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Naoya Mimura,
Mariateresa Fulciniti,
Gullu Gorgun,
Yu-Tzu Tai,
Diana Cirstea,
Loredana Santo,
Yiguo Hu,
Claire Fabre,
Jiro Minami,
Hiroto Ohguchi, [......],
Victor Tam,
Nathalie L Kertesz,
Uriel M Malyankar,
Mark Hokenson,
Tuan Pham,
Qingping Zeng,
John B Patterson,
Paul G Richardson,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Multiple myeloma (MM) cells are characterized by high protein synthesis resulting in chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is adaptively managed by the unfolded protein response. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) is activated to splice X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA, thereby increasing XBP1s protein, which in turn regulates genes responsible for protein folding and degradation during the unfolded protein response. In this study, we examined whether IRE1α-XBP1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target in MM using a small-molecule IRE1α endoribonuclease domain inhibitor MKC-3946. MKC-3946 triggered modest growth inhibition in MM cell lines, without toxicity in normal mononuclear cells. Importantly, it significantly enhanced cytotoxicity induced by bortezomib or 17-AAG, even in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells or exogenous IL-6. Both bortezomib and 17-AAG induced ER stress, evidenced by induction of XBP1s, which was blocked by MKC-3946. Apoptosis induced by these agents was enhanced by MKC-3946, associated with increased CHOP. Finally, MKC-3946 inhibited XBP1 splicing in a model of ER stress in vivo, associated with significant growth inhibition of MM cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that blockade of XBP1 splicing by inhibition of IRE1α endoribonuclease domain is a potential therapeutic option in MM.
Blood 04/2012; 119(24):5772-81. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Hiroshi Ikeda,
Teru Hideshima,
Mariateresa Fulciniti,
Giulia Perrone,
Naoya Miura,
Hiroshi Yasui,
Yutaka Okawa,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Loredana Santo,
Sonia Vallet,
Diana Cristea,
Elisabetta Calabrese,
Gullu Gorgun,
Noopur S Raje,
Paul Richardson,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Brian J Lannutti,
Kamal D Puri,
Neill A Giese,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we demonstrate expression and examined the biologic sequelae of PI3K/p110delta signaling in multiple myeloma (MM). Knockdown of p110delta by small interfering RNA caused significant inhibition of MM cell growth. Similarly, p110delta specific small molecule inhibitor CAL-101 triggered cytotoxicity against LB and INA-6 MM cell lines and patient MM cells, associated with inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. In contrast, CAL-101 did not inhibit survival of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CAL-101 overcame MM cell growth conferred by interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor-1, and bone marrow stromal cell coculture. Interestingly, inhibition of p110delta potently induced autophagy. The in vivo inhibition of p110delta with IC488743 was evaluated in 2 murine xenograft models of human MM: SCID mice bearing human MM cells subcutaneously and the SCID-hu model, in which human MM cells are injected within a human bone chip implanted subcutaneously in SCID mice. IC488743 significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged host survival in both models. Finally, combined CAL-101 with bortezomib induced synergistic cytotoxicity against MM cells. Our studies therefore show that PI3K/p110delta is a novel therapeutic target in MM and provide the basis for clinical evaluation of CAL-101 to improve patient outcome in MM.
Blood 09/2010; 116(9):1460-8. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Diana Cirstea,
Teru Hideshima,
Scott Rodig,
Loredana Santo,
Samantha Pozzi,
Sonia Vallet, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Giulia Perrone,
Gullu Gorgun,
Kishan Patel,
Neil Desai,
Peter Sportelli,
Shweta Kapoor,
Shireen Vali,
Siddhartha Mukherjee,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Kenneth C Anderson,
Noopur Raje
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway mediates multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation, survival, and development of drug resistance, underscoring the role of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, with potential anti-MM activity. However, recent data show a positive feedback loop from mTOR/S6K1 to Akt, whereby Akt activation confers resistance to mTOR inhibitors. We confirmed that suppression of mTOR signaling in MM cells by rapamycin was associated with upregulation of Akt phosphorylation. We hypothesized that inhibiting this positive feedback by a potent Akt inhibitor perifosine would augment rapamycin-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells. Perifosine inhibited rapamycin-induced phosphorylated Akt, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity in MM.1S cells even in the presence of interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor-I, or bone marrow stromal cells. Moreover, rapamycin-induced autophagy in MM.1S MM cells, as evidenced by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, was augmented by perifosine. Combination therapy increased apoptosis detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide analysis and caspase/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Importantly, in vivo antitumor activity and prolongation of survival in a MM mouse xenograft model after treatment was enhanced with combination of nanoparticle albumin-bound-rapamycin and perifosine. Utilizing the in silico predictive analysis, we confirmed our experimental findings of this drug combination on PI3K, Akt, mTOR kinases, and the caspases. Our data suggest that mutual suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by rapamycin and perifosine combination induces synergistic MM cell cytotoxicity, providing the rationale for clinical trials in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 963-75. (c)2010 AACR.
