Publications (5)0 Total impact
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Article: Prevalence of the refractive errors by age and gender in Mashhad, Iran: the Mashhad eye study
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ABSTRACT: Background: Refractive errors are a common eye problem. Considering the low number of population based studies in Iran in this regard, we decided to determine the prevalence rates of myopia and hyperopia in a population in Mashhad, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional population-based study. Participants: Random cluster sampling of 4453 selected individuals from the urban population of Mashhad, 70.4% participated. Methods: Refractive error was determined using manifest (age >15 years) and cycloplegic refraction (age </=15 years). Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) of -0.5 D or worse. An SE of +0.5 D or worse for non-cycloplegic refraction and an SE of +2 D or worse for cycloplegic refraction was used to define hyperopia. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of refractive errors by age and gender. Results: The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in individuals </=15 years old was 3.64% (95% CI: 2.19-5.09) and 27.4% (95%CI: 23.72-31.09), respectively. The same measurements for subjects >15 years of age was 22.36% (95%CI: 20.06-24.66) and 34.21% (95%CI: 31.57-36.85), respectively. Myopia was found to increase with age in individuals </=15 years and decrease with age in individuals >15 years of age. The rate of hyperopia showed a significant increase with age in individuals>15 years. The prevalence of astigmatism was 25.64% (95%CI: 23.76-27.51). Conclusions: In children and the elderly, hyperopia is the most prevalent refractive error. Also, after hyperopia, astigmatism is also of importance in older ages. Age is the most important demographic factor that is associated with different types of refractive errorsClin.Experiment.Ophthalmol. 04/2011; -
Article: Results of photorefractive keratectomy plus Mitomycin-C in the treatment of regressed refractive errors after laser in situ keratomileusis
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: To investigate the application of mitomycin-C 0.02% (MMC) in the photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedure in correcting regressed myopia. Methods: Eighteen eyes of 11 patients with a spherical equivalent (SE) of less than -5 diopters (D) who had undergone laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) more than 2 years before were operated on. At the end of the PRK procedure, MMC was applied on the ablated stroma for 1 minute using a surgical sponge and then irrigated with 30 ml of cold sterile balanced salt solution. Patients had follow-up visits everyday until complete reepithelialization and then at 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> weeks, and at 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, and 6<sup>th</sup> months postoperatively. Results: The mean preoperative sphere and cylinder were -1.23 D and -1.29 D, respectively, which improved to -0.08 D and -0.30 D, six months after surgery. Mean uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA) before reoperation were 0.41 and 0.06 logMAR that postoperatively changed to 0.13 and 0.04 logMAR, respectively. At 6 months after surgery, there was no sign of haze formation in any eye. The safety and efficacy indices were 1.13 and 1.06 at this time, respectively. Conclusion: The application of MMC in PRK for the treatment of low to moderate regressed myopia after LASIK is a safe and effective option. The risk of postoperative haze formation can be reduced using this method. -¬ 2010 by the Iranian Society of OphthalmologyIranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 01/2010; 22(1):36-40. -
Article: Laser in situ keratomileusis for the treatment of refractive errors in patients with multiple sclerosis
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: To assess the outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) Methods: 15 eyes of 8 patients with MS (2 men and 6 women) who referred for myopia treatment (with or without astigmatism) were undergone LASIK. After refractive and visual acuity examinations, topographic and pachymetry screening, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, biomicroscopy and retinal examination, those eligible for the LASIK surgery were included in the study. Patients with any signs and symptoms of optic neuritis in at least 6 months prior to the surgery were excluded. The patients were followed-up between 6 months (one patient) to 5 years after surgery. Mean spherical equivalent (SE), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the patients were recorded at 6 month after surgery. Follow-ups were done at the same day of the surgery and a week, 1, 6 months, and on annual basis after surgery. Results: Mean age of the patients was 28.88-¦6.38 years and the MS diagnosis in patients dated back to 5.31-¦3.83 years before the study. The first episode of attacks happened 1.04-¦0.59 years after surgery. Mean SE of patients was -4.10-¦1.67 D before surgery that improved to -0.27-¦0.29 D after it. Mean UCVA of the patients was 0.11-¦0.07 before surgery and improved to 0.86-¦0.18 after surgery. Mean BCVA of the patients was 0.89-¦0.18 before and after surgery. Paired Sample T-test showed significant differences between mean SE and mean UCVA differences both before and after surgery. Conclusion: In our study, LASIK seems to be a safe surgery in MS patients. -¬ 2010 by the Iranian Society of OphthalmologyIranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 01/2010; 22(3):9-12. -
