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ABSTRACT: Glucose control in acute cardiac disease is difficult to achieve and may improve patient outcome. Because glucose levels were high at the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, and adherence to a paper protocol was low, a web based decision support system for glucose control was developed. A board view of the currently admitted patients is provided; new glucose values are retrieved along with insulin infusion rates and patient data from the Patient Data Management System. For each new glucose value a pop-up is generated with the protocol advised action for insulin dosage and time for the next glucose measurement. Temporal trends in glucose and insulin values are displayed as an additional aid. An evaluation database is included in the design to provide feedback to the users on protocol compliance and glucose control. These data will also be used to improve the protocol.
Computers in Cardiology, 2008; 10/2008
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W A Arrindell,
Martin Eisemann,
Jörg Richter,
Tian P S Oei,
Vicente E Caballo,
Jan van der Ende,
Ezio Sanavio,
Nuri Bagés,
Lya Feldman,
Bárbara Torres, [......],
J C Richards,
J Richter,
O Rydén,
E Sanavio,
C Sica,
M A Simón,
M Surman,
B Torres, J van der Ende,
F Zaldívar
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ABSTRACT: The Fear Survey Schedule-III (FSS-III) was administered to a total of 5491 students in Australia, East Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Spain, Sweden, and Venezuela, and submitted to the multiple group method of confirmatory analysis (MGM) in order to determine the cross-national dimensional constancy of the five-factor model of self-assessed fears originally established in Dutch, British, and Canadian samples. The model comprises fears of bodily injury-illness-death, agoraphobic fears, social fears, fears of sexual and aggressive scenes, and harmless animals fears. Close correspondence between the factors was demonstrated across national samples. In each country, the corresponding scales were internally consistent, were intercorrelated at magnitudes comparable to those yielded in the original samples, and yielded (in 93% of the total number of 55 comparisons) sex differences in line with the usual finding (higher scores for females). In each country, the relatively largest sex differences were obtained on harmless animals fears. The organization of self-assessed fears is sufficiently similar across nations to warrant the use of the same weight matrix (scoring key) for the FSS-III in the different countries and to make cross-national comparisons feasible. This opens the way to further studies that attempt to predict (on an a priori basis) cross-national variations in fear levels with dimensions of national cultures.
Behaviour Research and Therapy 05/2003; 41(4):461-79. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour (SIB), a multidimensional, self-report measure of state assertiveness, was administered to a nationwide sample of 2375 undergraduates enrolled at 11 colleges and universities across the USA. The SIB was developed in the Netherlands for the independent assessment of both distress associated with self-assertion in a variety of social situations and the likelihood of engaging in a specific assertive response. This is done with four factorially-derived, first-order dimensions: (i) Display of negative feelings (Negative assertion); (ii) Expression of and dealing with personal limitations; (iii) Initiating assertiveness; and (iv) Praising others and the ability to deal with compliments/praise of others (Positive assertion). The present study was designed to determine the cross-national invariance of the original Dutch factors and the construct validity of the corresponding dimensions. It also set out to develop norms for a nationwide sample of US students. The results provide further support for the reliability, factorial and construct validity of the SIB. Compared to their Dutch equivalents, US students had meaningfully higher distress in assertiveness scores on all SIB scales (medium to large effect sizes), whereas differences on the performance scales reflected small effect sizes. The cross-national differences in distress scores were hypothesized to have originated from the American culture being more socially demanding with respect to interpersonal competence than the Dutch, and from the perceived threats and related cognitive appraisals that are associated with such demands.
Behaviour Research and Therapy 01/2002; 39(12):1461-79. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In a previous study (Cox, Swinson, Kuch & Reichman, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 427-431, 1993), factor analyses of the responses of 177 Canadian panic disorder with agoraphobia patients to the 'When Accompanied' and 'When Alone' scales of the Mobility Inventory (Chambless, Caputo, Jasin, Gracely & Williams, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 35-44, 1985) revealed three factors in each case: Fears of (1) Public places; (2) Enclosed spaces; and (3) Open spaces. Using two distinct methods of factorial analysis, evidence was found for the cross-national generalizability of the factor model when the responses of Dutch members of a society for individuals suffering from an anxiety disorder (N = 213) were contrasted with the original Canadian findings. Inventory items were distributed in a non-overlapping fashion across the corresponding three subscales. Psychometric properties of the subscales were encouraging, although some difficulties emerged when attempts were made at distinguishing Fears of Enclosed spaces from Fears of Open spaces. This was because of their correlational configurations with other measures. Scores on all scales varied with socioeconomic status (SES); Ss in lower SES groups had significantly higher agoraphobic avoidance scores than their equivalents in higher SES groups. Results of higher-order analysis, which included several state and trait measures of psychological functioning in addition to the Mobility Inventory, revealed two orthogonal, second-order factors which were interpreted as Agoraphobia and Neuroticism/Negative Affect vs Positive Affect. Implications for further studies are briefly outlined.
