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A Pain,
U Böhme,
A E Berry,
K Mungall,
R D Finn,
A P Jackson,
T Mourier,
J Mistry,
E M Pasini,
M A Aslett, [......],
C Churcher,
M A Quail,
A F Cowman,
C M R Turner,
M A Rajandream,
C H M Kocken,
A W Thomas,
C I Newbold, B G Barrell,
M Berriman
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Plasmodium knowlesi is an intracellular malaria parasite whose natural vertebrate host is Macaca fascicularis (the 'kra' monkey); however, it is now increasingly recognized as a significant cause of human malaria, particularly in southeast Asia. Plasmodium knowlesi was the first malaria parasite species in which antigenic variation was demonstrated, and it has a close phylogenetic relationship to Plasmodium vivax, the second most important species of human malaria parasite (reviewed in ref. 4). Despite their relatedness, there are important phenotypic differences between them, such as host blood cell preference, absence of a dormant liver stage or 'hypnozoite' in P. knowlesi, and length of the asexual cycle (reviewed in ref. 4). Here we present an analysis of the P. knowlesi (H strain, Pk1(A+) clone) nuclear genome sequence. This is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be described, and it provides an opportunity for comparison with the recently completed P. vivax genome and other sequenced Plasmodium genomes. In contrast to other Plasmodium genomes, putative variant antigen families are dispersed throughout the genome and are associated with intrachromosomal telomere repeats. One of these families, the KIRs, contains sequences that collectively match over one-half of the host CD99 extracellular domain, which may represent an unusual form of molecular mimicry.
Nature 11/2008; 455(7214):799-803. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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S D Bentley,
S Brown,
L D Murphy,
D E Harris,
M A Quail,
J Parkhill, B G Barrell,
J R McCormick,
R I Santamaria,
R Losick,
M Yamasaki,
H Kinashi,
C W Chen,
G Chandra,
D Jakimowicz,
H M Kieser,
T Kieser,
K F Chater
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The sequencing of the entire genetic complement of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has been completed with the determination of the 365,023 bp sequence of the linear plasmid SCP1. Remarkably, the functional distribution of SCP1 genes somewhat resembles that of the chromosome: predicted gene products/functions include ECF sigma factors, antibiotic biosynthesis, a gamma-butyrolactone signalling system, members of the actinomycete-specific Wbl class of regulatory proteins and 14 secreted proteins. Some of these genes are among the 18 that contain a TTA codon, making them targets for the developmentally important tRNA encoded by the bldA gene. RNA analysis and gene fusions showed that one of the TTA-containing genes is part of a large bldA-dependent operon, the gene products of which include three proteins isolated from the spore surface by detergent washing (SapC, D and E), and several probable metabolic enzymes. SCP1 shows much evidence of recombinational interactions with other replicons and transposable elements during its history. For example, it has two sets of partitioning genes (which may explain why an integrated copy of SCP1 partially suppressed the defective partitioning of a parAB-deleted chromosome during sporulation). SCP1 carries a cluster of probable transfer determinants and genes encoding likely DNA polymerase III subunits, but it lacks an obvious candidate gene for the terminal protein associated with its ends. This may be related to atypical features of its end sequences.
