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Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum 02/1988; 449:93-5.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of the topically active cholinoceptor antagonist, ipratropium, in the treatment of rhinorrhea in perennial nonallergic rhinitis, with special reference to identification of subgroups of responders and increased efficacy from high-dose therapy. Thirty-six adult patients with watery rhinorrhea as a dominant symptom completed the study, which consisted of a 2-week run-in period followed by two 3-week treatment periods with placebo and ipratropium in an ordinary dosage (80 micrograms four times a day) in a double-blind, crossover design, and, finally, an open 2-week period with high-dose therapy (400 micrograms four times a day). The number of nose blowings was 47% lower during treatment with ipratropium in the ordinary dosage than during the placebo period (p less than 0.001). There was an additional reduction during high-dose therapy that was slight but statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Ipratropium had no effect on the number of sneezes or on nasal blockage index. During ordinary-dose therapy, side effects were slight and confined to the nose, whereas the high-dose therapy caused unpleasant nasal dryness and, in a few cases, systemic side effects. It was not possible to separate responders from nonresponders by case history, physical examination, or nasal methacholine testing. It is concluded that intranasal ipratropium is effective in the treatment of watery rhinorrhea in perennial nonallergic rhinitis and that 320 micrograms a day is sufficient in most patients.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 05/1987; 79(4):585-90. · 11.00 Impact Factor
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European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement 02/1986; 143:31-4.
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ABSTRACT: To study whether a histamine H1 receptor antagonist inhibits allergic rhinitis symptoms by a peripheral or a central mode of action 21 normal volunteers were challenged with 500 micrograms histamine chloride in the right nasal cavity on four occasions after bilateral pretreatment with an H1 antihistamine spray and a placebo spray in various combinations. The H1 antihistamine (chlorpheniramine maleate, 0.5 mg) significantly inhibited histamine-induced tickling (P less than 0.01), sneezing (P = 0.01) and discharge (P less than 0.01), but only when it was given on the same side as histamine. This is highly suggestive of a local effect on sensory nerve endings, which prompts further studies on the topical use of antihistamines in the nose.
British Journal of Diseases of the Chest 05/1983; 77(2):113-22.
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ABSTRACT: The effect of an H1 antihistamine (chlorpheniramine) and an H2 antihistamine (ranitidine) nasal spray on histamine-provoked symptoms was studied in normal volunteers. Firstly it was shown that the H1 antihistamine has a marked inhibiting effect on tickling, sneezing and discharge, and secondly, that both H1 and H2 antihistamines have a weak effect on blockage. Finally, it was found that the H1 antihistamine, in the concentration used, has no demonstrable anti-cholinergic or local anaesthetic effect. It is concluded that antihistamines act locally in the nose, H1 antihistamines inhibit tickling, sneezing and hypersecretion via nervous H1 receptors, while blood vessels possess both H1 and H2 receptors.
European journal of respiratory diseases. Supplement 02/1983; 128 (Pt 1):16-20.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this experiment was to study the importance of histamine H1 and H2 receptors in the human nose. We therefore provoked 25 healthy human subjects with histamine after local pretreatment with the H1 receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine maleate, the H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine hydrochloride, and a combination of these two antihistamines. The histamine-induced increase in nasal airway resistance was 52% inhibited by combined use of the two antihistamine sprays (p less than 0.05), 22% by chlorpheniramine alone (p less than 0.05), and 29% by ranitidine. The two sprays together were significantly better than the H1 antagonists alone (p less than 0.05). These results suggest an equal importance of H1 and H2 receptors in nasal blood vessels, and an additive effect of H1 and H2 antihistamines. Although chlorpheniramine effectively blocked tickling and the reflex-mediated symptoms, sneezing and hypersecretion, ranitidine had no effect, which suggests an H1 and not an H2 effect on sensory nerve endings in the airway epithelium.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 10/1982; 70(3):211-8. · 11.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Earlier studies have shown that intranasal chlorpheniramine (0.77%) can inhibit histamine-induced tickling, sneezing, and hypersecretion by a local effect on nerve fibres. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this solution had local anaesthetic of parasympatholytic properties. If neither of these properties are present it suggests that the anti-pruritic effects of the solution are caused by inhibition of H1 receptors, which in turn is indirect evidence for the presence of H1 receptors on nerve fibers. In a double-blind design 15 normal subjects were provoked with histamine in the eye after pretreatment with chlorpheniramine or with a local anaesthetic, oxybuprocain. Both drugs inhibited itching, but the H1 antihistamine was significantly more effective than the local anaesthetic (P less than 0.01). Corneal sensitivity was measured by an esthesiometer, and pupil difference was used as a measure for atropine activity. Chlorpheniramine had neither a local anaesthetic nor a parasympatholytic effect. This study has therefore strengthened the hypothesis that there are nervous H1 receptors in the mucous membranes of the eye and airways and has extended its application in animals to also include man.
Allergy 05/1982; 37(3):203-8. · 6.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To study whether a histamine H1 receptor antagonist inhibits allergic rhinitis symptoms by a peripheral or a central mode of action 21 normal volunteers were challenged with 500 μg histamine chloride in the right nasal cavity on four occasions after bilateral pretreatment with an H1 antihistamine spray and a placebo spray in various combinations. The H1 antihistamine (chlorpheniramine maleate, 0.5 mg) significantly inhibited histamine-induced tickling (P < 0.01), sneezing (P = 0.01) and discharge (P < 0.01), but only when it was given on the same side as histamine. This is highly suggestive of a local effect on sensory nerve endings, which prompts further studies on the topical use of antihistamines in the nose.
British Journal of Diseases of the Chest.