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 04/2010; 9(4):963-75. · 5.23 Impact Factor
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Güllü Görgün,
Elisabetta Calabrese,
Teru Hideshima,
Jeffrey Ecsedy,
Giulia Perrone,
Mala Mani, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Giada Bianchi,
Yiguo Hu,
Diana Cirstea,
Loredana Santo,
Yu-Tzu Tai,
Sabikun Nahar,
Mei Zheng,
Madhavi Bandi,
Ruben D Carrasco,
Noopur Raje,
Nikhil Munshi,
Paul Richardson,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Aurora-A is a mitotic kinase that regulates mitotic spindle formation and segregation. In multiple myeloma (MM), high Aurora-A gene expression has been correlated with centrosome amplification and proliferation; thus, inhibition of Aurora-A in MM may prove to be therapeutically beneficial. Here we assess the in vitro and in vivo anti-MM activity of MLN8237, a small-molecule Aurora-A kinase inhibitor. Treatment of cultured MM cells with MLN8237 results in mitotic spindle abnormalities, mitotic accumulation, as well as inhibition of cell proliferation through apoptosis and senescence. In addition, MLN8237 up-regulates p53 and tumor suppressor genes p21 and p27. Combining MLN8237 with dexamethasone, doxorubicin, or bortezomib induces synergistic/additive anti-MM activity in vitro. In vivo anti-MM activity of MLN8237 was confirmed using a xenograft-murine model of human-MM. Tumor burden was significantly reduced (P = .007) and overall survival was significantly increased (P < .005) in animals treated with 30 mg/kg MLN8237 for 21 days. Induction of apoptosis and cell death by MLN8237 were confirmed in tumor cells excised from treated animals by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. MLN8237 is currently in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials in patients with advanced malignancies, and our preclinical results suggest that MLN8237 may be a promising novel targeted therapy in MM.
Blood 04/2010; 115(25):5202-13. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Teru Hideshima,
Constantine Mitsiades, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Dharminder Chauhan,
Noopur Raje,
Gullu Gorgun,
Hiromasa Hideshima,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Paul G Richardson,
Daniel R Carrasco,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Constitutive B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) expression was undetectable in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, except U266 cells. However, it was up-regulated by coculture with bone marrow (BM) stromal cell-culture supernatant (SCCS). Bcl-6 expression in patient MM cells in the BM was positive. Anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6)-neutralizing antibody significantly blocked SCCS-induced Bcl-6 in MM cells. Indeed, IL-6 strongly triggered Bcl-6 expression in MM cells, whereas Janus kinase inhibitor and STAT3 siRNA down-regulated Bcl-6. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) also triggered Bcl-6, but independently of STAT3, whereas IkappaB kinasebeta inhibitor down-regulated TNF-alpha-induced Bcl-6, indicating that the canonical nuclear factor-kappaB pathway mediates TNF-alpha-induced Bcl-6 expression. Importantly, down-regulation of Bcl-6 by shRNA significantly inhibited MM cell growth in the presence of SCCS. Our results therefore suggest that Bcl-6 expression in MM cells is modulated, at least in part, via Janus kinase/STAT3 and canonical nuclear factor-kappaB pathways and that targeting Bcl-6, either directly or via these cascades, inhibits MM cell growth in the BM milieu.