Molecular Microbiology 04/2004; 51(6):1615-28. · 5.01 Impact Factor
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S. D. Bentley,
S. Brown,
L. D. Murphy,
D. E. Harris,
M. A. Quail,
J. Parkhill, B. G. Barrell,
J. R. McCormick,
R. I. Santamaria,
R. Losick,
M. Yamasaki,
H. Kinashi,
C. W. Chen,
G. Chandra,
D. Jakimowicz,
H. M. Kieser,
T. Kieser,
K. F. Chater
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The sequencing of the entire genetic complement of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has been completed with the determination of the 365 023 bp sequence of the linear plasmid SCP1. Remarkably, the functional distribution of SCP1 genes somewhat resembles that of the chromosome: predicted gene products/functions include ECF sigma factors, antibiotic biosynthesis, a gamma-butyrolactone signalling system, members of the actinomycete-specific Wbl class of regulatory proteins and 14 secreted proteins. Some of these genes are among the 18 that contain a TTA codon, making them targets for the developmentally important tRNA encoded by the bldA gene. RNA analysis and gene fusions showed that one of the TTA-containing genes is part of a large bldA-dependent operon, the gene products of which include three proteins isolated from the spore surface by detergent washing (SapC, D and E), and several probable metabolic enzymes. SCP1 shows much evidence of recombinational interactions with other replicons and transposable elements during its history. For example, it has two sets of partitioning genes (which may explain why an integrated copy of SCP1 partially suppressed the defective partitioning of a parAB-deleted chromosome during sporulation). SCP1 carries a cluster of probable transfer determinants and genes encoding likely DNA polymerase III subunits, but it lacks an obvious candidate gene for the terminal protein associated with its ends. This may be related to atypical features of its end sequences.
Molecular Microbiology 02/2004; 51(6):1615 - 1628. · 5.01 Impact Factor
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A M Cerdeño-Tárraga,
A Efstratiou,
L G Dover,
M T G Holden,
M Pallen,
S D Bentley,
G S Besra,
C Churcher,
K D James,
A De Zoysa, [......],
K Jagels,
S Moule,
M A Quail,
E Rabbinowitsch,
K M Rutherford,
N R Thomson,
L Unwin,
S Whitehead, B G Barrell,
J Parkhill
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a Gram-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, pleomorphic rod belonging to the genus Corynebacterium and the actinomycete group of organisms. The organism produces a potent bacteriophage-encoded protein exotoxin, diphtheria toxin (DT), which causes the symptoms of diphtheria. This potentially fatal infectious disease is controlled in many developed countries by an effective immunisation programme. However, the disease has made a dramatic return in recent years, in particular within the Eastern European region. The largest, and still on-going, outbreak since the advent of mass immunisation started within Russia and the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union in the 1990s. We have sequenced the genome of a UK clinical isolate (biotype gravis strain NCTC13129), representative of the clone responsible for this outbreak. The genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 2 488 635 bp, with no plasmids. It provides evidence that recent acquisition of pathogenicity factors goes beyond the toxin itself, and includes iron-uptake systems, adhesins and fimbrial proteins. This is in contrast to Corynebacterium's nearest sequenced pathogenic relative, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, where there is little evidence of recent horizontal DNA acquisition. The genome itself shows an unusually extreme large-scale compositional bias, being noticeably higher in G+C near the origin than at the terminus.
Nucleic Acids Research 12/2003; 31(22):6516-23. · 8.03 Impact Factor
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N Hall,
A Pain,
M Berriman,
C Churcher,
B Harris,
D Harris,
K Mungall,
S Bowman,
R Atkin,
S Baker, [......],
K Stevens,
K Taylor,
A Tivey,
L Unwin,
S Whitehead,
J Woodward,
J E Sulston,
A Craig,
C Newbold, B G Barrell
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Since the sequencing of the first two chromosomes of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, there has been a concerted effort to sequence and assemble the entire genome of this organism. Here we report the sequence of chromosomes 1, 3-9 and 13 of P. falciparum clone 3D7--these chromosomes account for approximately 55% of the total genome. We describe the methods used to map, sequence and annotate these chromosomes. By comparing our assemblies with the optical map, we indicate the completeness of the resulting sequence. During annotation, we assign Gene Ontology terms to the predicted gene products, and observe clustering of some malaria-specific terms to specific chromosomes. We identify a highly conserved sequence element found in the intergenic region of internal var genes that is not associated with their telomeric counterparts.
Nature 11/2002; 419(6906):527-31. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Comparisons between the genomes of the closely related nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae reveal high rates of rearrangement, with a bias towards within-chromosome events. To assess whether this pattern is true of nematodes in general, we have used genome sequence to compare two nematode species that last shared a common ancestor approximately 300 million years ago: the model C. elegans and the filarial parasite Brugia malayi.
