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ABSTRACT: Disclosed are methods for forming carbon nano-onions. The methods include annealing a carbon nanodiamond starting material in an inert atm. The method can be carried out at ambient pressure. Also disclosed are methods for functionalizing carbon nano-onions. For instance, carbon nano-onions can be functionalized so as to be sol. in aq. or org. solvents, as desired. Also disclosed are methods for sepg. mixts. of carbon nano-onions. In particular, mixts. of carbon nano-onions can be sepd. from one another based upon differences in electrochem. characteristics of the different nano- onions.
Ref. No: WO 2007022200, Year: 01/2007
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ABSTRACT: Multilayer fullerenes (carbon nano-onions, CNOs) represent a largely unexplored carbon allotrope due to their inherent insoly. Expectations are that the properties of these nano-onions will be unique and potentially useful, as has been the case with the fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNOs show diminished chem. reactivity; however, the established thermal diradical formation and reactivity of bis-o-diynyl arene (BODA) monomers afforded direct functionalization, soln. processing, and de-functionalization of CNOs; and the first example of a radical addn. of a conjugated polymer to CNOs. The functionalized and sol. CNOs were characterized by TEM, GPC, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. A CNO defunctionalization method using oxidative TGA is also presented.
Chemistry of Materials. 01/2007; 19:1411-1417.
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ABSTRACT: Radical addn. of a conjugated polymer to C60 fullerenes and even the very first radical addn. to multilayer fullerenes CNOs showed progress towards a material with activity as a photovoltaic material. The functionalized and sol. fullerenes and CNOs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Gel Permeation Chromatog. (GPC), the CNOs also by thermal gravimetric anal. (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy.
Polymer Preprints. 01/2006; 47:453-454.
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ABSTRACT: Bis-ortho-diynyl arenes (BODA) monomers are enediyne contg. monomers with variable functionality that undergo Bergman cyclization when heated to form naphthyl diradical species which then react with other monomers to propagate polymn. The polymers have a large processability window before the full network polymer is formed. They are wide band adsorbers of light and should therefore make good donors phases for photovoltaic materials. The best known acceptor for photovoltaics is C60 and its derivs. Multilayer fullerenes (carbon nano-onions CNOs) show diminished chem. reactivity but the established diradical formation and reactivity of BODA monomers presents an excellent opportunity to directly functionalize even them. We are able to show the first example of a radical addn. of a conjugated polymer to C60 and even the very first radical addn. to CNOs at all in progress towards a material with activity as a photovoltaic material. The functionalized and sol. fullerenes and CNOs were characterized by TEM, GPC, TGA and Raman.
232nd ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States; 01/2006
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ABSTRACT: Bis-ortho-diynyl arenes (BODA) monomers are a class of enediyne contg. monomers that undergo Bergman cyclization when thermally treated to form naphthyl radical species. These radical species then react with other monomers, either cyclized or uncyclized, to propagate polymn. The polymers are wide band adsorbers of light depending on mol. wt. and would make good photovoltaic donors. The best acceptor known is the C60 fullerene mol. and its derivs. Radical polymer addn. to C60 has been realized with a few polymers, most notably with TEMPO initiated polystyrene, and ATRP assisted polystyrene. These polymers, however, are not conjugated, have limited absorbance bands, and are therefore not good candidates for photovoltaic donors, and require a sep. radical initiating species. This paper introduces the first example of a radical addn. of a conjugated polymer to C60 in progress towards a material with activity as a photovoltaic material.
Polymer Preprints. 01/2005; 46:827.
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ABSTRACT: Bis-ortho-diynyl arenes (BODA) monomers are a class of enediyne contg. monomers that undergo Bergman cyclization when thermally treated to form naphthyl radical species. These radical species then react with other monomers, either cyclized or uncyclized, to propagate polymn. The polymers are wide band adsorbers of light depending on mol. wt. and would make good photovoltaic donors. The best acceptor known is the C60 fullerene mol. and its derivs. Radical polymer addn. to C60 has been realized with a few polymers, most notably with TEMPO initiated polystyrene, and ATRP assisted polystyrene. These polymers, however, are not conjugated, have limited absorbance bands, and are therefore not good candidates for photovoltaic donors, and require a sep. radical initiating species. This paper introduces the first example of a radical addn. of a conjugated polymer to C60 in progress towards a material with activity as a photovoltaic material.
230th ACS National Meeting, Washington, DC, United States; 01/2005