Behaviour Research and Therapy 08/1995; 33(6):711-24. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Most of the available data on the dimensional structure underlying the EMBU--an originally Swedish measure designed to assess one's recollections concerning one's parents' rearing behaviour--has been obtained with adults or adolescents. In the present study, using exploratory factor analysis, an attempt was made to determine the EMBU factorial structure in a Spanish sample of children aged 7-12 years (N = 205). Four factors explaining only 24% and 25% of the total variance in the ratings of the fathers and those of the mothers, respectively, and being invariant across parental sex, were interpreted: Emotional Warmth, Rejection, Control Attempts, and Favouring Subject. Results with respect to the internal consistency reliability of the corresponding scales were satisfactory, as were homogeneity figures pertaining to each set of theoretically-related items. Higher-order analyses of the first-order dimensions (mothers and fathers jointly) revealed three factors explaining 85% of the total variance. Control Attempts, Care (Rejection vs. Emotional Warmth), and Favouring Subject. The factorially-derived (first-order) scales were uncorrelated with sex of the recipient. All scales (except Rejection) correlated sizeably, negatively, with age (medium effect size) pointing, as outlined, to the need to take into account the relevant normative, design and research implications in further investigation. Some similarities and differences with findings yielded previously with adults and adolescents are briefly pinpointed.
International Journal of Social Psychiatry 02/1993; 39(1):47-57. · 1.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In a previous study, an attempt was undertaken to examine whether dimensions of parental rearing style as measured with the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU) on dimensions of Rejection, Emotional Warmth, Overprotection, and Favoring Subject can be generalized from Dutch adult samples, for whom they were originally interpreted from factor analyses, to an Hungarian adult sample. The findings suggested either differences in the meaning of the constructs between Hungarians and the Dutch or the presence of errors of translation in the Hungarian version. To rule out the possibility of inadequate translation, the Hungarian item-content was cross-checked by our Hungarian coworkers and, after reformulating several items, used for obtaining new data with a sample of adolescents. On the whole, negative findings with the old version disappeared with the new; clear evidence was found here for qualitative similarity/identity of the Rejection, Emotional Warmth, and Overprotection dimensions across the Dutch and Hungarian samples. Further studies with Hungarian persons are needed to examine whether these dimensions generalize from (nonpatient) adolescent to adult samples.
Psychological Reports 01/1990; 65(3 Pt 2):1079-88. · 0.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The perceived parental rearing practices and attitudes of agoraphobics, social phobics and non-patient normal controls were investigated, employing the EMBU, an inventory for assessing memories of upbringing. Findings obtained previously with out-patients were replicated with in-patients as subjects. Compared with the controls, agoraphobics rated both their parents as having been less emotionally warm but only their mothers as having been rejective. Socially phobic in-patients rated both their parents as having been rejective, as having lacked emotional warmth, and as having been over-protective. Comparisons between agoraphobics and social phobics showed differences in certain aspects of parental rearing, with the socially phobic in-patients assigning ratings more negatively than the agoraphobic group.
The British Journal of Psychiatry 11/1989; 155:526-35. · 6.62 Impact Factor
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Psychological Reports 01/1989; · 0.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: By using confirmatory factor analysis, distress and performance factors of assertion identified previously in a sample of predominantly agoraphobic club members (N = 703) employing the Scale for Interpersonal Behavior (SIB)—the factors being (I) Display of negative feelings; (II) Expression of and dealing with personal limitations; (III) Initiating assertiveness; and (IV) Praising others and the ability to deal with compliments/praise of others (positive assertion)—were shown to be reproducible (constant) in a combined sample of shy, socially phobic and unassertive Ss treated on an outpatient basis (N = 269). The importance of studies of this kind is briefly pinpointed.
Behaviour Research and Therapy 02/1988; 26(4):337-9. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This article focusses on specific methodological problems of equivalence in cross-cultural comparative research with the EMBU, a measure for assessing memories on upbringing.
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum 02/1988; 344:141-5.
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International Journal of Psychology 01/1988; · 0.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A psychometric study on Swedish and Dutch samples used the EMBU, a self-report instrument designed to assess memories of parents' rearing behaviour. Of the four primary factors identified previously with Dutch individuals (Rejection, Emotional Warmth, Over-protection, and Favouring Subject), the first three were retrieved in a similar form in the two Swedish groups (depressives and healthy, non-patients). Examination of the metric equivalence of the scales and the strength of the factors for each group indicated that comparisons of patterns and levels between groups from the respective countries on the three factors showing cross-national constancy would be warranted. Scale-level factor analyses of these dimensions produced identical two-factor compositions (CARE and PROTECTION) across national groups which further supported this conclusion.