Blood 03/2010; 115(18):3772-5. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Mala Mani,
Daniel E Carrasco,
Yunyu Zhang,
Kohichi Takada,
Moshe E Gatt,
Jui Dutta-Simmons, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Felipe Diaz-Griffero,
Victor Pena-Cruz,
Monica Bertagnolli,
Lois L Myeroff,
Sanford D Markowitz,
Kenneth C Anderson,
Daniel R Carrasco
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Several components of the Wnt signaling cascade have been shown to function either as tumor suppressor proteins or as oncogenes in multiple human cancers, underscoring the relevance of this pathway in oncogenesis and the need for further investigation of Wnt signaling components as potential targets for cancer therapy. Here, using expression profiling analysis as well as in vitro and in vivo functional studies, we show that the Wnt pathway component BCL9 is a novel oncogene that is aberrantly expressed in human multiple myeloma as well as colon carcinoma. We show that BCL9 enhances beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity regardless of the mutational status of the Wnt signaling components and increases cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the metastatic potential of tumor cells by promoting loss of epithelial and gain of mesenchymal-like phenotype. Most importantly, BCL9 knockdown significantly increased the survival of xenograft mouse models of cancer by reducing tumor load, metastasis, and host angiogenesis through down-regulation of c-Myc, cyclin D1, CD44, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression by tumor cells. Together, these findings suggest that deregulation of BCL9 is an important contributing factor to tumor progression. The pleiotropic roles of BCL9 reported in this study underscore its value as a drug target for therapeutic intervention in several malignancies associated with aberrant Wnt signaling.
Cancer Research 10/2009; 69(19):7577-86. · 7.86 Impact Factor
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Samantha Pozzi,
Sonia Vallet,
Siddhartha Mukherjee,
Diana Cirstea,
Nileshwari Vaghela,
Loredana Santo,
Eyal Rosen, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Yutaka Okawa,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Jesse Schoonmaker,
Wanling Xie,
Teru Hideshima,
Edie Weller,
Mary L Bouxsein,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Kenneth C Anderson,
Noopur Raje
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The increasing incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw and its possible association with high cumulative doses of bisphosphonate led us to study the effects of high doses of zoledronic acid (ZA) on bone remodeling.
Five-week-old C57BL6 mice were treated with saline or ZA weekly for 3 weeks at increasing doses (0.05-1 mg/Kg). Effects of ZA on bone remodeling were studied using standard assays.
We observed an increase in bone mineral density and content in treated animals at doses of 0.05 mg/Kg, which was not further enhanced at higher doses of ZA. Trabecular bone volume at the proximal tibia and the distal femur assessed by histomorphometry and microCT, respectively, increased significantly in ZA-treated groups. There was however no difference between 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, suggesting a ceiling effect for ZA. ZA led to decreased numbers of osteoclasts and osteoblasts per bone perimeter that paralleled a significant reduction of serum levels of TRAC5b and osteocalcin in vivo. Effects on osteoblasts were confirmed in in vitro assays. Mechanical testing of the femur showed increased brittleness in ZA-treated mice.
High doses of ZA inhibit both osteoclast and osteoblasts function and bone remodeling in vivo interfering with bone mechanical properties. No dose response was noted beyond 0.5 mg/kg suggesting that lower doses of ZA may be adequate in inhibiting bone resorption. Our data may help inform future studies of ZA use with respect to alternate and lower doses in the treatment of patients with cancer bone disease.
Clinical Cancer Research 10/2009; 15(18):5829-39. · 7.74 Impact Factor
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Hiroshi Ikeda,
Teru Hideshima,
Mariateresa Fulciniti,
Robert J Lutz,
Hiroshi Yasui,
Yutaka Okawa,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Sonia Vallet,
Samantha Pozzi,
Loredana Santo, [......],
Yu-Tzu Tai,
Diana Cirstea,
Noopur S Raje,
Christoph Uherek,
Benjamin Dälken,
Silke Aigner,
Frank Osterroth,
Nikhil Munshi,
Paul Richardson,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We investigated the antitumor effect of murine/human chimeric CD138-specific monoclonal antibody nBT062 conjugated with highly cytotoxic maytansinoid derivatives against multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and in vivo.
We examined the growth inhibitory effect of BT062-SPDB-DM4, BT062-SMCC-DM1, and BT062-SPP-DM1 against MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients. We also examined in vivo activity of these agents in murine MM cell xenograft model of human and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing implant bone chips injected with human MM cells (SCID-hu model).
