D R Williams

Publications (6)21.67 Total impact

• Source

  Available from: Johan Ormel

  Article: Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys.

  J Alonso, M Petukhova, G Vilagut, S Chatterji, S Heeringa, T B Üstün, A O Alhamzawi, M C Viana, M Angermeyer, E Bromet, [......], D Levinson, M E Medina-Mora, Y Nakamura, J Ormel, J Posada-Villa, R Sagar, K M Scott, A Tsang, D R Williams, R C Kessler
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  ABSTRACT: Days out of role because of health problems are a major source of lost human capital. We examined the relative importance of commonly occurring physical and mental disorders in accounting for days out of role in 24 countries that participated in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Face-to-face interviews were carried out with 62 971 respondents (72.0% pooled response rate). Presence of ten chronic physical disorders and nine mental disorders was assessed for each respondent along with information about the number of days in the past month each respondent reported being totally unable to work or carry out their other normal daily activities because of problems with either physical or mental health. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate associations of specific conditions and comorbidities with days out of role, controlling by basic socio-demographics (age, gender, employment status and country). Overall, 12.8% of respondents had some day totally out of role, with a median of 51.1 a year. The strongest individual-level effects (days out of role per year) were associated with neurological disorders (17.4), bipolar disorder (17.3) and post-traumatic stress disorder (15.2). The strongest population-level effect was associated with pain conditions, which accounted for 21.5% of all days out of role (population attributable risk proportion). The 19 conditions accounted for 62.2% of all days out of role. Common health conditions, including mental disorders, make up a large proportion of the number of days out of role across a wide range of countries and should be addressed to substantially increase overall productivity.
  Molecular psychiatry 10/2010; 16(12):1234-46. · 15.05 Impact Factor
• Article: Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low- and middle-income countries: epidemiological study.

  S Lee, A Tsang, J Breslau, S Aguilar-Gaxiola, M Angermeyer, G Borges, E Bromet, R Bruffaerts, G de Girolamo, J Fayyad, O Gureje, J M Haro, N Kawakami, D Levinson, M A Oakley Browne, J Ormel, J Posada-Villa, D R Williams, R C Kessler
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  ABSTRACT: Studies of the impact of mental disorders on educational attainment are rare in both high-income and low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries. To examine the association between early-onset mental disorder and subsequent termination of education. Sixteen countries taking part in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative were surveyed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (n=41 688). Survival models were used to estimate associations between DSM-IV mental disorders and subsequent non-attainment of educational milestones. In high-income countries, prior substance use disorders were associated with non-completion at all stages of education (OR 1.4-15.2). Anxiety disorders (OR=1.3), mood disorders (OR=1.4) and impulse control disorders (OR=2.2) were associated with early termination of secondary education. In LAMI countries, impulse control disorders (OR=1.3) and substance use disorders (OR=1.5) were associated with early termination of secondary education. Onset of mental disorder and subsequent non-completion of education are consistently associated in both high-income and LAMI countries.
  The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science 06/2009; 194(5):411-7. · 6.62 Impact Factor
• Article: Cross-national analysis of the associations between traumatic events and suicidal behavior: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

  D J Stein, W T Chiu, I Hwang, R C Kessler, N Sampson, J Alonso, G Borges, E Bromet, R Bruffaerts, G de Girolamo, [......], Z Mneimneh, Y Nakamura, J Ormel, J Posada-Villa, R. Sagar, K M Scott, T. Tomov, M.C. Viana, D R Williams, M K Nock
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  ABSTRACT: Background: Community and clinical data have suggested there is an association between trauma exposure and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicide ideation, plans and attempts). However, few studies have assessed which traumas are uniquely predictive of: the first onset of suicidal behavior, the progression from suicide ideation to plans and attempts, or the persistence of each form of suicidal behavior over time. Moreover, few data are available on such associations in developing countries. The current study addresses each of these issues. Methodology/Principal Findings: Data on trauma exposure and subsequent first onset of suicidal behavior were collected via structured interviews conducted in the households of 102,245 (age 18+) respondents from 21 countries participating in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Bivariate and multivariate survival models tested the relationship between the type and number of traumatic events and subsequent suicidal behavior. A range of traumatic events are associated with suicidal behavior, with sexual and interpersonal violence consistently showing the strongest effects. There is a dose-response relationship between the number of traumatic events and suicide ideation/attempt; however, there is decay in the strength of the association with more events. Although a range of traumatic events are associated with the onset of suicide ideation, fewer events predict which people with suicide ideation progress to suicide plan and attempt, or the persistence of suicidal behavior over time. Associations generally are consistent across high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides more detailed information than previously available on the relationship between traumatic events and suicidal behavior and indicates that this association is fairly consistent across developed and developing countries. These data reinforce the importance of psychological trauma as a major public health problem, and highlight the significance of screening for the presence and accumulation of traumatic exposures as a risk factor for suicide ideation and attempt
• Article: Twelve-month prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts in the world health organization world mental health surveys