Article: Confocal microscopy of corneal stroma and endothelium after LASIK and PRK
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ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To compare with confocal microscopy the changes in stromal keratocyte density and endothelial cell count due to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and LASIK. METHODS: In this prospective study, 32 eyes (16 myopic patients) were examined with the NIDEK Confoscan 3 confocal microscope before and 6 months after PRK and LASIK. The preoperative mean myopia was -2.85+/-0.99 diopters (D) (range: -1.00 to -4.00 D) in 24 eyes that underwent PRK and -2.94+/-0.96 D (range: -2.00 to -4.25 D) in 8 eyes that underwent LASIK. Keratocyte density in the anterior and posterior stroma and the endothelial cell count were measured. Statistically significant changes were assessed using the t test. P<.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Preoperative hexagonal cell percentage in the LASIK group was 52.17+/-11.43 and 51.33+/-10.98 in the PRK group. Postoperatively, the percentages were 52.96+/-7.55 and 53.34+/-10.2, respectively. Six months postoperatively, keratocyte density changed by 367.12+/-103.35 cells/mm(2) (34.7% reduction) in the anterior stroma (P<.05) and 9.25+/-28.28 cells/mm(2) (1.31% reduction) in the posterior stroma (P>.05) for the LASIK group. In the PRK group, these values were 319.71+/-83.45 cells/mm(2) (31.13% reduction) in the anterior stroma (P<.05) and 0.17+/-38.97 cells/mm(2) (0.02% reduction) in the posterior stroma (P>.05). The changes in keratocyte densities were not statistically significant between groups (P>.05). The mean number of keratocytes decreased by 37.2% in the retroablation zone of the LASIK group (P<.05). No changes were noted in endothelial cell counts. CONCLUSIONS: A significant decrease occurred in the number of stromal keratocytes in the anterior stroma. Despite differences in surgery, the change in keratocyte density and endothelial cell counts were similar between LASIK and PRK groups (P>.05)J Refract.Surg. 10/2009; 25(10 Suppl). -
Article: A comparative study with confoscan 3 on the cellular structure changes of cornea after keratorefractive surgery
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ABSTRACT: Purpose: To assess and to compare stromal and endothelial changes at the cellular level in patients who had photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using in vivo confocal microscopy Methods: In this semiexperimental study, 32 eyes of 16 patients (4 males and 12 females) with low to moderate myopia [-1.00 to -4.50 diopters (D)] or low to moderate myopic astigmatism (a total below 4.50 D and a max astigmatism of 1.50 D) were investigated. All participants had the history of PRK or LASIK surgery and were examined with Confoscan 3 confocal microscope (Nidek, Japan) before and 6 months after surgery. The densities of the keratocytes in the anterior and posterior stroma and the endothelial cell count (ECC) were measured. Finally the collected data was analyzed by SPSS16 and T-test. Results: The mean ablation depth in LASIK and PRK groups were 61.00-¦17.17 and 62.13-¦15.4 ++m, respectively. Six months after surgery, the mean cell density change in anterior and posterior stroma in LASIK group was 367.12-¦103.35 cells/mm<sup>2</sup> (34.7% reduction) and 9.25-¦28.28 cells/mm<sup>2</sup> (1.31% reduction) respectively. In the PRK group, these values were respectively 319.71-¦83.45 cells/mm<sup>2</sup> (31.13% reduction) and 0.17-¦38.97 cells/mm<sup>2</sup> (0.02% reduction). The ECC increased by 0.27% and 1.39% in LASIK and PRK groups, respectively. At retroablation zone in LASIK group, the mean number of keratocytes decreased by 37.2%. Conclusion: By Confoscan application, after both PRK and LASIK, a decrease in the number of stromal keratocytes which was more significant in the anterior stroma was found. On the other hand, there was a slight increase in the ECC compared to preoperative counts which may be attributed to counting errors. There was not any significant difference in stromal cell densities and the endothelial cell counts between LASIK and PRK groups. -¬ 2009 by the Iranian Society of OphthalmologyIranian Journal of Ophthalmology. 01/2009; 21(1):23-28.