Anti-CD138 immunoconjugates significantly inhibited growth of MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients without cytotoxicity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. In MM cells, they induced G(2)-M cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis associated with cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Nonconjugated nBT062 completely blocked cytotoxicity induced by nBT062-maytansinoid conjugate, confirming that specific binding is required for inducing cytotoxicity. Moreover, nBT062-maytansinoid conjugates blocked adhesion of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells. The coculture of MM cells with bone marrow stromal cells protects against dexamethasone-induced death but had no effect on the cytotoxicity of immunoconjugates. Importantly, nBT062-SPDB-DM4 and nBT062-SPP-DM1 significantly inhibited MM tumor growth in vivo and prolonged host survival in both the xenograft mouse models of human MM and SCID-hu mouse model.
These results provide the preclinical framework supporting evaluation of nBT062-maytansinoid derivatives in clinical trials to improve patient outcome in MM.
Clinical Cancer Research 07/2009; 15(12):4028-37. · 7.74 Impact Factor
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Teru Hideshima, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Dharminder Chauhan,
Yutaka Okawa,
Noopur Raje,
Klaus Podar,
Constantine Mitsiades,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Paul G Richardson,
Ruben D Carrasco,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with remarkable preclinical and clinical antitumor activity in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The initial rationale for its use in MM was inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity by blocking proteasomal degradation of inhibitor of kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha). Bortezomib inhibits inducible NF-kappaB activity; however, its impact on constitutive NF-kappaB activity in MM cells has not yet been defined. In this study, we demonstrate that bortezomib significantly down-regulated IkappaBalpha expression and triggered NF-kappaB activation in MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients. Importantly, no inhibition of p65 (RelA) nuclear translocation was recognized after bortezomib treatment in a murine xenograft model bearing human MM cells. Bortezomib-induced NF-kappaB activation was mediated via the canonical pathway. Moreover, other classes of proteasome inhibitors also induced IkappaBalpha down-regulation associated with NF-kappaB activation. Molecular mechanisms whereby bortezomib induced IkappaBalpha down-regulation were further examined. Bortezomib triggered phosphorylation of IkappaB kinase (IKKbeta) and its upstream receptor-interacting protein 2, whereas IKKbeta inhibitor MLN120B blocked bortezomib-induced IkappaBalpha down-regulation and NF-kappaB activation, indicating receptor-interacting protein 2/IKKbeta signaling plays crucial role in bortezomib-induced NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, IKKbeta inhibitors enhanced bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity. Our studies therefore suggest that bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity cannot be fully attributed to inhibition of canonical NF-kappaB activity in MM cells.
Blood 06/2009; 114(5):1046-52. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Teru Hideshima,
Dharminder Chauhan,
Tanyel Kiziltepe, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Yutaka Okawa,
Klaus Podar,
Noopur Raje,
Alexei Protopopov,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Paul G Richardson,
Ruben D Carrasco,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has an important role in multiple myeloma (MM) cell pathogenesis in the context of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. In NF-kappaB signaling cascades, IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) and IKKbeta are key molecules that predominantly mediate noncanonical and canonical pathways, respectively. In this study, we examined the biologic sequelae of the inhibition of IKKalpha versus IKKbeta in MM cell lines. All MM cell lines have constitutive canonical NF-kappaB activity, and a subset of MM cell lines shows noncanonical NF-kappaB activity. Adhesion to BM stromal cells further activates both canonical and noncanonical NF-kappaB activity. IKKbeta inhibitor MLN120B blocks canonical pathway and growth of MM cell lines but does not inhibit the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway. Although IKKalpha knockdown induces significant growth inhibition in the cell lines with both canonical and noncanonical pathways, it does not inhibit NF-kappaB activation. Importantly, IKKalpha down-regulation decreases expression of beta-catenin and aurora-A, which are known to mediate MM cell growth and survival. Finally, IKKbeta inhibitor enhances the growth inhibition triggered by IKKalpha down-regulation in MM cells with both canonical and noncanonical NF-kappaB activity. Combination therapy targeting these kinases therefore represents a promising treatment strategy in MM.
