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Xiaozhong Qiu,
Yaling Wang,
Yanyan Cui,
Zhipeng Sun,
Ru Liu,
Wenhua Huang, Feng Zhao,
Yan Zu,
Hui Yuan,
Xueling Chang,
Xueyun Gao
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ABSTRACT: Surface functionalized gold nanorods (GNRs) with three optical signals and the ability to track and observe live cells was investigated. The Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) was used as the shape-directing agent to develop GNRs with uniform size and aspect ratio. The as-synthesized GNRs can strongly enhance the Raman signal of the attached MGITC on the GNRs. Polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG-COOH) and SH-PEG-FITC were attached with GNRs through ligand exchange with CTAB. They can stabilize the GNRs, reduce the cytotoxicity and provide fluorescence signal. A cell-penetrating peptide was covalently conjugated with SH-PEG-COOH to assist the GNRs to enter living cell. After cultured with the MCF-7 cells, the surfaced functionalized Au nanorods can enter the MCF-7 cells and be tracking with enhanced MGITC Raman signal, FITC fluorescence, and Rayleigh scatter signal.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 09/2012; 12(9):6893-9. · 1.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Nanosized copper particles are widely used in fields of lubricants, polymers/plastic, metallic coating and ink. Recently,
we found that copper particles in different sizes can lead to different toxicological effects. To clarify the target organs
of copper particles of different sizes, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was employed to evaluate
the distribution of copper in different organs of mice after a single dose oral exposure. The results suggest that the main
target organs for copper nanoparticles are kidney, liver and blood. Liver is the main damaged organ.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 04/2012; 272(3):599-603. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Graphene has attracted great interest for its superior physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties that enable a wide range of applications from electronics to nanoelectromechanical systems. Functionalization is among the significant vectors that drive graphene towards technological applications. While the physical properties of graphene have been at the center of attention, we still lack the knowledge framework for targeted graphene functionalization. In this critical review, we describe some of the important chemical and physical processes for graphene functionalization. We also identify six major challenges in graphene research and give perspectives and practical strategies for both fundamental studies and applications of graphene (315 references).
Chemical Society Reviews 11/2011; 41(1):97-114. · 28.76 Impact Factor
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Huan Meng,
Gengmei Xing,
Elvin Blanco,
Yan Song,
Lina Zhao,
Baoyun Sun,
Xiaoda Li,
Paul C Wang,
Alexandru Korotcov,
Wei Li,
Xing-Jie Liang,
Chunying Chen,
Hui Yuan, Feng Zhao,
Zhen Chen,
Tong Sun,
Zhifang Chai,
Mauro Ferrari,
Yuliang Zhao
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this work is to study the antimetastasis activity of gadolinium metallofullerenol nanoparticles (f-NPs) in malignant and invasive human breast cancer models. We demonstrated that f-NPs inhibited the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes and further interfered with the invasiveness of cancer cells in tissue culture condition. In the tissue invasion animal model, the invasive primary tumor treated with f-NPs showed significantly less metastasis to the ectopic site along with the decreased MMP expression. In the same animal model, we observed the formation of a fibrous cage that may serve as a physical barrier capable of cancer tissue encapsulation that cuts the communication between cancer- and tumor-associated macrophages, which produce MMP enzymes. In another animal model, the blood transfer model, f-NPs potently suppressed the establishment of tumor foci in lung. Based on these data, we conclude that f-NPs have antimetastasis effects and speculate that utilization of f-NPs may provide a new strategy for the treatment of tumor metastasis. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: In this study utilizing metallofullerenol nanoparticles, the authors demonstrate antimetastasis effects and speculate that utilization of these nanoparticles may provide a new strategy in metastatic tumor therapy.
Nanomedicine: nanotechnology, biology, and medicine 09/2011; 8(2):136-46. · 5.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The unique (n, m) SWCNTs have both left- and right-handed helicity and they are enantiomers, and unique chiral SWCNTs with single helicity haven't achieved yet. In our studies the aromatic fluorescence molecule, (R+) 5'-Hexachloro-Fluorescein Phosphoramidite (HEX), was linked to DNA, and this new polymer could help us to get unique chiral SWCNT (11,1) with only right-handed species, and this result is confirmed by AFM, HRTEM, NIR, SRCD, and Raman studies.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 09/2011; 11(9):7587-92. · 1.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The interactions of nanoparticles with the soft surfaces of biological systems like cells play key roles in executing their biomedical functions and in toxicity. The discovery or design of new biomedical functions, or the prediction of the toxicological consequences of nanoparticles in vivo, first require knowledge of the interplay processes of the nanoparticles with the target cells. This article focusses on the cellular uptake, location and translocation, and any biological consequences, such as cytotoxicity, of the most widely studied and used nanoparticles, such as carbon-based nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The relevance of the size and shape, composition, charge, and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles in cells is considered. The intracellular uptake pathways of the nanoparticles and the cellular responses, with potential signaling pathways activated by nanoparticle interactions, are also discussed.
