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ABSTRACT: Although arachnoid granulations (AGs) were initially described by Pacchioni more than 300 years ago, they are still poorly described, especially those in middle cranial fossa. The aim of this study was to identify anatomical features of AGs in middle cranial fossa of cadaver and compare such features with that of 64-slice computed tomography.
The study involved anatomical dissection of 33 adult cadaveric heads and computed tomographic (CT) examinations of 40 patients with various intracranial diseases. The number, size, distribution, and morphology of the AGs in middle cranial fossa of the cadavers and patients were examined and compared.
The number of AGs observed on the middle cranial fossa of the cadaveric specimens was greater than that of the patients (P < 0.05). While anatomic dissection revealed a total of 228 AGs in 24 of 33 cadaveric heads, CT scans demonstrated only 80 AGs in 23 of 40 patients. In cadavers, the AGs occurred in the following sites in order of frequency: the middle meningeal sinus (144 AGs, 63.2%), sphenoparietal sinus (47 AGs, 20.6%), lateral foramen rotundum (19 AGs, 8.3%), and cavernous sinus (18 AGs, 7.9%). In CT images, the AGs occurred in the following sites in order of frequency: the middle meningeal sinus (50 AGs, 62.5%), sphenoparietal sinus (23 AGs, 28.8%), and lateral foramen rotundum (7 AGs, 8.8%). The AGs of cavernous sinus and venous lacunae adjacent to the middle meningeal sinus were hardly identified on CT images. Most of the AGs were spherical or finger-like in shape. Histologically, the AGs can be divided into two types: single type and lobulated type.
The study provides a detailed description of AGs in or near the middle meningeal sinus, sphenoparietal sinus, lateral foramen rotundum, and cavernous sinus. It also reveals a difference in the ability of detecting cranial AGs between microanatomy and CT scans.
Anatomia Clinica 10/2010; 33(3):215-21. · 0.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Understanding of the intracranial venous anatomy is essential for preoperative planning.
To identify anatomic features of the dural entrance of the bridging veins (BVs) into the dural sinuses in the middle cranial fossa on the cadaver and to correlate such features with those of digital subtraction venogram, computed tomographic venogram, and magnetic resonance venogram.
A total of 30 adult cadavers and 86 patients were examined with anatomic dissection or neuroimages. The number, diameter, and location of the BVs entering the dural sinuses in the middle cranial fossa were recorded and compared between the cadavers and neuroimages. The dural entrances of the BVs were identifiable on neuroimages and distributed mainly at the anteromedial area of the fossa. Morphological features of the dural sinuses and meningeal veins in the fossa indicated that the techniques of lengthening the BV by dissecting it away from the dura mater or cutting a small area of the dura along the sides of the BV may not be applicable for the management of BVs in the anteromedial middle cranial fossa.
Unique anatomic features of the dural entrance of BVs entering the dural sinuses in the cadaver are correlated to those on neuroimages. Identification of the dural entrance of BVs with neuroimaging modalities provides a reliable measure for preoperative planning.
Neurosurgery 09/2010; 67(3 Suppl Operative):ons9-15; discussion ons15. · 2.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Understanding the anatomy of the transverse sinus and its associated bridging veins (BVs) is essential to approaching the posterior and middle incisural space. The venous phase of neuroimages has received increasing attention in preoperative planning. The aims of this study are to identify anatomic features of the dural entrance of the BVs into the transverse sinus on the cadaver and to correlate such features with those of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computed tomographic venography (CTV), and magnetic resonance venography (MRV).
A total of 30 adult cadavers and 76 patients were examined through anatomic dissection and DSA, CTV, and MRV, respectively. The number, diameter, and location of the BVs entering the sinus were measured, and comparisons were made between the cadavers and neuroimages.