An 83 kb region flanking the gene for Bm-mif-1 (macrophage migration inhibitory factor, a B. malayi homolog of a human cytokine) was sequenced. When compared to the complete genome of C. elegans, evidence for conservation of long-range synteny and microsynteny was found. Potential C. elegans orthologs for II of the 12 protein-coding genes predicted in the B. malayi sequence were identified. Ten of these orthologs were located on chromosome I, with eight clustered in a 2.3 Mb region. While several, relatively local, intrachromosomal rearrangements have occurred, the order, composition, and configuration of two gene clusters, each containing three genes, was conserved. Comparison of B. malayi BAC-end genome survey sequence to C. elegans also revealed a bias towards intrachromosome rearrangements.
We suggest that intrachromosomal rearrangement is a major force driving chromosomal organization in nematodes, but is constrained by the interdigitation of functional elements of neighboring genes.
Genome biology 10/2002; 3(10):RESEARCH0057. · 6.63 Impact Factor
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S D Bentley,
K F Chater,
A-M Cerdeño-Tárraga,
G L Challis,
N R Thomson,
K D James,
D E Harris,
M A Quail,
H Kieser,
D Harper, [......],
S Sharp,
R Squares,
S Squares,
K Taylor,
T Warren,
A Wietzorrek,
J Woodward, B G Barrell,
J Parkhill,
D A Hopwood
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Streptomyces coelicolor is a representative of the group of soil-dwelling, filamentous bacteria responsible for producing most natural antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. Here we report the 8,667,507 base pair linear chromosome of this organism, containing the largest number of genes so far discovered in a bacterium. The 7,825 predicted genes include more than 20 clusters coding for known or predicted secondary metabolites. The genome contains an unprecedented proportion of regulatory genes, predominantly those likely to be involved in responses to external stimuli and stresses, and many duplicated gene sets that may represent 'tissue-specific' isoforms operating in different phases of colonial development, a unique situation for a bacterium. An ancient synteny was revealed between the central 'core' of the chromosome and the whole chromosome of pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The genome sequence will greatly increase our understanding of microbial life in the soil as well as aiding the generation of new drug candidates by genetic engineering.
Nature 06/2002; 417(6885):141-7. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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V Wood,
R Gwilliam,
M-A Rajandream,
M Lyne,
R Lyne,
A Stewart,
J Sgouros,
N Peat,
J Hayles,
S Baker, [......],
L Cerutti,
T Lowe,
W R McCombie,
I Paulsen,
J Potashkin,
G V Shpakovski,
D Ussery, B G Barrell,
P Nurse,
L Cerrutti
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824. The centromeres are between 35 and 110 kilobases (kb) and contain related repeats including a highly conserved 1.8-kb element. Regions upstream of genes are longer than in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), possibly reflecting more-extended control regions. Some 43% of the genes contain introns, of which there are 4,730. Fifty genes have significant similarity with human disease genes; half of these are cancer related. We identify highly conserved genes important for eukaryotic cell organization including those required for the cytoskeleton, compartmentation, cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation and RNA splicing. These genes may have originated with the appearance of eukaryotic life. Few similarly conserved genes that are important for multicellular organization were identified, suggesting that the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes required more new genes than did the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization.
Nature 03/2002; 415(6874):871-80. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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K Eiglmeier,
J Parkhill,
N Honoré,
T Garnier,
F Tekaia,
A Telenti,
P Klatser,
K D James,
N R Thomson,
P R Wheeler,
C Churcher,
D Harris,
K Mungall, B G Barrell,
S T Cole
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Everything that we need to know about Mycobacterium leprae, a close relative of the tubercle bacillus, is encrypted in its genome. Inspection of the 3.27 Mb genome sequence of an armadillo-derived Indian isolate of the leprosy bacillus identified 1,605 genes encoding proteins and 50 genes for stable RNA species. Comparison with the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed an extreme case of reductive evolution, since less than half of the genome contains functional genes while inactivated or pseudogenes are highly abundant. The level of gene duplication was approximately 34% and, on classification of the proteins into families, the largest functional groups were found to be involved in the metabolism and modification of fatty acids and polyketides, transport of metabolites, cell envelope synthesis and gene regulation. Reductive evolution, gene decay and genome downsizing have eliminated entire metabolic pathways, together with their regulatory circuits and accessory functions, particularly those involved in catabolism. This may explain the unusually long generation time and account for our inability to culture the leprosy bacillus.
