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ABSTRACT: A single-chip chemical microsensor system fabricated in industrial
0.8 μm CMOS technology includes three different polymer-coated
micromachined transducers. The chip forms an integral part of a handheld
unit to detect volatile organics. On-chip circuitry includes signal
conditioning, A/D-converters, filters, digital controller, and serial
bus interface (I<sup>2</sup>C)
Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2002. Digest of Technical Papers. ISSCC. 2002 IEEE International; 02/2002
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ABSTRACT: Summary form only given. Space qualified lasers will be required
for various applications in the next decade: Optical data links between
satellites will contribute to a new global broadband information
infrastructure. Ultra stable oscillators will be required in scientific
applications as space borne interferometer experiments for gravitational
wave detection. We present for the first time an optical transmitter
based on a miniature monolithic Nd:YAG laser, which covers the whole
range of space applications. Results of environmental tests provide
evidence for its suitability for space
Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2001. CLEO '01. Technical Digest. Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on; 02/2001
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ABSTRACT: Although protein-carbohydrate interactions are supposed to play key roles in cell adhesion, signalling and growth control. Their exact role in skin physiology has only recently been investigated. The endogenous lectins galectin-1 and galectin-3 have been identified in skin including hair follicles. Here, we analyzed the expression and distribution of these galectins and their binding sites in C57BL/6 mice during hair cycle. The expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 binding sites was found to be predominantly hair cycle-dependent showing some overlapping to the expression of galectin-1 and -3. The outer root sheath (ORS) expressed galectin-1 binding sites during anagen IV to VI and in early catagen, whereas galectin-1 was expressed from early anagen to late catagen. The ORS expressed galectin-3 binding sites during catagen transition corresponding to a galectin-3 expression during anagen V and catagen. The innermost layer of the ORS expressed galectin-3 binding sites during anagen VI until catagen VIII, but galectin-3 during anagen III to IV and catagen. The inner root sheath (IRS) expressed galectin-3 binding sites only in anagen IV but missed expression of any of the two galectins. The matrix cells expressed galectin-3 binding sites in catagen II-III as well as galectin-3 during anagen V to catagen IV. The present study provides the first evidence for a cycle-related expression of both galectin-1 and -3 and their binding sites during murine hair cycle.
Histology and histopathology 02/2000; 15(1):85-94. · 2.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is known as a potent regulator for the development of the central nervous system (CNS). The neonatal period of brain development is characterised by rapid cellular proliferation in parallel with neuronal differentiation and angiogenesis. We examined the expression of native VIP and the VIP receptor-associated protein by immunohistochemistry as well as the expression of VIP mRNA by in situ hybridisation in the brain stem of newborn piglets. We found both the mRNA and the protein of VIP as well as the VIP receptor-associated protein in endothelial cells of veins, arteries and capillaries in the marginal zone of brain stem tissue sections, especially in pons and mesencephalon, as well as in pial vessels. The coexpression of native VIP, VIP mRNA and the VIP receptor-associated protein within the endothelium suggests the presence of an autocrine loop, which has been detected so far only in neuroblastoma cells. This expression pattern gives evidence to the immaturity of endothelial cells at birth and the presence of an adaptive response in the VIP-regulated system during the change from intra- to extrauterine life.
Histology and histopathology 08/1999; 14(3):821-5. · 2.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family regulate cell growth and differentiation activating intracellular Smad proteins. Their role in skin and skin tumorigenesis is not well understood. Therefore we investigated the expression of TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) and Smad-proteins involved in the TGF-beta-pathway, e.g. Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, Smad6 and Smad7. We examined the effects of TGF-beta1, -beta2, BMP2, BMP7 on five epithelial cell lines in vitro. TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition of HaCaT and HSC4 were observed with half maximal effects at approximately 7 pg ml-1 and 20 pg ml-1, respectively. However, malignant HSC2 and A431 cells were unresponsive to TGF-beta1. A differentiation was seen after 5 days in HaCaT and HSC4 cells only. We compared the reactivity with specific antisera against TbetaR-I and Smad proteins among the different skin tumors: seborrheic keratoses (SK), actinic keratoses (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There were statistically significant differences of the ratio between the expression in tumor and that in non-tumorous epithelial cells in each tissue specimen. There was a tendency for the lower level of TbetaR-I expression of SCC compared with SK (p=0.08). This was accompanied by the decreased expression of the TbetaR-I. We found a markedly decreased expression of all antigens in BCC. conversion of normal keratinocytes to tumorigenic cells may in part be due to an acquisition of resistance to TGF-beta and loss of expression of intracellular signalling Smad proteins.