Small 05/2011; 7(10):1322-37. · 8.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The toxicity grade for a bulk material can be approximately determined by three factors (chemical composition, dose, and exposure route). However, for a nanomaterial it depends on more than ten factors. Interestingly, some nano-factors (like huge surface adsorbability, small size, etc.) that endow nanomaterials with new biomedical functions are also potential causes leading to toxicity or damage to the living organism. Is it possible to create safe nanomaterials if such a number of complicated factors need to be regulated? We herein try to find answers to this important question. We first discuss chemical processes that are applicable for nanosurface modifications, in order to improve biocompatibility, regulate ADME, and reduce the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes). Then the biological/toxicological effects of surface-modified and unmodified carbon nanomaterials are comparatively discussed from two aspects: the lowered toxic responses or the enhanced biomedical functions. We summarize the eight biggest challenges in creating low-toxicity and safer nanomaterials and some significant topics of future research needs: to find out safer nanofactors; to establish controllable surface modifications and simpler chemistries for low-toxic nanomaterials; to explore the nanotoxicity mechanisms; to justify the validity of current toxicological theories in nanotoxicology; to create standardized nanomaterials for toxicity tests; to build theoretical models for cellular and molecular interactions of nanoparticles; and to establish systematical knowledge frameworks for nanotoxicology.
Nanoscale 02/2011; 3(2):362-82. · 5.91 Impact Factor
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Zhong Chen,
Ru Liu,
Yaling Wang,
Huarui Zhu,
Zhipeng Sun,
Taisen Zuo,
Xueling Chang, Feng Zhao,
Gengmei Xing,
Hui Yuan,
Junhui Xiang,
Xueyun Gao
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ABSTRACT: We report here a simple method to fabricate the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated DNA-SWCNTs that give SERS signals. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) suggested the products are dispersive and soluble in aqueous solution. The Raman scattering spectra show AgNPs coated SWCNTs have enhanced the Raman signal when compared with pure SWCNT. From the radial breathing mode (RBM) of the Raman spectra, we can disclose that this DNA-SWCNT has unique chirality, which implies that it could be a good nanoprobe for cell marking.
Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 12/2010; 10(12):8538-43. · 1.56 Impact Factor
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Huan Meng,
Gengmei Xing,
Baoyun Sun, Feng Zhao,
Hao Lei,
Wei Li,
Yan Song,
Zhen Chen,
Hui Yuan,
Xuxia Wang,
Jing Long,
Chunying Chen,
Xingjie Liang,
Ning Zhang,
Zhifang Chai,
Yuliang Zhao
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ABSTRACT: Antiangiogenesis is an effective strategy for cancer treatment because uncontrolled tumor growth depends on tumor angiogenesis and sufficient blood supply. Great progress has been made in developing a "molecular" form of angiogenesis inhibitors; however, the narrow inhibition spectrum limits anticancer efficacy as those inhibitors that usually target a few or even a single angiogenic factor among many angiogenic factors might initially be effective but ultimately lead to the failure of the treatment due to the induction of expression of other angiogenic factors. In this work, we report that with a multiple hydroxyl groups functionalized surface, the Gd@C(82)(OH)(22) fullerenic nanoparticles (f-NPs) are capable of simultaneously downregulating more than 10 angiogenic factors in the mRNA level that is further confirmed at the protein level. After studying this antiangiogenesis activity of the f-NPs by cellular experiment, we further investigated its anticancer efficacy in vivo. A two-week treatment with the f-NPs decreased >40% tumor microvessels density and efficiently lowered the speed of blood supply to tumor tissues by approximately 40%. Efficacy of the treatment using f-NPs in nude mice was comparable to the clinic anticancer drug paclitaxel, while no pronounced side effects were found. These findings indicate that the f-NPs with multiple hydroxyl groups serve as a potent antiangiogenesis inhibitor that can simultaneously target multiple angiogenic factors. We propose that using nanoscale "particulate" itself as a new form of medicine (particulate medicine) may be superior to the traditional "molecular" form of medicine (molecular medicine) in cancer treatment.