Leprosy review 01/2002; 72(4):387-98. · 1.04 Impact Factor
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J Parkhill,
B W Wren,
N R Thomson,
R W Titball,
M T Holden,
M B Prentice,
M Sebaihia,
K D James,
C Churcher,
K L Mungall, [......],
S Leather,
S Moule,
P C Oyston,
M Quail,
K Rutherford,
M Simmonds,
J Skelton,
K Stevens,
S Whitehead, B G Barrell
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: The Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of the systemic invasive infectious disease classically referred to as plague, and has been responsible for three human pandemics: the Justinian plague (sixth to eighth centuries), the Black Death (fourteenth to nineteenth centuries) and modern plague (nineteenth century to the present day). The recent identification of strains resistant to multiple drugs and the potential use of Y. pestis as an agent of biological warfare mean that plague still poses a threat to human health. Here we report the complete genome sequence of Y. pestis strain CO92, consisting of a 4.65-megabase (Mb) chromosome and three plasmids of 96.2 kilobases (kb), 70.3 kb and 9.6 kb. The genome is unusually rich in insertion sequences and displays anomalies in GC base-composition bias, indicating frequent intragenomic recombination. Many genes seem to have been acquired from other bacteria and viruses (including adhesins, secretion systems and insecticidal toxins). The genome contains around 150 pseudogenes, many of which are remnants of a redundant enteropathogenic lifestyle. The evidence of ongoing genome fluidity, expansion and decay suggests Y. pestis is a pathogen that has undergone large-scale genetic flux and provides a unique insight into the ways in which new and highly virulent pathogens evolve.
Nature 11/2001; 413(6855):523-7. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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J Parkhill,
G Dougan,
K D James,
N R Thomson,
D Pickard,
J Wain,
C Churcher,
K L Mungall,
S D Bentley,
M T Holden, [......],
S Moule,
P O'Gaora,
C Parry,
M Quail,
K Rutherford,
M Simmonds,
J Skelton,
K Stevens,
S Whitehead, B G Barrell
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi) is the aetiological agent of typhoid fever, a serious invasive bacterial disease of humans with an annual global burden of approximately 16 million cases, leading to 600,000 fatalities. Many S. enterica serovars actively invade the mucosal surface of the intestine but are normally contained in healthy individuals by the local immune defence mechanisms. However, S. typhi has evolved the ability to spread to the deeper tissues of humans, including liver, spleen and bone marrow. Here we have sequenced the 4,809,037-base pair (bp) genome of a S. typhi (CT18) that is resistant to multiple drugs, revealing the presence of hundreds of insertions and deletions compared with the Escherichia coli genome, ranging in size from single genes to large islands. Notably, the genome sequence identifies over two hundred pseudogenes, several corresponding to genes that are known to contribute to virulence in Salmonella typhimurium. This genetic degradation may contribute to the human-restricted host range for S. typhi. CT18 harbours a 218,150-bp multiple-drug-resistance incH1 plasmid (pHCM1), and a 106,516-bp cryptic plasmid (pHCM2), which shows recent common ancestry with a virulence plasmid of Yersinia pestis.
