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ABSTRACT: In contrast to immunity against some other facultative intracellular parasites, protective immunity against Brucella abortus is mediated in mice by antibodies as well as by cell-mediated immune responses. It was the purpose of this study to determine whether antibody alone would prevent infection with B. abortus. The majority (82%) of CD-1 outbred mice infected with 100 CFU of virulent B. abortus 2308 preincubated with graded quantities of an O polysaccharide-specific IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MAb) were free of infection 1. 2, 4, and 6 weeks later, based on detection limits of 13 brucellae per spleen and 39 per liver. Infection was present in 95% of control animals. Similar results were obtained with a challenge dose of 500 CFU, but with a challenge dose of 5,000 CFU, infection became established even with the highest concentration of MAb used (50 micrograms of MAb per 5,000 brucellae). Pretreatment with an O polysaccharide-specific IgG1 MAb or with convalescent-phase serum diminished but did not prevent establishment of infection by 100 CFU of B. abortus. A majority of culture-negative mice tested 6 weeks after infection were serologically negative, which could have signified either the absence of previous infection or the early elimination of infection. In an in vitro test system, all of the antibody preparations were efficient in opsonizing B. abortus. Effective killing of the organism by unelicited mouse peritoneal macrophages occurred in conventional but not in endotoxin-free medium, suggesting that activated macrophages were required for killing of opsonized B. abortus. These results emphasize the potential importance of antibodies in the immunoprophylaxis of brucellosis and suggest that the design of a successful vaccine will require the induction of antibodies not only of appropriate specificity but also of the optimal isotype for mediating protective functions.
Infection and Immunity 12/1989; 57(11):3438-44. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A single vaccination of mice with a complex of porin and smooth lipopolysaccharide (porin-S-LPS) extracted from virulent Brucella abortus 2308 provided significant protection (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001) against challenge with the same strain, equivalent to that achieved by vaccination with living attenuated B. abortus 19. The porin-S-LPS vaccine given without adjuvant or in several adjuvants (trehalose dimycolate and muramyl dipeptide; the pluronic polymer L-121 and muramyl dipeptide; or complexed with Quil A in immunostimulating complexes) provided equivalent protection. In contrast, one vaccination with porin complexed with rough LPS (porin-R-LPS) from a rough mutant of strain 2308 provided no protection with any adjuvant tested. In one experiment, two inoculations with the porin-R-LPS resulted in a low level of protection, probably owing to priming of the animals for production of O-polysaccharide-specific antibodies. However, one vaccination with rough-strain porin covalently bound to purified O polysaccharide conferred protection equal to that obtained with natural complexes of porin-S-LPS or with living strain 19. A synthetic vaccine containing long chains of O polysaccharide was more effective than one prepared with short chains. Protective vaccines caused the formation of increased concentrations of circulating O-polysaccharide-specific antibodies, although there were individual exceptions to the quantitative association between O-polysaccharide-specific antibodies and protection. Antibodies specific for porin or R-LPS were found in negligible quantities in vaccinated mice. These results provide additional evidence that the O polysaccharide will constitute an essential component of an effective subcellular vaccine against B. abortus and that O-polysaccharide-specific antibodies play an important role in protective immunity in brucellosis.
Infection and Immunity 12/1988; 56(11):2808-17. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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Advances in experimental medicine and biology 02/1981; 137:729-43. · 1.09 Impact Factor
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Advances in experimental medicine and biology 02/1981; 137:745-52. · 1.09 Impact Factor
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The Journal of Infectious Diseases 11/1978; 138(4):463-72. · 6.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide produced blastogenic transformation in whole-blood leukocytes from heifers that had been infected and immunized with Campylobacter fetus, but not in cells from control animals. This suggests that lipopolysaccharide dose not function as a B-cell mitogen in cattle and that its stimulation of cells from immunized animals occurred through another mechanism.
Infection and Immunity 09/1977; 17(2):463-5. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 10/1976; 6(2):165-73.