ACS Nano 05/2010; 4(5):2773-83. · 10.77 Impact Factor
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Zhen Chen,
Huan Meng,
Gengmei Xing,
Hui Yuan, Feng Zhao,
Ru Liu,
Xuelin Chang,
Xueyun Gao,
Tiancheng Wang,
Guang Jia,
Chang Ye,
Zhifang Chai,
Yuliang Zhao
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ABSTRACT: Epidemiologic studies have revealed that pollution by ambient particulates is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in older people. Toxicologic sensitivity of nanoparticles in different ages was investigated for the first time to demonstrate and explain an age-related difference in response to manufactured nanoparticles. Young, adult, and old rats physiologically inhaled air containing aerosol of manufactured SiO2 nanoparticles (24.1 mg/m3; 40 min/day) for four weeks. Changes in serum biomarkers, hemorheologic, pulmonary inflammation, heart injury, and pathology in rats of different ages and their corresponding controls were compared. Inhalation of SiO2 nanoparticles under identical conditions caused pulmonary and cardiovascular alterations in old rats, yet less change in young and adult rats, including pulmonary inflammation, myocardial ischemic damage, atrio-ventricular blockage, and increase in fibrinogen concentration and blood viscosity. Old individuals were more sensitive to nanoparticle exposure than the young and adult rats. The risk of causing pulmonary damages was: old > young > adult The risk of cardiovascular disorder was observed only in old age. Our results suggest that different ages may require different biomarkers for identifying pulmonary toxicity during inhalation of nanoparticles.
Environmental Science and Technology 12/2008; 42(23):8985-92. · 5.23 Impact Factor
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Xueyun Gao,
Gengmei Xing,
Yanlian Yang,
Xiaoli Shi,
Ru Liu,
Weiguo Chu,
Long Jing, Feng Zhao,
Chang Ye,
Hui Yuan,
Xiaohong Fang,
Chen Wang,
Yuliang Zhao
Journal of the American Chemical Society 10/2008; · 9.91 Impact Factor
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Zhen Chen,
Hu Chen,
Huan Meng,
Gengmei Xing,
Xueyun Gao,
Baoyun Sun,
Xiaoli Shi,
Hui Yuan,
Chengcheng Zhang,
Ru Liu, Feng Zhao,
Yuliang Zhao,
Xiaohong Fang
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ABSTRACT: With the rapid development of quantum dot (QD) technology, water-soluble QDs have the prospect of being used as a biological probe for specific diagnoses, but their biological behaviors in vivo are little known. Our recent in vivo studies concentrated on the bio-kinetics of QDs coated by hydroxyl group modified silica networks (the QDs are 21.3+/-2.0 nm in diameter and have maximal emission at 570 nm). Male ICR mice were intravenously given the water-soluble QDs with a single dose of 5 nmol/mouse. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to measure the (111)Cd content to indicate the concentration of QDs in plasma, organs, and excretion samples collected at predetermined time intervals. Meanwhile, the distribution and aggregation state of QDs in tissues were also investigated by pathological examination and differential centrifugation. The plasma half-life and clearance of QDs were 19.8+/-3.2 h and 57.3+/-9.2 ml/h/kg, respectively. The liver and kidney were the main target organs for QDs. The QDs metabolized in three paths depending on their distinct aggregated states in vivo. A fraction of free QDs, maintaining their original form, could be filtered by glomerular capillaries and excreted via urine as small molecules within five days. Most QDs bound to protein and aggregated into larger particles that were metabolized in the liver and excreted via feces in vivo. After five days, 8.6% of the injected dose of aggregated QDs still remained in hepatic tissue and it was difficult for this fraction to clear.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 09/2008; 230(3):364-71. · 4.45 Impact Factor
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Xueyun Gao,
Gengmei Xing,
Yanlian Yang,
Xiaoli Shi,
Ru Liu,
Weiguo Chu,
Long Jing, Feng Zhao,
Chang Ye,
Hui Yuan,
Xiaohong Fang,
Chen Wang,
Yuliang Zhao
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ABSTRACT: The strongly induced circular dichroism (ICD) signals of DNA wrapped around single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are shown by the Synchrotron Radiation Facility. In solution, trace amounts of Hg ions have a strong affinity to bind the nucleic bases of DNA-SWCNTs via a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction. The Hg binding to the bases of DNA results in partial DNA disassociation from the SWCNTs. Such disassociation of DNA from the SWCNTs will decrease the coupling effects of the transition dipole moments between DNA and SWCNTs, thus inducing the ICD signal of DNA-SWCNTs to decrease significantly. Herein, the ICD of DNA-SWCNTs is applied to detect the concentration of Hg ions at nM level.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 08/2008; 130(29):9190-1. · 9.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We developed a method to synthesize paramagnetic nanoparticles of Gd@C82(OH)22+/-2. Such nanoparticles are with ordered microstructures and have strong MRI proton relaxation in vitro/vivo. Compared with commercial Gd-DTPA, a 12x MRI relaxivity of Gd@C82(OH)22+/-2 nanoparticles with ordered microstructures was achieved in vitro. The small Gd@C82(OH)22+/-2 nanoparticles, approximately 65nm, could easily escape the RES uptake in vivo; this opens the door for their clinical applications.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 06/2008; 112(20):6288-91. · 3.70 Impact Factor