The British Journal of Psychiatry 04/1986; 148:305-9. · 6.62 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Four groups of depressed patients 47 unipolars, 21 bipolars, 34 with neurotic-reactive depression, and 39 with unspecified depressive disorder completed, after recovery, the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing practices. The results for three factors: "rejection", "emotional warmth" and "over-protection" and the global judgement scores of "severity" and "consistency" in rearing attitudes were compared with those obtained from 205 healthy individuals. Depressed patients, particularly in the unipolar unspecified groups rated both parents lower than the controls on emotional warmth. Patients tended also to rate their parents as less consistent in their rearing attitudes. The variables emotional warmth and overprotection allowed 64% of the patients and 72 of the unipolar depressives to be classified correctly. These results, like those of previous studies, support the hypothesis that deprivation of love during childhood represents an important psychological risk factor in the background of depressive disorders.
The British Journal of Psychiatry 03/1986; 148:170-5. · 6.62 Impact Factor
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Behaviour Research and Therapy 02/1986; 24(3):289-97. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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The British Journal of Psychiatry 01/1986; · 6.62 Impact Factor
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The British Journal of Psychiatry 01/1986; · 6.62 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Samples of healthy subjects from Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden completed the EMBU, a Swedish questionnaire aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing practices. For the purpose of comparison three factors - "emotional warmth", "rejection" and "overprotection" - obtained in a previous factor analytic study, have been used. The most pronounced differences occurred between the Dutch and the Swedish sample on the one hand, and the Italian and Australian sample on the other, with the Danish sample in between. Differences in perceived parental rearing should be considered when comparing personality characteristics and/or psychopathological conditions in subjects from different countries.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 10/1985; 72(3):278-82. · 4.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour (SIB), a multidimensional, self-report measure of state assertiveness, was administered to a nationwide sample of 2375 undergraduates enrolled at 11 colleges and universities across the USA. The SIB was developed in the Netherlands for the independent assessment of both distress associated with self-assertion in a variety of social situations and the likelihood of engaging in a specific assertive response. This is done with four factorially-derived, first-order dimensions: (i) Display of negative feelings (Negative assertion); (ii) Expression of and dealing with personal limitations; (iii) Initiating assertiveness; and (iv) Praising others and the ability to deal with compliments/praise of others (Positive assertion). The present study was designed to determine the cross-national invariance of the original Dutch factors and the construct validity of the corresponding dimensions. It also set out to develop norms for a nationwide sample of US students. The results provide further support for the reliability, factorial and construct validity of the SIB. Compared to their Dutch equivalents, US students had meaningfully higher distress in assertiveness scores on all SIB scales (medium to large effect sizes), whereas differences on the performance scales reflected small effect sizes. The cross-national differences in distress scores were hypothesized to have originated from the American culture being more socially demanding with respect to interpersonal competence than the Dutch, and from the perceived threats and related cognitive appraisals that are associated with such demands.
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ABSTRACT: The Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour (SIB), a multidimensional self-report measure of difficulty and distress in state assertiveness, was psychometrically evaluated in a large sample comprising 1242 unselected psychiatric inpatients. In addition to an overall measure of assertion, the SIB contains four factorially-derived dimensions: (I) negative assertion, (II) expression of and dealing with personal limitations, (III) initiating assertiveness, and (IV) positive assertion. The factors were originally interpreted in data of 703 members of a society for phobic individuals. Evidence is presented on the factorial constancy of the SIB measuring constructs across samples, biological sex, age, and educational level. Outstanding internal consistency figures are also given. Construct validity is established in a subset of the inpatients in relation to the Assertion Self-Statement Test-Revised. Both descriptive and specialized norms are presented for psychiatric inpatients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
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W.A. Arrindell,
C. Perris,
M. Eisemann,
E.Granell de Aldaz, J. Van der Ende,
D. Kong Sim Guan,
J. Richter,
P. Gaszner,
S. Iwawaki,
P. Baron,
N. Joubert,
L. Prud'Homme
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ABSTRACT: In order to contribute to the cross-cultural study of child-rearing practices and psychopathology, this pilot study sought to examine the cross-national generalizability of parental rearing constructs by analyzing self-report data on the EMBU, an instrument designed to assess memories of parental rearing behaviour. Of the four primary factors identified originally with Dutch individuals, namely Rejection, Emotional Warmth, Overprotection and Favouring Subject, the first three were replicated in a similar form in convenience samples comprising healthy research volunteers from Canada, the Fed. Rep. Germany, Hungary, Japan, Singapore and Venezuela. Scale-level factor analyses of the constructs evidencing cross-national constancy produced identical two-factor compositions (CARE and PROTECTION) across national samples. Basic analysis of item-bias showed such an influence in the Japanese sample only which necessitated a very minor modification in two EMBU subscales. Among other things, it was concluded that the EMBU dimensional framework can be as useful for scientific purposes in the different national groups as it has proved to be in the Netherlands.
Personality and Individual Differences.