We found that the way BVs entered the transverse sinus varied but was identifiable in DSA, CTV, and MRV images. Compared with the cadavers, DSA, CTV, and MRV revealed less than 50% of the BV entering the sinus because the smaller BVs were not seen on the neuroimages. However, the distribution pattern of the dural entrance of the BVs into the transverse sinus was relatively consistent between cadavers and neuroimages.
Unique anatomic features of the dural entrance of a BV into the transverse sinus in the cadaver correspond to those evident in neuroimages; thus, identification of the dural entrance of the BVs with neuroimaging modalities provides a reliable measure for preoperative planning.
Neurosurgery 06/2008; 62(5 Suppl 2):ONS289-95; discussion ONS295-6. · 2.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Three-dimensional reconstruction of maximum intensity projection (MIP) might document objectively, stereoscopically and directly the minute structures of the membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus. In this study, we establish magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement criteria of the inner ear in Chinese adults.
The goal of this study was to provide an anatomic basis for otolosurgery and neurosurgery in Chinese adults.
Sixteen healthy volunteer subjects were scanned by a GE-signa 1.5T MRI scanner. All original images were transferred to an MRI workstation and all the structures of the inner ear were reconstructed, rotated at various angles and measured with an MIP program.
Anatomic structures of the membranous labyrinth and internal auditory meatus were well demonstrated in MIP images in all volunteers. All inner ear structures including utricle, saccule, cochlear duct, internal auditory meatus and three semicircular ducts produced high intensity signals.
Acta Oto-Laryngologica 12/2007; 127(11):1150-6. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Intracranial venous structures have received increasing attention due to improved neuroimaging techniques and increased awareness of cerebral venous disease. To date, few studies have attempted to investigate the dural entrance of the cerebral bridging vein (BV). The aim of this study was to use the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) as an example to identify anatomical features of the dural entrance of the BVs into the SSS in both human cadavers and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images.
A total of 30 adult and 7 fetal human cadavers and 36 patients were examined with anatomical dissections, vascular casting and DSA. The number, diameter and angle of the BVs entering the SSS were measured and compared between the cadavers and DSA images.
The results demonstrated that (1) the way a BV entered the SSS varied in three dimensions, and thus the BV dural entrance was difficult to precisely localize by DSA, (2) the distribution pattern of the dural entrance of the BVs into the SSS was relatively constant and a nontributary segment of the SSS was centered at the coronal suture and was identifiable by DSA, and (3) nearly all the BVs (97%, 561/581) entered the SSS at an angle opposite to the direction of blood flow.
Unique anatomical features of the dural entrance of a BV into the SSS should be considered in neuroimaging interpretation of the sinus and its associated veins.
Neuroradiology 03/2007; 49(2):169-75. · 2.82 Impact Factor
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Control and Automation, 2002. ICCA. Final Program and Book of Abstracts. The 2002 International Conference on; 02/2002
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ABSTRACT: To provide anatomic evidence for identification of "holy plane" between fascia propria and its adjacent fascias in total mesorectal excision.
A total of 26 pelvic specimens of adult male preserved in 10% formalin solution were used in this study. Twenty pelvises were employed for topographic anatomy, six for sectional anatomy.
Rectovesical septum was formed by the ventral part of the fascia propria and Denonvilliers' fascia, with no blood vessel and nerve coursed between two layers. Dorsal part of the fascia propria parallelled with the presacral fascia, with no blood vessel and nerve coursed between two layers in 80% of the pelvises. However, anatomic variations was encountered occasionally--with muscle-like tissue or fusion of presacral fascia interposed between them for 20%. The lateral space of rectum was between lateral part of the fascia propria and parietal fascia which witnessed pelvic nerve plexus and lateral ligament of the rectum traveling. Pelvic nerve plexus was categorized as two types according the relation between fascia propria and nerve plexus: fusion type accounting for 85% and rarefaction type for 15%.
'holy plane' is sandwiched between the fascia propria and its adjacent fascia--ventrally Denonvilliers fascia, dorsally presacral fascia and laterally parietal fascia.
Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery 14(1):44-7.