Nature 11/2001; 413(6858):848-52. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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N Dorrell,
J A Mangan,
K G Laing,
J Hinds,
D Linton,
H Al-Ghusein, B G Barrell,
J Parkhill,
N G Stoker,
A V Karlyshev,
P D Butcher,
B W Wren
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. Whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 C. jejuni strains of diverse origin identified genes in up to 30 NCTC 11168 loci ranging from 0.7 to 18.7 kb that are either absent or highly divergent in these isolates. Many of these regions are associated with the biosynthesis of surface structures including flagella, lipo-oligosaccharide, and the newly identified capsule. Other strain-variable genes of known function include those responsible for iron acquisition, DNA restriction/modification, and sialylation. In fact, at least 21% of genes in the sequenced strain appear dispensable as they are absent or highly divergent in one or more of the isolates tested, thus defining 1300 C. jejuni core genes. Such core genes contribute mainly to metabolic, biosynthetic, cellular, and regulatory processes, but many virulence determinants are also conserved. Comparison of the capsule biosynthesis locus revealed conservation of all the genes in this region in strains with the same Penner serotype as strain NCTC 11168. By contrast, between 5 and 17 NCTC 11168 genes in this region are either absent or highly divergent in strains of a different serotype from the sequenced strain, providing further evidence that the capsule accounts for Penner serotype specificity. These studies reveal extensive genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and pave the way toward identifying correlates of pathogenicity and developing improved epidemiological tools for this problematic pathogen.
Genome Research 11/2001; 11(10):1706-15. · 13.61 Impact Factor
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C Hunt,
K Moore,
Z Xiang,
S M Hurst,
R C McDougall,
M A Rajandream, B G Barrell,
R Gwilliam,
V Wood,
M H Lyne,
S J Aves
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: The sequence has been determined of 80 888 bp of contiguous subtelomeric DNA, including the isp5 gene, from the right arm of chromosome I of Schizosaccharomyces pombe; 27 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 codons are present, giving a density of one gene per 3.0 kb. Seven of the predicted proteins are members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transport proteins, including four amino acid permease homologues, bringing this family of amino acid permease sequences to 17 in Sz. pombe, and a phylogenetic analysis is presented. Also encoded is an allantoate permease homologue, a sulphate permease homologue and a probable urea active transporter. Predicted non-membrane proteins include a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase), a class III aminotransferase, serine acetyltransferase, protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, esterase/lipase, oxidoreductase of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, aldehyde dehydrogenase, formamidase, amidase, flavohaemoprotein, a putative translation initiation inhibitor and a protein with similarity to a filamentous fungal conidiation-specific protein. The remaining six ORFs are likely to encode proteins, either because they have sequence similarity with hypothetical proteins or because they are known to be transcribed. Introns are scarce in the sequenced region: only three ORFs contain introns, with only one having multiple introns. The sequenced region also contains a single Tf1 transposon long terminal repeat (LTR). The sequence is derived from cosmid clones c869, c922 and c1039 and has been submitted to the EMBL database under entries SPAC869 (Accession No. AL132779), SPAC922 (AL133522) and SPAC1039 (AL133521).
Yeast 04/2001; 18(4):355-61. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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S T Cole,
K Eiglmeier,
J Parkhill,
K D James,
N R Thomson,
P R Wheeler,
N Honoré,
T Garnier,
C Churcher,
D Harris, [......],
S Simon,
M Simmonds,
J Skelton,
R Squares,
S Squares,
K Stevens,
K Taylor,
S Whitehead,
J R Woodward, B G Barrell
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Leprosy, a chronic human neurological disease, results from infection with the obligate intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium leprae, a close relative of the tubercle bacillus. Mycobacterium leprae has the longest doubling time of all known bacteria and has thwarted every effort at culture in the laboratory. Comparing the 3.27-megabase (Mb) genome sequence of an armadillo-derived Indian isolate of the leprosy bacillus with that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (4.41 Mb) provides clear explanations for these properties and reveals an extreme case of reductive evolution. Less than half of the genome contains functional genes but pseudogenes, with intact counterparts in M. tuberculosis, abound. Genome downsizing and the current mosaic arrangement appear to have resulted from extensive recombination events between dispersed repetitive sequences. Gene deletion and decay have eliminated many important metabolic activities including siderophore production, part of the oxidative and most of the microaerophilic and anaerobic respiratory chains, and numerous catabolic systems and their regulatory circuits.
