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ABSTRACT: Nutrition is a critical issue in the management of patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Malnutrition is common among these patients and affects their survival and quality of life. A basic knowledge of the nutritional management of stage 5 CKD is essential for all members of the nephrology team to improve patient care. This paper demonstrates that the needs of haemodialysis patients are more complex than those receiving peritoneal dialysis.
Journal of Renal Care 03/2012; 38(1):50-8.
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Fiorenzo Facchini,
Giovanni Fiori, Giorgio Bedogni,
Livia Galletti,
Orazak Ismagulov,
Ainagul Ismagulova,
Turegeldy Sharmanov,
Igor Tsoy,
Maria Giovanna Belcastro,
Sara Rizzoli,
Matteo Goldoni
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ABSTRACT: Data on puberty development are available for several countries but not for Central Asia.
Using data collected during the Kazakhstan Health and Nutrition Survey (KHA-ES), we evaluated the relationship between the living environment (rural vs. urban), ethnicity (Russians vs. Kazakhs) and pubertal status in children living in Kazakhstan.
Genital (G1-G5), breast (B1-B5) and pubic hair (PH1-PH5) development were evaluated in a sample of 2389 boys and 2416 girls using Tanner's criteria. Age at menarche was evaluated using the 'status quo' and 'recall' methods.
Rural children were older than urban children at stages > or =G2 for males and > or =B2 for females, and this difference was more evident for Russian males. Differences levelled out at later stages of development in Kazakh males and in the pooled girls. The living environment was slightly but significantly associated with median age at menarche (12.89 years for urban Kazakhs to 13.43 years for rural Kazakhs). Male and female Kazakhs were older than Russians at stages 4 and 5, especially in the urban area.
A relationship between pubertal status and the living environment was present in a rapidly modernizing country such as Kazakhstan.
Annals of Human Biology 07/2009; 35(1):50-64. · 1.98 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this study, performed in the province of Pistoia (Italy), we tested whether 8-year-old children living in rural areas differed from their urban peers as far as nutritional status, dietary habits and physical activity are concerned. The study sample was randomly selected to include 50% of the children attending the third elementary class in the province of Pistoia during 2002. A total of 1006 children underwent an anthropometric evaluation and an assessment of dietary habits and physical activity by means of specific questionnaires. Of these children, 927 were born in Italy and are described in this report. The relationship between body mass index (BMI<5th percentile versus 5th<or=BMI<85th percentile versus 85th<or=BMI<95th percentile versus BMI>or=95th percentile) and the environment (urban versus rural) was of borderline significance (P=0.051). However, the percentage of children with BMI>or=85th percentile was greater in rural (24%) than in urban (18%) areas (P=0.012). The choice of foods and the physical activity of rural children mirrored those of urban children. These data sound as an alarm in view of the current epidemics of obesity that are invading Italy and other Mediterranean countries.
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 08/2004; 55(5):381-7. · 1.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The concept of frame size has not undergone a thorough evaluation in non-Caucasian populations. Using data from the Central Asia High Altitude Population (CAHAP) study, we tested whether: (1) the relationship between frame size and body composition is different in high-, medium- and low-altitude populations; (2) elbow breadth is a better index of frame size than biacromial and biiliac breadth; and (3) measures of frame size are associated with blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides. A number of 334 male subjects aged 33 +/- 10 years (mean +/- standard deviation) were selected from the CAHAP population (n = 384) on the basis of the availability of breadth measurements. The subjects were 85 high-altitude Kirghizs, 105 medium-altitude Kazakhs, 79 low-altitude Kirghizs and 65 low-altitude Uighurs. A detailed anthropometric evaluation and blood pressure, cholesterol and trygliceride measurements were performed on all individuals. Among breadths, elbow had the lowest correlation with arm fat area, thigh fat area, calf fat area and the sum of trunk skinfolds (r < or = 0.196, P < 0.01). Even if elbow breadth did not have the highest correlation with muscularity indexes, its constantly lower association with adiposity indexes shows that it is a better measure of frame size than biacromial breadth and biiliac breadth. The relationship between frame size and body composition did not differ in high-, medium- and low-altitude subjects (P = not significant, analysis of co-variance). Only a weak association was present between breadths, blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides (r < or = 0.230, P < 0.01) and it was not influenced by altitude (P = not significant, analysis of co-variance). Elbow breadth was significantly correlated only with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.121, P < 0.05). In conclusion: (1) the relationship between frame size and body composition is similar in high- and low-altitude populations; (2) elbow breadth is an index of frame size independent of altitude; and (3) elbow breadth is correlated with diastolic blood pressure, but this correlation is of doubtful biological relevance.