  G Borges, M K Nock, J.M. Haro Abad, I Hwang, N A Sampson, J Alonso, L H Andrade, M C Angermeyer, A. Beautrais, E Bromet, [......], S Lee, D Levinson, M E Medina-Mora, J Ormel, J Posada-Villa, R. Sagar, T. Tomov, H Uda, D R Williams, R C Kessler
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  ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Although suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, clinicians and researchers lack a data-driven method to assess the risk of suicide attempts. This study reports the results of an analysis of a large cross-national epidemiologic survey database that estimates the 12-month prevalence of suicidal behaviors, identifies risk factors for suicide attempts, and combines these factors to create a risk index for 12-month suicide attempts separately for developed and developing countries. METHOD: Data come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys (conducted 2001-2007), in which 108,705 adults from 21 countries were interviewed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The survey assessed suicidal behaviors and potential risk factors across multiple domains, including sociodemographic characteristics, parent psychopathology, childhood adversities, DSM-IV disorders, and history of suicidal behavior. RESULTS: Twelve-month prevalence estimates of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts are 2.0%, 0.6%, and 0.3%, respectively, for developed countries and 2.1%, 0.7%, and 0.4%, respectively, for developing countries. Risk factors for suicidal behaviors in both developed and developing countries include female sex, younger age, lower education and income, unmarried status, unemployment, parent psychopathology, childhood adversities, and presence of diverse 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders. Combining risk factors from multiple domains produced risk indices that accurately predicted 12-month suicide attempts in both developed and developing countries (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74-0.80). CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal behaviors occur at similar rates in both developed and developing countries. Risk indices assessing multiple domains can predict suicide attempts with fairly good accuracy and may be useful in aiding clinicians in the prediction of these behaviors
• Source

  Available from: Johan Ormel

  Article: Days out of role due to common physical and mental conditions: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys

  J Alonso, M Petukhova, G Vilagut, S Chatterji, S Heeringa, T B Üstün, A O Alhamzawi, M.C. Viana, M Angermeyer, E Bromet, [......], D Levinson, M E Medina-Mora, Y Nakamura, J Ormel, J Posada-Villa, R. Sagar, K M Scott, A Tsang, D R Williams, R C Kessler
• Article: Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

  R C Kessler, K.A. McLaughlin, J.G. Green, M J Gruber, N A Sampson, A M Zaslavsky, S Aguilar-Gaxiola, A O Alhamzawi, J Alonso, M Angermeyer, [......], S Lee, J P Lepine, J Ormel, J Posada-Villa, R. Sagar, A Tsang, T B Ustun, S. Vassilev, M.C. Viana, D R Williams
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  ABSTRACT: Background Although significant associations of childhood adversities with adult mental disorders are widely documented, most studies focus on single childhood adversities predicting single disorders. Aims To examine joint associations of 12 childhood adversities with first onset of 20 DSM-IV disorders in World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys in 21 countries. Method Nationally or regionally representative surveys of 51 945 adults assessed childhood adversities and lifetime DSM-IV disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results Childhood adversities were highly prevalent and interrelated. Childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning (e.g. parental mental illness, child abuse, neglect) were the strongest predictors of disorders. Co-occurring childhood adversities associated with maladaptive family functioning had significant subadditive predictive associations and little specificity across disorders. Childhood adversities account for 29.8% of all disorders across countries. Conclusions Childhood adversities have strong associations with all classes of disorders at all life-course stages in all groups of WMH countries. Long-term associations imply the existence of as-yet undetermined mediators