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Wei Li,
Chunying Chen,
Chang Ye,
Taotao Wei,
Yuliang Zhao,
Fang Lao,
Zhen Chen,
Huan Meng,
Yuxi Gao,
Hui Yuan,
Genmei Xing, Feng Zhao,
Zhifang Chai,
Xujia Zhang,
Fuyu Yang,
Dong Han,
Xianhua Tang,
Yingge Zhang
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ABSTRACT: Manufactured fullerene nanoparticles easily enter into cells and hence have been rapidly developed for biomedical uses. However, it is generally unknown which route the nanoparticles undergo when crossing cell membranes and where they localize to the intracellular compartments. Herein we have used both microscopic imaging and biological techniques to explore the processes of [C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2)](n) nanoparticles across cellular membranes and their intracellular translocation in 3T3 L1 and RH-35 living cells. The fullerene nanoparticles are quickly internalized by the cells and then routed to the cytoplasm with punctate localization. Upon entering the cell, they are synchronized to lysosome-like vesicles. The [C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2)](n) nanoparticles entering cells are mainly via endocytosis with time-, temperature- and energy-dependent manners. The cellular uptake of [C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2)](n) nanoparticles was found to be clathrin-mediated but not caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The endocytosis mechanism and the subcellular target location provide key information for the better understanding and predicting of the biomedical function of fullerene nanoparticles inside cells.
Nanotechnology 04/2008; 19(14):145102. · 3.98 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Recently, studies on the biological effects of nanomaterials show signs that some of the manufactured nanoparticles exhibit unexpected toxicity to living organisms. It has previously been reported that the copper particles possess size-depended toxicity. In this paper, we propose that the ultrahigh chemical reactivity of nano-copper results in the specific nanotoxicity which is fully proved by in vitro and in vivo experiment. Using chemical kinetics study (in vitro) and blood gas and plasma electrolytes analysis (in vivo), we found that high reactivity cause the big toxicological difference between small size (23.5 nm) and big size (17 microm). The result is also consistent with biochemistry assay, pathological examination and copper content measurement in renal tissue in vivo. For chemical reactive nanoparticles, metallic nano-copper for instance, both the particles themselves and the resulting product (copper ion) should be fully explored. The nano-copper particles may not compromise the mice directly, however, they lead to the accumulation of excessive alkalescent substance and heavy metal ions (copper ions) culminating the metabolic alkalosis and copper ion overload.
Toxicology Letters 01/2008; 175(1-3):102-10. · 3.23 Impact Factor
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Baoyun Sun,
Tongxiang Ren,
Xiaopei Miao,
Fucai Dai,
Long Jin,
Hui Yuan,
Gengmei Xing,
Meixian Li,
Jinquan Dong,
Fei Chang,
Jingbo Hu,
Hao Chen, Feng Zhao,
Xueyun Gao,
Yuliang Zhao
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ABSTRACT: The electrochemical properties of the carbon-bridged fullerene dimers C121(I), C121(II), C121(III), C131, and C141 were characterized systematically for the first time in this study. Cyclic voltammogram and differential pulse voltammogram analyses revealed that they first underwent three reversible fullerene-unit-based reduction processes where each of the two carbon cages accepted one electron in each step and then possessed a different deep reduction sequence from the fourth to sixth reduction potentials of the fullerene cages. The electronic interactions between cages in the atom-bridged dimers (e.g., C60−C−C60) were found to be different from those of dimers in which two cages were connected directly. Comparison studies of the redox properties of the five dimers revealed that the C60 dimerization via [5.6]−[6.6] connection influenced the cage electron acceptability much more than that of [5.6]−[5.6] or [6.6]−[6.6] connections and the dimerization with C70 cages influenced the reduction potentials of dimerized products more potently than that with C60 cages. Further results from controlled potential electrolysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorption spectral analyses demonstrated the reduction processes and a dissociation of the dimers based on reductions. The theoretical understanding of the experiments was investigated by using time-dependent density functional calculations for the ionic states of C121(I, II, III)n- with n = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