International Journal of Oncology 07/1999; 14(6):1049-56. · 2.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The transforming growth factor-beta superfamily is thought to be involved in the regulation and control of growth and differentiation. These growth factors signal through transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors. The activation of type I receptor kinase phosphorylates a family of intracellular signalling proteins called Smads. In the present study, we wanted to localize type I and type II receptors and Smad proteins in human eccrine sweat glands. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor was restricted to myoepithelial cells only, whereas bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA was found selectively within the duct epithelium of both the dermal portion and the acrosyringium. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB antibody gave a faint staining of secretory epithelium and myoepithelial cells. Smad proteins were identified in different parts of the eccrine sweat gland apparatus. In particular, Smad 1 and Smad 3 were localized within myoepithelial cells, whereas coils were stained weakly for Smad 1 and Smad 3. Smad 3 protein was also expressed by the duct epithelium. Smad 2, Smad 4, Smad 5, Smad 6 and Smad 7 were not identified in eccrine sweat gland epithelia. Our data provide evidence for transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signalling in the eccrine sweat gland and the selective expression of Smad proteins. Myoepithelial cells and duct cells have been identified as major targets of the transforming growth factor-beta pathway. Possible functions are growth inhibition and control of myoepithelial differentiation.
Acta Dermato Venereologica 06/1999; 79(3):183-6. · 3.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a family of potent growth inhibitor proteins, often produced as a precursor and often secreted in a complex with the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP). We investigated the expression of TGF-beta 1, -beta 2, -beta 3, LTBP, TGF-beta receptor proteins type I and type II (T beta R-I and -II) during induced hair growth in C57 BL-6 mice. We here demonstrated that TGF betas and T beta R-I are expressed in hair follicle epithelium and have found a positive reactivity for LTBP and T beta R-I in ++sebocytes. Dermal tissue was weakly stained for LTBP and TGF-beta 3. In early anagen the inner hair root sheath epithelium expressed TGF-beta 1, whereas outer hair root was positive for T beta R-I during anagen/catagen switch. T beta R-II was found in sebaceous glands without significant variations during the hair cycle. We may conclude that in follicle epithelium TGF-beta 1 is not produced in a complex together with LTBP. On the other hand, it is possible that other types of LTBP, like LTBP-2 and LTBP-3, are present, which are not detected by the antibody we used. Furthermore, a very rapid secretion of LTBP from producing cells may prevent immunohistochemical detection. TGF-beta 1 released by inner hair root sheath may regulate outer root sheath growth. A bidirectional interaction of sebocytes and hair follicle epithelium in the TGF-beta/LTBP seems possible. Sebocytes can be considered to be a target for TGFs since they express both T beta R++-I and -II. The general properties of TGF-beta as a growth inhibitor of epithelial cells may suggest a possible involvement in either the abrogation of extensive growth at the end of anagen or the initiation of catagen for the follicle epithelium as well as growth control for sebaceous glands.
Histology and histopathology 05/1996; 11(2):431-6. · 2.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Transforming growth factor B (TGF-6) is a family of potent growth inhibitor proteins, often produced as a precursor and often secreted in a complex with the latent TGF-B binding protein (LTBP). We investigated the expression of TGF-B1, 42, 43, LTBP, TGF-B receptor proteins type 1 and type 11 (TBR-1 and -11) during induced hair growth in C57 BL-6 mice. We here demonstrated that TGFBs and TBR-1 are expressed in hair follicle epithelium and have found a positive reactivity for LTBP and TBR-1 in sebocytes. Dermal tissue was weakly stained for LTBP and TGF-B3. In early anagen the inner hair root sheath epithelium expressed TGF-B1, whereas outer hair root was positive for TBR-1 during anagenlcatagen switch. TER-11 was found in sebaceous glands without significant variations during the hair cycle. We may conclude that in follicle epithelium TGF-Bl is not produced in a complex together with LTBP. On the other hand, it is possible that other types of LTBP, like LTBP-2 and LTBP-3, are present, which are not detected by the antibody we used. Furthermore, a very rapid secretion of LTBP fromproducing cells may prevent immunohistochemical detection. TGF-Bl released by inner hair root sheath may regulate outer root sheath growth. A bidirectional interaction of sebocytes and hair follicle epithelium in the TGF-BILTBP seems possible. Sebocytes can be considered to be a target for TGFs since they express both TBR-1 and -U. The general properties of TGF-B as a growth inhibitor of epithelial cells may suggest a possible involvement in either the abrogation of extensive growth at the end of anagen or the initiation of catagen for the follicle epithelium as well as growth control for sebaceous glands.