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ABSTRACT: Immunoglobulin levels were studied in the genital secretions of seven heifers which had been bred to a bull infected with Mycoplasma agalactiae var. bovis and three heifers bred to a noninfected bull. The median immunoglobulin G (IgG)/IgA ratio ratio for vaginal secretions was 0.7, for cervical secretions 21.9, and for uterine secretions 13.0. This indicated that IgA was the mahor immunoglobilin class in the most superficial portion of the reproductive tract and that IgG was the major class in secretions of the deeper tract. The response to infection was studied by comparing animals infected with mycoplasma and noninfected controls. The IgG/IgA ratios were significantly lower in infected animals than in controls, apparently due to high IgA values in infected animals. Low mycoplasmal agglutinin titers were detected in secretions of three of the infected animals, but there appeared to be no relationship between agglutinin titers and histopathological lesions or between agglutinin titers and IgG/IgA ratios in this group of animals.
Infection and Immunity 07/1976; 13(6):1595-600. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Arthritis characterized by lameness. Joint swelling and purulent synovial fluid was seen in a group of dairy replacement heifers. Mycoplasma was cultured from one joint aspirate, but all bacterial cultures were negative. Antiglobulins were demonstrated by double diffusion precipitin tests in the serum and synovial fluid. Due to the clinical and clinical pathological similarities to rheumatoid arthritis in man, the disease was called rheumatoid-like arthritis. The presence of antiglobulin may indicate antibody in the synovial fluid explaining the difficulty in culturing a causative agent.
The Cornell veterinarian 02/1976; 66(1):110-7.
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ABSTRACT: The inflammatory lesions in bovine venereal vibriosis have been examined by light and transmission electron microscopy in order to provide a better understanding of host defense of the uterus against bacterial invasion. Neutrophils and eosinophils were found mainly at the endometrial surface and in glandular lumina. Mononuclear cells within the endometrial tissue were identified ultrastructurally. Lymphocytes were most abundant, plasma cells were next in frequency, and mononuclear phagocytes were least often observed. An attempt was made to classify lymphocytes on the basis of presence or absence of a cytoplasmic network of filaments and other ultrastructural characteristics.
Laboratory Investigation 09/1975; 33(2):187-92. · 3.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cure of female cattle with venereal vibriosis by systemic immunization with killed Campylobacter fetus cells in incomplete Freund adjuvant was investigated. Heifers infected in the cervicovaginal area with a cloned population of C. fetus venerealis were vaccinated subcutaneously 14 and 24 days thereafter with the infecting strain in incomplete Freund adjuvant. Six of eight vaccinated heifers were free of infection 25 to 48 days postinfection. One of the cured animals had an intercurrent infection which precluded interpretation of a vaccine effect. All controls remained infected 48 to 51 days postinfection, when the experiment was terminated. In vaccinated animals, agglutination titers against whole cells of the infecting strain reached peaks varying from 1,280 to 20,480 in serum and from 20 to 5,120 in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) within days 24 to 32 postinfection. No consistent relationship was noted between levels of whole cell antibodies in serum and those in CVM. Evidence for the occurrence of antigenic variation in the organism after vaccination was sought by comparing the agglutinability of the infecting strain and CVM isolates in serum and CVM extracts. Serum samples of most cured heifers agglutinated whole cells prepared from isolates of the respective heifers to the same extent as cells of the infecting strain. In the corresponding comparisons, those from noncured animals agglutinated isolates to lower titers. CVM extracts from one cured animals agglutinated isolates derived from the same or closely spaced CVM samples to titers comparable with those obtained with the infecting strain. In the remaining animals, CVM extracts which agglutinated the infecting strain produced lower or undetectable reactions with corresponding isolates. It is proposed that the elimination of infection is dependent upon opposing responses of host and parasite, of which the degree of antigenic alteration in the infecting strain and the rate of mobilization and the concentration of specific antibodies in the genital secretions are key factors.