Nature 03/2001; 409(6823):1007-11. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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C Seoighe,
N Federspiel,
T Jones,
N Hansen,
V Bivolarovic,
R Surzycki,
R Tamse,
C Komp,
L Huizar,
R W Davis,
S Scherer,
E Tait,
D J Shaw,
D Harris,
L Murphy,
K Oliver,
K Taylor,
M A Rajandream, B G Barrell,
K H Wolfe
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Gene order evolution in two eukaryotes was studied by comparing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence to extensive new data from whole-genome shotgun and cosmid sequencing of Candida albicans. Gene order is substantially different between these two yeasts, with only 9% of gene pairs that are adjacent in one species being conserved as adjacent in the other. Inversion of small segments of DNA, less than 10 genes long, has been a major cause of rearrangement, which means that even where a pair of genes has been conserved as adjacent, the transcriptional orientations of the two genes relative to one another are often different. We estimate that about 1,100 single-gene inversions have occurred since the divergence between these species. Other genes that are adjacent in one species are in the same neighborhood in the other, but their precise arrangement has been disrupted, probably by multiple successive multigene inversions. We estimate that gene adjacencies have been broken as frequently by local rearrangements as by chromosomal translocations or long-distance transpositions. A bias toward small inversions has been suggested by other studies on animals and plants and may be general among eukaryotes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 01/2001; 97(26):14433-7. · 9.68 Impact Factor
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Z Xiang,
K Moore,
V Wood,
M A Rajandream, B G Barrell,
J Skelton,
C M Churcher,
M H Lyne,
K Devlin,
R Gwilliam,
K M Rutherford,
S J Aves
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: One hundred and fourteen kilobase pairs (kb) of contiguous genomic sequence have been determined immediately distal to the his5 genetic marker located about 0.9 Mb from the centromere on the long arm of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome 2. The sequence is contained in overlapping cosmid clones c16H5, c12D12, c24C6 and c19G7, of which 20 kb are identical to previously reported sequence from clone c21H7. The remaining 93 781 bp of sequence contains 10 known genes (cdc14, cdm1, cps1, gpa1, msh2, pck2, rip1, rps30-2, sad1 and ubl1), 32 open reading frames (ORFs) capable of coding for proteins of at least 100 amino acid residues in length, one 5S rRNA gene, one tRNA(Pro) gene, one lone Tf1-type long terminal repeat (LTR) and one lone Tf2-type LTR. There is a density of one protein-coding gene per 2.2 kb and 22 of the 42 ORFs (52%) incorporate one or more introns. Twenty-one of the novel ORFs show sequence similarities which suggest functions of their products, including a cyclin C, a MADS box transcription factor, mad2-like protein, telomere binding protein, topoisomerase II-associated protein, ATP-dependent DEAH box RNA helicase, G10 protein, ubiquitin-activating e1-like enzyme, nucleoporin, prolyl-tRNA synthetase, peptidylprolyl isomerase, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, protein transport protein, coatomer epsilon, TCP-1 chaperonin, beta-subunit of 6-phosphofructokinase, aminodeoxychorismate lyase, a phosphate transport protein and a thioredoxin.
Yeast 12/2000; 16(15):1405-11. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: The sequence has been determined of 68 897 bp of genomic DNA including the expressed mat1 mating-type locus from Schizosaccharomyces pombe h(-S) strain 972. The DNA sequence, located on the long arm of fission yeast chromosome II and contained in two cosmid clones, was analysed to reveal one autonomously replicating sequence, two retrotransposon long terminal repeats (LTRs), one tRNA(Gly) gene and 33 open reading frames (ORFs), of which 15 contain introns. Nine of these ORFs code for previously described genes (trt1, rpl10, rps21, nif1, sui1 (psu1), matMi, matMc, let1 and rpa4), one of which (trt1) contains 15 introns, the highest number yet recorded in a gene of S. pombe. Of the remaining 24 ORFs, sequence similarity suggests that the function of 13 of the encoded proteins may be predicted and these include four mitochondrial proteins, two transport proteins, two signalling molecules, a component of serine palmitolytransferase, a homologue of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, a multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase, a killer toxin sensitivity factor and an acetyl transferase. Six deduced sequences appear to be related to proteins of unknown function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae or S. pombe and the remaining five are hypothetical proteins.
