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E. Auffray,
M. Boutemeur,
G. Brandenburg,
P. Bruyndonckx,
Y. Choi,
Y. D’Asseler,
O. Devroede,
O. Dietzel,
C. Dujardin,
A. Fedorov, [......],
J. Trummer,
S. Vandenberghe,
R. Van Holen, J.-M. Vieira,
S. Weber,
E. Wieörs,
M. Wisniewska,
D. Wisniewski,
Y. Wu,
K. Ziemons
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Crystal Clear Collaboration has designed and built a family of high resolution small animal PET scanners. These were designed
to be used in research laboratories and provide maximum modularity and flexibility. The source code of the data acquisition
and reconstruction software is freely available to the users. The design is based on the use of the Hamamatsu R7600-M64 multi-anode
photomultiplier tube and an LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix with one-to-one coupling between the crystals and the photo-detector.
A complete system has 80 PMT tubes in four rings with a minimum inner diameter of 137 mm and an axial field of view of 110
mm. The detectors are rotating over 360 degrees so that partially filled ring geometries can be used. This greatly simplifies
the combination of PET with other imaging modalities. Single gamma interactions are recorded in list mode format and coincidences
are found by software.
03/2006: pages 149-164;
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J.-B. Mosset,
O. Devroede,
M. Krieguer,
M. Rey, J.-M. Vieira,
J.H. Jung,
C. Kuntner,
M. Streun,
K. Ziemons,
E. Auffray,
P. Sempere-Roldan,
P. Lecoq,
P. Bruyndonckx,
J.-F. Loude,
S. Tavernier,
C. Morel
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head developed for the ClearPET small animal PET scanner demonstrator that is under construction in Lausanne within the Crystal Clear Collaboration. The detector head consists of a dual layer of 8×8 LSO and LuYAP crystal arrays coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64). Equalistion of the LSO/LuYAP light collection is obtained through partial attenuation of the LSO scintillation light using a thin aluminum deposit of 20-35 nm on LSO and appropriate temperature regulation of the phoswich head between 30°C to 60°C. At 511keV, typical FWHM energy resolutions of the pixels of a phoswich head amounts to (28±2)% for LSO and (25±2)% for LuYAP. The LSO versus LuYAP crystal identification efficiency is better than 98%. Six detector modules have been mounted on a rotating gantry. Axial and tangential spatial resolutions were measured up to 4 cm from the scanner axis and compared to Monte Carlo simulations using GATE. FWHM spatial resolution ranges from 1.3 mm on axis to 2.6 mm at 4 cm from the axis.
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 03/2006; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the measurements obtained with the partial ring Lausanne ClearPET scanner demonstrator and compares them against GATE Monte Carlo simulations. Radial and tangential spatial resolutions were measured up to 4 cm from the scanner axis. FWHM spatial resolutions range from 1.3 mm on axis to 2.6 mm at 4 cm from the axis. Excellent agreement is observed between the measured and simulated spatial resolutions. Coincidence time resolution of the LSO/LuYAP detector modules amounts to 4.8 ns FWHM. Absolute sensitivity measured for two detector modules facing each other amounts to 0.068%, compared to 0.070% simulated for 7.1 g/cc LuYAP with 70% lutetium atomic fraction. Simulation of a 4-ring ClearPET scanner with 20 LSO/LuYAP detector modules per ring gives an absolute sensitivity of 4.42%. DOI effect is shown on a reconstructed image of a Mini-Derenzo phantom. Images of a [ <sup>18</sup>F]FDG rat brain scan are presented
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005 IEEE; 11/2005
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M. Khodaverdi,
S. Weber,
M. Streun,
Ch. Parl,
H. Larue,
G. Brandenburg,
A. Bauer,
M. Dehnhardt,
E. Auffray,
M. Boutemeur, [......],
S. Tavernier,
J. Trummer,
R. Van Holen, J.-M. Vieira,
E. Wieers,
M. Wisniewska,
D. Wisniewski,
Y. Wu,
U. Pietrzyk,
K. Ziemons
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The ClearPET™ Neuro is the first full ring scanner within the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). It consists of 80 detector modules allocated to 20 cassettes. LSO and LuYAP:Ce crystals in phoswich configuration in combination with position sensitive photomultiplier tubes are used to achieve high sensitivity and realize the acquisition of the depth of interaction (DOI) information. The complete system has been tested concerning the mechanical and electronical stability and interplay. Moreover, suitable corrections have been implemented into the reconstruction procedure to ensure high image quality. We present first results which show the successful operation of the ClearPET™ Neuro for artefact free and high resolution small animal imaging. Based on these results during the past few months the ClearPET™ Neuro System has been modified in order to optimize the performance.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005 IEEE; 11/2005
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J.-B. Mosset,
O. Devroede,
M. Krieguer,
M. Rey, J.-M. Vieira,
J.H. Jung,
C. Kuntner,
M. Streun,
K. Ziemons,
E. Auffray,
P. Sempere-Roldan,
P. Lecoq,
P. Bruyndonckx,
J.-F. Loude,
S. Tavernier,
C. Morel