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 01/2003; 54(1):21-6. · 1.15 Impact Factor
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Fiorenzo Facchini,
Giovanni Fiori, Giorgio Bedogni,
Livia Galletti,
Maria Giovanna Belcastro,
Orazak Ismagulov,
Ainagul Ismagulova,
Turegeldy Sharmanov,
Igor Tsoy,
Sara Rizzoli,
Matteo Goldoni
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ABSTRACT: Kazakhstan is undergoing a rapid modernization process, which carries the risk of an epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease. We enrolled a sample of about 50 children for every combination of gender, environment (urban vs. rural), ethnic group (Kazakh vs. Russian), and age group from 7 to 18 years, for a total of 4,808 children. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured on all children while fasting blood cholesterol and glucose were measured only in 2,616 children aged > or =12 years. The prevalence of overweight and risk of overweight ranged from 2.8 (rural male Kazakhs) to 9.1% (urban male Russians). The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension ranged from 8.3 (urban females) to 15.9% (rural females); that of hypercholesterolemia from 11.5 (male rural Russians) to 26.5% (female rural Kazakhs); and the overall prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 0.1%. We conclude that overweight and cardiovascular risk factors are less prevalent in children living in Kazakhstan than in those living in Western countries. However, these figures are not negligible and suggest that preventive measures are needed to contain the epidemic of overweight and cardiovascular disease that will most likely accompany the modernization of Kazakhstan in the next years.
American Journal of Human Biology 19(6):809-20. · 2.27 Impact Factor
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Fiorenzo Facchini,
Giovanni Fiori, Giorgio Bedogni,
Livia Galletti,
Orazak Ismagulov,
Ainagul Ismagulova,
Turegeldy Sharmanov,
Igor Tsoy,
Maria Giovanna Belcastro,
Sara Rizzoli,
Matteo Goldoni
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ABSTRACT: Spirometric parameters are influenced by several factors and many reference data are available in the literature. However, no spirometric data are available for children and adolescents from Central Asia.
The study aimed to calculate spirometric reference curves on the basis of anthropometry, ethnicity (Kazakh vs. Russian) and living environment (urban vs. rural).
Spirometry (FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75%) was performed and anthropometric measurements taken for 1926 male and 1967 female Kazakh children aged 7-18 years.
Height explained almost all the variance of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) for both sexes, while age and inspiratory circumference contributed slightly to the prediction. Moreover, FVC and FEV1 were greater in Russians than in Kazakhs and ethnicity did enter the prediction model for these parameters. The living environment had a marginal effect on spirometry. In fact, forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75%) was slightly higher in urban than in rural females, FVC was slightly higher in rural than in urban males, while FEV1 was not affected. Finally, among several spirometric equations available in the literature, those performing better in our children were obtained in developed countries.
Anthropometry was the most important predictor of spirometry. Age and ethnicity were also predictors, while the contribution of the living environment was more limited.
Annals of Human Biology 34(5):519-34. · 1.98 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Body hydration and extra- to intra-cellular water ratio (ECWICW) have been studied in 12 duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and 15 healthy controls. Subjects underwent total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) assessment by deuterium and bromide dilution, respectively. Multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis (MFBIA) was performed on all subjects with the aim to establish its accuracy in predicting TBW and ECW in DMD. Body hydration was lower (51.8 ± 2.8 vs 58.5 ± 5.9%, P < 0.01) and the ECW: ICW ratio higher (1.15 ± 0.25 vs 0.70 ± 0.23, P < 0.001) in DMD than in control subjects. Hence, control-generated formulae for predicting TBW and ECW from MFBIA gave inaccurate results in DMD subjects. Population-specific formulae were developed to obtain an accurate prediction of body water compartments in DMD patients.
Neuromuscular Disorders.