Yeast 09/2000; 16(11):1061-7. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, this current awareness service is provided by John Wiley & Sons and contains newly-published material on yeasts. Each bibliography is divided into 10 sections. 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Biochemistry; 4 Biotechnology; 5 Cell Biology; 6 Gene Expression; 7 Genetics; 8 Physiology; 9 Medical Mycology; 10 Recombinant DNA Technology. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. (5 weeks journals - search completed 31st May 2000)
Yeast 08/2000; 16(11):1069-76. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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J Parkhill,
M Achtman,
K D James,
S D Bentley,
C Churcher,
S R Klee,
G Morelli,
D Basham,
D Brown,
T Chillingworth, [......],
S Moule,
K Mungall,
M A Quail,
M A Rajandream,
K M Rutherford,
M Simmonds,
J Skelton,
S Whitehead,
B G Spratt, B G Barrell
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ABSTRACT: Neisseria meningitidis causes bacterial meningitis and is therefore responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in both the developed and the developing world. Meningococci are opportunistic pathogens that colonize the nasopharynges and oropharynges of asymptomatic carriers. For reasons that are still mostly unknown, they occasionally gain access to the blood, and subsequently to the cerebrospinal fluid, to cause septicaemia and meningitis. N. meningitidis strains are divided into a number of serogroups on the basis of the immunochemistry of their capsular polysaccharides; serogroup A strains are responsible for major epidemics and pandemics of meningococcal disease, and therefore most of the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Here we have determined the complete genome sequence of a serogroup A strain of Neisseria meningitidis, Z2491. The sequence is 2,184,406 base pairs in length, with an overall G+C content of 51.8%, and contains 2,121 predicted coding sequences. The most notable feature of the genome is the presence of many hundreds of repetitive elements, ranging from short repeats, positioned either singly or in large multiple arrays, to insertion sequences and gene duplications of one kilobase or more. Many of these repeats appear to be involved in genome fluidity and antigenic variation in this important human pathogen.
Nature 04/2000; 404(6777):502-6. · 36.28 Impact Factor
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J Parkhill,
B W Wren,
K Mungall,
J M Ketley,
C Churcher,
D Basham,
T Chillingworth,
R M Davies,
T Feltwell,
S Holroyd, [......],
A V Karlyshev,
S Moule,
M J Pallen,
C W Penn,
M A Quail,
M A Rajandream,
K M Rutherford,
A H van Vliet,
S Whitehead, B G Barrell
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ABSTRACT: Campylobacter jejuni, from the delta-epsilon group of proteobacteria, is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative, flagellate, spiral bacterium-properties it shares with the related gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. It is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world. In addition, infection with C. jejuni is the most frequent antecedent to a form of neuromuscular paralysis known as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Here we report the genome sequence of C. jejuni NCTC11168. C. jejuni has a circular chromosome of 1,641,481 base pairs (30.6% G+C) which is predicted to encode 1,654 proteins and 54 stable RNA species. The genome is unusual in that there are virtually no insertion sequences or phage-associated sequences and very few repeat sequences. One of the most striking findings in the genome was the presence of hypervariable sequences. These short homopolymeric runs of nucleotides were commonly found in genes encoding the biosynthesis or modification of surface structures, or in closely linked genes of unknown function. The apparently high rate of variation of these homopolymeric tracts may be important in the survival strategy of C. jejuni.
Nature 03/2000; 403(6770):665-8. · 36.28 Impact Factor