Infection and Immunity 03/1975; 11(2):245-51. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The immunoglobulin classes of antibodies to Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) were determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test at sequential periods, since the order of class appearance has not been established for specific secretory immune responses. In the local immune response to C. fetus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies appeared first, immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies next, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) last. IgM antibodies were quite transient, but IgG antibodies remained longer, and those of the IgA class persisted until the end of the experimental period (up to 10 months). Since differences appear to exist between immune mechanisms at cervicovaginal and uterine sites, as well as between immune responses induced by local and systemic immunizations, the immunoglobulin classes of antibodies in uterine secretions were compared with the classes in CVM and serum. Uterine antibodies arose coincidently with uterine lesions in heifers slaughtered after short periods of infection. In convalescent animals only IgA antibodies were found in CVM, whereas the predominant class of antibodies in the uterine secretions was IgG(1) in three of four animals studied. Only IgG antibodies were detected in CVM and uterine secretions of systemically immunized animals. These findings could account for faster clearance of C. fetus from the uterus than from the cervicovaginal area in locally infected animals and for failure of colonization in systemically immunized animals, because IgG antibodies are good opsonins and IgA antibodies are not. IgA antibodies do immobilize C. fetus, however, so they could prevent recolonization of the uterus in cervicovaginal carriers.
Infection and Immunity 12/1974; 10(5):1084-90. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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The Cornell veterinarian 11/1974; 64(4):533-48.
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ABSTRACT: Serum and cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) antibodies from heifers after genital infection or systemic immunization with Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus were classified according to their immunoglobulin class, antigenic specificities, and biological functions. Only immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies, specific both for O and superficial, heat-labile, whole-cell (W) antigens, were detected in CVM of convalescent animals. After systemic immunization, antibodies in serum were directed principally to W antigens and were located in IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgM classes; CVM antibodies of the same specificity were detected only in the IgG subclasses. Functional tests revealed that antibodies of W specificity, whether of the IgA or IgG class, were capable of immobilizing the organism. However, IgG antibodies immobilized with clumping, whereas IgA antibodies immobilized single organisms within the 3-min period. None of the antibody preparations was bactericidal in the presence of homologous complement when the infecting strain was used as the target organism, but a bactericidal effect was observed when the target strain was rough and non-encapsulated. Both serum and CVM from systemically immunized animals opsonized C. fetus organisms, but CVM from locally immunized animals containing IgA antibodies was not opsonic. It is hypothesized that functions of immobilization for IgA and IgG and of opsonization for IgG are important features of protective immunity in venereal vibriosis.
Infection and Immunity 10/1974; 10(3):422-9. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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American Journal of Veterinary Research 12/1973; 34(11):1399-403. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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J Reprod Fertil 01/1973; 31(3):359-65.
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ABSTRACT: Naturally occurring antibodies for Vibrio fetus with whole-cell and O antigen specificities were detected in sera of mature cattle by means of the agglutination and indirect immunofluorescence reactions. O antibodies occurred in each of 21 sera examined, and whole-cell antibodies, in lower concentrations, occurred in 15 of the 21 sera. Natural antibodies were detected in the immunoglobulin G, M, and A (IgG, IgM, IgA) classes. Parenteral immunization with whole cells in Freund's complete adjuvant caused an increase in antibodies, predominantly IgG, with both whole-cell and O specificities; genital infection produced minimal alterations in levels of serum antibody. O antibodies, predominantly of the IgA class, occurred in nasal secretions of most of these animals but only infrequently in saliva or tears. Nasal secretion titers of O antibodies fluctuated widely from week to week but appeared to be unaffected by parenteral immunization or experimental infection. It is hypothesized that the nasal passages serve as a site of antigenic stimulation and synthesis of naturally occurring V. fetus antibodies.
Infection and Immunity 06/1972; 5(5):728-33. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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The Journal of Immunology 04/1972; 108(4):965-76. · 5.79 Impact Factor
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Journal of Dairy Science 10/1971; 54(9):1335. · 2.56 Impact Factor
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Journal of Dairy Science 10/1971; 54(9):1333. · 2.56 Impact Factor