Blood 04/2009; 113(21):5228-36. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Yutaka Okawa,
Teru Hideshima,
Paul Steed,
Sonia Vallet,
Steven Hall,
Ken Huang,
John Rice,
Amy Barabasz,
Brianna Foley, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Noopur Raje,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Hiroshi Yasui,
Sotaro Enatsu,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) acts as a molecular chaperone required for maintaining the conformational stability of client proteins regulating cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Here we investigate the biologic significance of Hsp90 inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) and other hematologic tumors using an orally available novel small molecule inhibitor SNX-2112, which exhibits unique activities relative to 17-allyamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG). SNX-2112 triggers growth inhibition and is more potent than 17-AAG against MM and other malignancies. It induces apoptosis via caspase-8, -9, -3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. SNX-2112 inhibits cytokine-induced Akt and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) activation and also overcomes the growth advantages conferred by interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor-1, and bone marrow stromal cells. Importantly, SNX-2112 inhibits tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells via abrogation of eNOS/Akt pathway and markedly inhibits osteoclast formation via down-regulation of ERK/c-fos and PU.1. Finally, SNX-2112, delivered by its prodrug SNX-5422, inhibits MM cell growth and prolongs survival in a xenograft murine model. Our results indicate that blockade of Hsp90 by SNX-2112 not only inhibits MM cell growth but also acts in the bone marrow microenvironment to block angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our data provide the framework for clinical studies of SNX-2112 to improve patient outcome in MM and other hematologic malignancies.
Blood 11/2008; 113(4):846-55. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Constitutive activation of the transcription factor STAT3 contributes to the pathogenesis of many cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). Since STAT3 is dispensable in most normal tissue, targeted inhibition of STAT3 is an attractive therapy for patients with these cancers. To identify STAT3 inhibitors, we developed a transcriptionally based assay and screened a library of compounds known to be safe in humans. We found the drug nifuroxazide to be an effective inhibitor of STAT3 function. Nifuroxazide inhibits the constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 in MM cells by reducing Jak kinase autophosphorylation, and leads to down-regulation of the STAT3 target gene Mcl-1. Nifuroxazide causes a decrease in viability of primary myeloma cells and myeloma cell lines containing STAT3 activation, but not normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Although bone marrow stromal cells provide survival signals to myeloma cells, nifuroxazide can overcome this survival advantage. Reflecting the interaction of STAT3 with other cellular pathways, nifuroxazide shows enhanced cytotoxicity when combined with either the histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide or the MEK inhibitor UO126. Therefore, using a mechanistic-based screen, we identified the clinically relevant drug nifuroxazide as a potent inhibitor of STAT signaling that shows cytotoxicity against myeloma cells that depend on STAT3 for survival.
Blood 10/2008; 112(13):5095-102. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Yutaka Okawa,
Teru Hideshima, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Noopur Raje,
Sonia Vallet,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Hiroshi Yasui,
Sotaro Enatsu,
Samantha Pozzi,
Iris Breitkreutz,
Diana Cirstea,
Loredana Santo,
Paul Richardson,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the biological significance of the inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in multiple myeloma (MM) using the small molecule inhibitor Cerulenin. Cerulenin triggered growth inhibition in both MM cell lines and MM patient cells, and overcame the survival and growth advantages conferred by interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor-1, and bone marrow stromal cells. It induced apoptosis in MM cell lines with only modest activation of caspase -8, -9, -3 and PARP; moreover, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK did not inhibit Cerulenin-induced apoptosis and cell death. In addition, treatment of MM cells with Cerulenin primarily up-regulated apoptosis-inducing factor/endonuclease G, mediators of caspase-independent apoptosis. Importantly, Cerulenin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response via up-regulation of the Grp78/IRE1alpha/JNK pathway. Although the C-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600215 blocked Cerulenin-induced cytotoxicity, it did not inhibit apoptosis and caspase cleavage. Furthermore, Cerulenin showed synergistic cytotoxic effects with various agents including Bortezomib, Melphalan and Doxorubicin. Our results therefore indicate that inhibition of FAS by Cerulenin primarily triggered caspase-independent apoptosis and JNK-dependent cytotoxicity in MM cells. This report demonstrated that inhibition of FAS has anti-tumour activity against MM cells, suggesting that it represents a novel therapeutic target in MM.