12/2007;
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Jun Tang,
Gengmei Xing,
Yuliang Zhao,
Long Jing,
Hui Yuan, Feng Zhao,
Xueyun Gao,
Haijie Qian,
Run Su,
Kurash Ibrahim,
Weiguo Chu,
Lina Zhang,
Katsumi Tanigaki
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ABSTRACT: The temperature-sensitive property of polyhydroxylated metallofullerene film of Gd@C82(OH)x with special hydroxyl number was studied using synchrotron radiation ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and TEM techniques. From room temperature (RT) to 4 degrees C the photoelectron onset energy of the spectra of Gd@C82(OH)12 shifted from 1.9 to 0.2 eV, indicating that Gd@C82(OH)12 automatically shifted from insulator at RT to semiconductor at 4 degrees C. However, this could not be observed for Gd@C82(OH)20. TEM experiments show that the variation of conductivity can be ascribed to formation of a microcrystal under low temperature. The dipole moment induced unique intermolecular interactions and self-assembled microcrystalline structures for Gd@C82(OH)12. This may cause reconstruction of the upper valence band formed by pi-like electrons as well as the density of states (DOS) around the Fermi level (EF) and reconstruct the deeper valence band formed by sigma-like electrons, eventually resulting in a shift to a semiconducting nature. These findings revealed a novel nature for polyhydroxylated Gd@C82(OH)x materials: Their insulating properties can be controllably tuned into semiconducting ones as a function of temperature.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 11/2007; 111(41):11929-34. · 3.70 Impact Factor
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Tongxiang Ren,
Baoyun Sun,
Zhenling Chen,
Li Qu,
Hui Yuan,
Xingfa Gao,
Shukuan Wang,
Rui He, Feng Zhao,
Yuliang Zhao,
Zhongshi Liu,
Xiping Jing
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ABSTRACT: The photochemical and photophysical properties of the three C121 isomers (I, II, III) were investigated with MADLI-TOF-MS, UV-vis spectra, fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra of their DMA complexes, and theoretical calculations. The three isomers of C121 (I, II, III) have different stabilities under laser irradiation, but isomer I and isomer II show good stability against the heat-induced conversion between different isomers: No conversion between the isomers was found after heating the mixture of isomer I and isomer II at 353 K for 12 h in Ar atmosphere. The results of UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra indicate that interactions between two C60 moieties of C60=C=C60 in the ground and singlet states are not significant, C121 (I, II, III) behaves as an electron-acceptor similar to C60. These indicate that the formation of the fullerene chain structure (e.g., C60=C=C60) does not disturb the photochemical and photophysical properties of the C60 monomer itself, even that the properties were enhanced by the formation of the polymer. This is significant for the C60 polymer in photochemical or photoelectronic applications in which C60=C=C60 can be an excellent basic unit of polymers.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 07/2007; 111(23):6344-8. · 3.70 Impact Factor
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Zhen Chen,
Huan Meng,
Gengmei Xing,
Chunying Chen,
Yuliang Zhao,
Guang Jia,
Tiancheng Wang,
Hui Yuan,
Chang Ye, Feng Zhao,
Zhifang Chai,
Chuanfeng Zhu,
Xiaohong Fang,
Baocheng Ma,
Lijun Wan
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ABSTRACT: To assess the toxicity of copper nanoparticles (23.5 nm) in vivo, LD(50), morphological changes, pathological examinations and blood biochemical indexes of experimental mice are studied comparatively with micro-copper particles (17 microm) and cupric ions (CuCl(2).2H(2)O). The LD(50) for the nano-, micro-copper particles and cupric ions exposed to mice via oral gavage are 413, >5000 and 110 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The toxicity classes of nano and ionic copper particles both are class 3 (moderately toxic), and micro-copper is class 5 (practically non-toxic) of Hodge and Sterner Scale. Kidney, liver and spleen are found to be target organs of nano-copper particles. Nanoparticles induce gravely toxicological effects and heavy injuries on kidney, liver and spleen of experimental mice, but micro-copper particles do not, on mass basis. Results indicate a gender dependent feature of nanotoxicity. Several factors such as huge specific surface area, ultrahigh reactivity, exceeding consumption of H(+), etc. that likely cause the grave nanotoxicity observed in vivo are discussed.
Toxicology Letters 05/2006; 163(2):109-20. · 3.23 Impact Factor
