area (VA) measured with CT >or= 100 cm(2) was the diagnostic criteria of visceral fat obesity (VFO). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the body fat indexes to determine the best cut-off point.
(1) It was accurate for WC, fat mass, BMI, intraabdominal fat distance, FAT%, and WHR were all accurate in diagnosis of VFO with the values of area under ROC of 0.730 - 0.867. WC was the most effective measurement. (2) The best cut-off points of these methods in predicting abdominal visceral obesity in males and females were as follows: WC: 89.5 cm and 85.5 cm for WC. 25 kg/m(2) and 26 kg/m(2) for BMI, 0.97 and 0.95 for WHR, 29% and 38% for fat composition, 18.6 kg, and 20.4 kg for fat mass, and 38.5 mm and 34.7 mm for intraabdominal fat distance.
WC, fat mass, BMI, intraabdominal fat distance, simple fat parameters, and WHR all can predict visceral adipose in abdominal obesity, in which WC is the best. For a given WC, the type of obesity can be determined by BIA and US.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 09/2008; 88(34):2391-4.
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Hong-bo He,
Zhi-gang Zhao,
Yun-fei Pu, Jing Chen,
Yin-xing Ni,
Jian Zhong,
Hao-yu Liu,
Ying-sha Li,
Zhen-cheng Yan,
Dao-yan Liu,
Zhi-ming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: To explore the relationship of different types of abdominal obesity to risk of metabolic syndrome (MS).
Visceral fat area (VA) and substantial fat area (SA) were assessed by CT in 846 patients, 470 males and 376 females, aged 55 +/- 12, who suffered from at least one cardiometabolic risk factor and divided into 4 groups according to their VA and waist circumference (WC): non-obesity, masked visceral fat obesity (VFO), pseudo-VFO, and VFO groups. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, and lipid profile were also measured. The MS risks of different types of abdominal obesity were compared.
The prevalence rate of masked VFO of males was 10.9% (51/470), significantly higher than that of female (4.8%, 18/376). The prevalence rate of MS of the male patients with masked VFO was 43.1%, significantly higher than that of those in non-obesity group (25.0%), and lower than those of the males in the pseudo-VFO group (78.7%) and in the VFO group (88.6%), whereas the MS prevalence rate of the males in the pseudo-VFO group was significantly higher than those in the non-obesity and masked VFO groups. On the other hand, the MS prevalence rate of the female patients with masked VFO was 33.3%, not significantly different from that of the female patients in the non-obesity group (31.2%), but significantly lower than those of the pseudo-VFO and VFO groups (78.7% and 90.9% respectively). The MS prevalence rate of the female pseudo-VFO patients was also significantly higher than those in the non-obesity and masked VFO groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that WC and VA were independent risk factors for MS [OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.10-1.17), 1.01 (1.01-1.02), respectively, P < 0.01).
Different types of abdominal obesity have important impacts on the risk of metabolic syndrome. Masked VFO, even though with normal WC, and pseudo-VFO have considerably higher cardiometabolic risks.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 05/2008; 88(18):1251-4.
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ABSTRACT: Film stress is crucial for stringent MEMS/NEMS design. In this paper, novel micromachined flexible suspended thin silicon plates combined with a sub-nanometer optical interferometry measuring setup have been developed to detect stresses in nanometer-scale films as well as ultra low stresses in thin films. By measuring the local out-of-plane curvature of a thin silicon substrate of 15 µm, a bending sensitivity two orders larger than that of the wafer curvature method has been achieved. Residual stresses in LPCVD Si3N4 thin films are measured, which are in good agreement with those extracted by other methods. Since non-contact optical instruments are used to detect all the parameters and the boundary conditions are well characterized, reproducibility better than 1% has been realized. By reusing the testing structures, residual stresses in sputtered metal films are also determined, which vary in a broad range. A stress difference as small as 1.5 MPa within a 30 nm film can be resolved with this metrology, which is among the best in the present reports.
Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 08/2007; 17(10):1923. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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Zhi-qiang Tian,
Jian Zhong,
Zhi-gang Zhao,
Zhi-dan Luo,
Hao-yu Liu,
Hua Mu, Jing Chen,
Yin-xing Ni,
Zhen-cheng Yan,
Dao-yan Liu,
Zhi-ming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: To observe the relationship between abdominal obesity and left ventricular weight/function.
A total of 495 patients [265 males, mean age (55 +/- 12) years] with hypertension (139), diabetes (65), metabolic syndrome (285), diabetes complicated with hypertension (11) were enrolled in this study. Visceral adipose area (VA), the subcutaneous adipose (SA), the total abdominal adipose (TA) were measured by computerized tomography (CT) and left ventricular weight and function were obtained by echocardiography. Patients were divided into three groups according to the VA (I. VA<75 cm(2), n=173, II. VA>75 and < 110 cm(2), n=153, III. VA >or= 110 cm(2), n=169).
Left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVM index (LVMI) increased and LVEF and E/A decreased in proportion to increasing VA. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) rate was significantly higher in group II and III compared to group I and LVEF was significantly reduced in group III compared to group I and II. There are significant correlation between LVMI and VA, SA, TA as well as between LVEF and VA after adjusting gender, age and blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis showed that VA is an independent predictor for LVH.
The abdominal adipose accumulation is closely related to the left ventricular weight and function.
Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi [Chinese journal of cardiovascular diseases] 02/2007; 35(2):155-8.
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Jing Chen,
Zhi-qiang Tian,
Wei-guo Zhang,
Jin-hua Chen,
Zheng-cheng Yan,
Yin-xing Ni,
Jian Zhong,
Jie Jin,
Zhi-gang Zhao,
Hua Mu,
Zhi-ming Zhu
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the relationship between the visceral adipose (VA) accumulation and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with MS, and hypertension and/or diabetes.
VA area was measured by computed tomography (CT) in 564 patients with with MS, and hypertension and/or diabetes, 308 males and 256 females. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used as index for analysis.
(1) The VA of the patients with MS was 116 cm(2) +/- 38 cm(2), significantly higher than those of the patients with hypertension and diabetes (72 cm(2) +/- 34 cm(2) and 64 cm(2) +/- 34 cm(2) respectively, both P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off points of VA for hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-high density lipoproteinemia, abdominal obesity and MS was 91 - 107 cm(2) for men; and 70 - 72 cm(2) for women. (2) The anthropometric parameters to the corresponding optimal cut-off points of VA were as follow: BMI, WC, and WHP were 25 kg/m(2), 89 cm, and 0.95 - 0.96 for men; and 24 - 25 kg/m(2), 82 - 84 cm, and 0.91 for women. Both the cut-off points of VA in assessing hyperglycemia and in assessing hypertension could not be found out. (3) The prevalence of MS was significantly increased when VA >or= 55 cm(2) in women and when VA >or= 70 cm(2) in men respectively.
There is a gender difference in the accumulation of the VA tissue. Even in the subjects with overweight, abdominal obesity and dyesmetabolism have appeared in patients. The prevalence of MS is significantly increased with the intra-abdominal fat accumulation.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 08/2006; 86(30):2110-3.
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Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 07/2005; 85(21):1499-500.