British Journal of Haematology 06/2008; 141(5):659-71. · 4.94 Impact Factor
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Sonia Vallet,
Noopur Raje,
Kenji Ishitsuka,
Teru Hideshima,
Klaus Podar,
Shweta Chhetri,
Samantha Pozzi,
Iris Breitkreutz,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Hiroshi Yasui, [......],
Norihiko Shiraishi,
Janice Jin,
Yutaka Okawa, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Siddhartha Mukherjee,
Nileshwari Vaghela,
Diana Cirstea,
Marco Ladetto,
Mario Boccadoro,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The interaction between osteoclasts (OCs) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MM-related osteolytic bone disease (OBD). MM cells promote OC formation and, in turn, OCs enhance MM cell proliferation. Chemokines are mediators of MM effects on bone and vice versa; in particular, CCL3 enhances OC formation and promotes MM cell migration and survival. Here, we characterize the effects of MLN3897, a novel specific antagonist of the chemokine receptor CCR1, on both OC formation and OC-MM cell interactions. MLN3897 demonstrates significant impairment of OC formation (by 40%) and function (by 70%), associated with decreased precursor cell multinucleation and down-regulation of c-fos signaling. OCs secrete high levels of CCL3, which triggers MM cell migration; conversely, MLN3897 abrogates its effects by inhibiting Akt signaling. Moreover, MM cell-to-OC adhesion was abrogated by MLN3897, thereby inhibiting MM cell survival and proliferation. Our results therefore show novel biologic sequelae of CCL3 and its inhibition in both osteoclastogenesis and MM cell growth, providing the preclinical rationale for clinical trials of MLN3897 to treat OBD in MM.
Blood 12/2007; 110(10):3744-52. · 9.90 Impact Factor
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Teru Hideshima,
Laurence Catley,
Noopur Raje,
Dharminder Chauhan,
Klaus Podar,
Constantine Mitsiades,
Yu-Tzu Tai,
Sonia Vallet,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Enrique Ocio, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Yutaka Okawa,
Hiromasa Hideshima,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Hiroshi Yasui,
Paul G Richardson,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Akt mediates growth and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We have shown that a novel Akt inhibitor Perifosine induces significant cytotoxicity in MM cells in the BM milieu. This study further delineated molecular mechanisms whereby Perifosine triggered cytotoxicity in MM cells. Neither the intensity of Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase phosphorylation nor caspase/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage correlated with Perifosine-induced cytotoxicity in MM.1S, INA6, OPM1 and OPM2 MM cells. However, survivin, which regulates caspase-3 activity, was markedly downregulated by Perifosine treatment, without changes in other anti-apoptotic proteins. Downregulation of survivin by siRNA significantly inhibited OPM1 MM cell growth, confirming that survivin mediates MM cell survival. Perifosine significantly downregulated both function and protein expression of beta-catenin. Co-culture with BM stromal cells (BMSCs) upregulated both beta-catenin and survivin expression in MM cells, which was blocked by Perifosine. Importantly, Perifosine treatment also downregulated survivin expression in human MM cells grown in vivo in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenograft model. Finally, Perifosine inhibited bortezomib-induced upregulation of survivin, associated with enhanced cytotoxicity of combined bortezomib and Perifosine treatment. These preclinical studies provide the framework for clinical trials of bortezomib with Perifosine to improve patient outcome in MM.
British Journal of Haematology 10/2007; 138(6):783-91. · 4.94 Impact Factor
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Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Teru Hideshima,
Laurence Catley,
Noopur Raje,
Hiroshi Yasui,
Norihiko Shiraishi,
Yutaka Okawa, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Sonia Vallet,
Samantha Pozzi,
Kenji Ishitsuka,
Enrique M Ocio,
Dharminder Chauhan,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of 5-azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, against multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and characterized DNA damage-related mechanisms of cell death. 5-Azacytidine showed significant cytotoxicity against both conventional therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant MM cell lines, as well as multidrug-resistant patient-derived MM cells, with IC(50) of approximately 0.8-3 micromol/L. Conversely, 5-azacytidine was not cytotoxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells or patient-derived bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) at these doses. Importantly, 5-azacytidine overcame the survival and growth advantages conferred by exogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), or by adherence of MM cells to BMSCs. 5-Azacytidine treatment induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses, as evidenced by H2AX, Chk2, and p53 phosphorylations, and apoptosis of MM cells. 5-Azacytidine-induced apoptosis was both caspase dependent and independent, with caspase 8 and caspase 9 cleavage; Mcl-1 cleavage; Bax, Puma, and Noxa up-regulation; as well as release of AIF and EndoG from the mitochondria. Finally, we show that 5-azacytidine-induced DNA DSB responses were mediated predominantly by ATR, and that doxorubicin, as well as bortezomib, synergistically enhanced 5-azacytidine-induced MM cell death. Taken together, these data provide the preclinical rationale for the clinical evaluation of 5-azacytidine, alone and in combination with doxorubicin and bortezomib, to improve patient outcome in MM.