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The paper describes the LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head developed for the ClearPET small animal PET scanner demonstrator that is under construction within the Crystal Clear Collaboration. The detector head consists of a dual layer of 8×8 LSO and LuYAP crystal arrays coupled to a multi-channel photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64). Equalisation of the LSO/LuYAP light collection is obtained through partial attenuation of the LSO scintillation light using a thin aluminium deposit of 20-35 nm on LSO and appropriate temperature regulation of the phoswich head between 30 to 60 °C. At 511 keV, typical FWHM energy resolutions of the pixels of a phoswich head amounts to (28±2)% for LSO and (25±2)% for LuYAP. The LSO versus LuYAP crystal identification efficiency is better than 98%. Six detector modules have been mounted on a rotating gantry. Axial and tangential spatial resolutions were measured up to 4 cm from the scanner axis and compared to Monte Carlo simulations using GATE. FWHM spatial resolution ranges from 1.3 mm on axis to 2.6 mm at 4 cm from the axis.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2004 IEEE; 11/2004
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S Jan,
G Santin,
D Strul,
S Staelens,
K Assié,
D Autret,
S Avner,
R Barbier,
M Bardiès,
P M Bloomfield, [......],
M Rey,
D R Schaart,
C R Schmidtlein,
L Simon,
T Y Song, J M Vieira,
D Visvikis,
R Van de Walle,
E Wieërs,
C Morel
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Monte Carlo simulation is an essential tool in emission tomography that can assist in the design of new medical imaging devices, the optimization of acquisition protocols and the development or assessment of image reconstruction algorithms and correction techniques. GATE, the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission, encapsulates the Geant4 libraries to achieve a modular, versatile, scripted simulation toolkit adapted to the field of nuclear medicine. In particular, GATE allows the description of time-dependent phenomena such as source or detector movement, and source decay kinetics. This feature makes it possible to simulate time curves under realistic acquisition conditions and to test dynamic reconstruction algorithms. This paper gives a detailed description of the design and development of GATE by the OpenGATE collaboration, whose continuing objective is to improve, document and validate GATE by simulating commercially available imaging systems for PET and SPECT. Large effort is also invested in the ability and the flexibility to model novel detection systems or systems still under design. A public release of GATE licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License can be downloaded at http:/www-lphe.epfl.ch/GATE/. Two benchmarks developed for PET and SPECT to test the installation of GATE and to serve as a tutorial for the users are presented. Extensive validation of the GATE simulation platform has been started, comparing simulations and measurements on commercially available acquisition systems. References to those results are listed. The future prospects towards the gridification of GATE and its extension to other domains such as dosimetry are also discussed.
Physics in Medicine and Biology 11/2004; 49(19):4543-61. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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K. Ziemons,
E. Auffray,
R. Barbier,
G. Brandenburg,
P. Bruyndonckx,
Y. Choi,
D. Christ,
N. Costes,
Y. Declais,
O. Devroede, [......],
Ch. Pedrini,
A.G. Petrosyan,
U. Pietrzyk,
M. Rey,
S. Saladino,
D. Sappey-Marinier,
L. Simon,
M. Streun,
S. Tavernier, J.M. Vieira
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A 2nd generation high performance small animal PET scanner, called ClearPET™, has been designed and a first prototype is built by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). In order to achieve high sensitivity and maintain good uniform spatial resolution over the field of view in high resolution PET systems, it is necessary to extract the depth of interaction (DOI) information and correct for spatial degradation. The design of the first ClearPET™ Demonstrator based on the use of the multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64) and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix. The two crystal layers of 8*8 crystals (2*2*10 mm<sup>3</sup>) are stacked on each other and mounted without light guide as one to one on the PMT. A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the crystal ring is 137 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm. The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. The measurements have been done using the first LSO/LuYAP detector cassettes.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE; 11/2003
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the count rate measurements obtained with the Lausanne partial ring ClearPET scanner demonstrator and compares them against GATE Monte Carlo simulations. For the present detector setup, a maximum single event count rate of 1.1 Mcps is measured or a 250–750 keV energy window. This corresponds to a coincidence count rate of approximately 22 kcps. Good agreements are observed between measured and simulated data. Count rate performance, including Noise Equivalent Count (NEC) curves, are determined and extrapolated for a full ring ClearPET design using GATE Monte Carlo simulations. For a full ring design with three rings of detector modules, NEC is peaking at about 70 kcps for 20 MBq.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 571:207-210. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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S. Jan,
G. Santin,
D. Strul,
S. Staelens,
K Assié,
D. Autret,
S. Avner,
R Barbier,
M Bardiès,
P. M. Bloomfield, [......],
M. Rey,
D.R. Schaart,
C R Schmidtlein,
L. Simon,
T.Y. Song, J M Vieira,
D Visvikis,
R. van der Walle,
E. WieËrs,
C. Morel