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 07/2007; 6(6):1718-27. · 5.23 Impact Factor
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Hiroshi Yasui,
Teru Hideshima, Hiroshi Ikeda,
Janice Jin,
Enrique M Ocio,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Yutaka Okawa,
Sonia Vallet,
Klaus Podar,
Kenji Ishitsuka,
Paul G Richardson,
Chris Pargellis,
Neil Moss,
Noopur Raje,
Kenneth C Anderson
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: We have previously shown that heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 or its upstream activator p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) confers resistance to bortezomib and dexamethasone (Dex) in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. This study examined anti-MM activity of a novel p38 MAPK inhibitor, BIRB 796, alone and in combination with conventional and novel therapeutic agents. BIRB 796 blocked baseline and bortezomib-triggered upregulation of p38 MAPK and Hsp27 phosphorylation, thereby enhancing cytotoxicity and caspase activation. The Hsp90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG) upregulated protein expression and phosphorylation of Hsp27; conversely, BIRB 796 inhibited this phosphorylation and enhanced 17-AAG-induced cytotoxicity. Importantly, BIRB 796 inhibited Hsp27 phosphorylation induced by 17-AAG plus bortezomib, thereby enhancing cytotoxicity. In bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), BIRB 796 inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor triggered by either tumour necrosis factor-alpha or tumour growth factor-beta1. BIRB 796 also inhibited IL-6 secretion induced in BMSCs by adherence to MM cells, thereby inhibiting tumour cell proliferation. These studies therefore suggest that BIRB 796 overcomes drug-resistance in the BM microenvironment, providing the framework for clinical trials of a p38 MAPK inhibitor, alone and in combination with bortezomib, Hsp90 inhibitor, or Dex, to improve patient outcome in MM.
British Journal of Haematology 03/2007; 136(3):414-23. · 4.94 Impact Factor
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Hiroshi Ikeda,
Teru Hideshima,
Robert J. Lutz,
Hiroshi Yasui,
Yutaka Okawa,
Tanyel Kiziltepe,
Sonia Vallet,
Samantha Pozzi,
Loredana Santo,
Giulia Perrone, [......],
Yu-Tzu Tai,
Diana Cristea,
Noopur S Raje,
Christoph Uherek,
Benjamin Dälken,
Silkie Aigner,
Frank Osterroth,
Nikhil C Munshi,
Paul Richardson,
Kenneth C Anderson
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ABSTRACT: CD138 (Syndecan1) is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In this study, we examined the anti-MM effect of murine/human chimeric CD138-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) nBT062 conjugated with highly cytotoxic maytansinoid derivatives _in vitro_ and _in vivo_. These agents significantly inhibited growth of CD138-positive MM cell lines and primary tumor cells from MM patients, without cytotoxicity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. In MM cells, they induced G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis associated with cleavage of PARP and caspase-3, -8 and -9. Non-conjugated nBT062 completely blocked cytotoxicity induced by nBT062-maytansinoid conjugate, confirming that binding is required for inducing cytotoxicity. Moreover, nBT062-maytansinoid conjugates blocked adhesion of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Co-culture of MM cells with BMSCs, which protects against dexamethasone-induced death, had no impact on the cytotoxicity of the immunoconjugates. Importantly, nBT062-SPDB-DM4 and nBT062-SPP-DM1 significantly inhibited MM tumor growth _in vivo_ in both human multiple myeloma xenograft mouse models and in SCID-human bone grafts (SCID-hu mouse model). These studies provide the preclinical framework supporting evaluation of nBT062-maytansinoid derivatives in clinical trials to improve patient outcome in MM.
Nature Precedings.
