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A Shimizu,
Y Wakita,
S Nagase,
M Okabe,
T Koji,
T Hayashi,
N Nagase,
A Sasaki,
J Kawano,
K Yamashita,
M Takagi
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ABSTRACT: A total of 90 strains of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from dogs were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. There were no significant differences in the distribution patterns of MICs between strains from 1982 to 1985 and those from 1999, and between strains from healthy dogs and those from diseased dogs. All of the strains were susceptible to ABPC, DMPPC, CEX, TDM, ERFX, BFLX, and FF at concentrations of 0.05 to 6.25 microg/ml. The MICs of OTC, KM, EM, AIV-TS, and LCM were distributed in a broad range of 0.1 to >100 microg/ml, indicating the existence of resistant as well as susceptible populations of S. intermedius. Thirty-three strains (36.7%) were resistant to one or more anitmicrobial agents such as OTC (n=32), KM (n=9), EM (n=7), AIV-TS (n=7), and LCM (n=7).
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 03/2001; 63(3):357-60. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine patterns of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from apparently healthy horses.
44 horses from 8 riding clubs in Japan.
Methicill in-resistant staphylococci were isolated from the skin or nares, using a selective medium containing a beta-(symboric) lactam antibiotic, ceftizoxime. Clonality of isolates was determined by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Detection of mecA, mecl, and mecR1 genes was accomplished by use of polymerase chain reactions.
Of the 44 horses, 13 (29.5%) yielded 15 isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The 15 isolates were identified as 6 species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S lentus, S saprophyticus, S xylosus, S sciuri, and S haemolyticus). However, methicillin-resistant S aureus was seldom isolated. Each isolate contained the mecA gene and had a high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Some isolates also were resistant to other antibiotics such as erythromycin and kanamycin.
Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci that were highly resistant to various antibiotics were isolated from apparently healthy horses in Japan. These organisms must be considered a potential threat to horses and veterinarians who care for them.
American Journal of Veterinary Research 12/2000; 61(11):1451-5. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus aureus coagulase type VII strains have been the strains most frequently isolated from staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks in Tokyo, Japan. We applied pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of chromosomal DNA digested with SmaI to characterize 129 coagulase type VII strains. These were isolated from 129 cases occurring in outbreaks in 35 districts during a 16-year period (1980-1995). The 129 outbreak strains were classified into three types, designated A (n = 115), B (n = 10), and C (n = 4). Types A and C were further divided into 33 (A1 to A33) and 4 (C1 to C4) subtypes, respectively. Strains of the same subtypes were isolated from food poisoning cases in the same districts at time intervals of 1 or 2 to 5 years. PFGE typing appears to be a useful method for subdividing strains of S. aureus coagulase type VII. A combination of coagulase typing and PFGE typing would provide more detailed information than the former method alone in epidemiologic investigations of staphylococcal food poisoning.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 11/2000; 38(10):3746-9. · 4.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Staphylococcus aureus from chickens in England, Belgium, Bulgaria, Argentina, and Japan, to assess the value of PFGE for discriminating strains, and to compare results obtained by PFGE with those obtained by biotyping and phage typing.
78 S aureus isolates from diseased and healthy chickens.
Chromosomal DNA of S aureus was digested with restriction endonuclease Sma I, and fragments were separated by PFGE in 1% agarose gel.
All 78 strains from 5 countries were classified as poultry ecovar according to a previously established biotyping system. Chromosomal DNA was cut by Sma I into 18 to 23 fragments ranging from about 3 to 685 kb. Seventy-eight strains produced 15 types, arbitrarily designated A to O, and 45 subtypes. Some differences were observed in PFGE patterns among countries. However, 10 fragments (333, 190, 110, 63, 55, 42, 34, 19, 10, and 3 kb) were highly conserved and were shared by almost all (> 78%) of the strains examined. The PFGE patterns were compared with those obtained by phage typing. All 29 strains belonging to avian phage-group II produced type A and 19 subtypes. Of the 15 strains belonging to phage-group I, 11 produced 8 types (B to H, O) and 5 subtypes that were different from those of type A.
Genomic DNA fingerprinting by PFGE is an effective technique for discriminating poultry S aureus strains and appears to be a useful method for subtyping strains of avian phage groups or the poultry-specific ecovar.
American Journal of Veterinary Research 12/1997; 58(12):1412-6. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to determine genetic relationships among 15 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from mares with metritis and from a stallion with dermatitis in Hokkaido. All the 15 isolates showed phage pattern 6/47/54/75, coagulase type IV, and enterotoxin type A. The restriction endonuclease SmaI cut their genomic DNAs into 15 or 16 fragments ranging in size from 8 to 630 kb. Fourteen of the 15 isolates showed the same PFGE pattern, whereas the remaining one appeared to be closely related. The 9 human MRSA isolates showing the same phenotypic characteristics as the horse isolates gave different PFGE patterns from those of the horse isolates.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 11/1997; 59(10):935-7. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: One hundred and thirty-eight strains of Staphylococcus hyicus and 21 strains of S. chromogenes isolated from animals were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after restriction endonuclease Smal digestion of chromosomal DNA. Eighty-eight strains of S. hyicus from pigs with or without exudative epidermitis (EE) generated 16 to 26 fragments in the size range of < 1 to 485 kb, and yielded 39 different patterns. With regard to the strains from pigs with EE, PFGE patterns differed according to the country of origin. Outbreaks of EE occurring on four separate pig farms in Japan involved S. hyicus with different PFGE patterns. The PFGE patterns shown by S. hyicus strains from 4 kinds of animals were compared. Strains from pigs differed from those isolated from chickens (n = 45; 18 to 24 fragments of < 1 to 425 kb), cows (n = 3; 17 to 19 fragments of < 1 to 475 kb), and goats (n = 2; 16 or 17 fragments of < 1 to 1,125 kb). Also, each of the chicken, cow and goat strains had a host-specific fragment. The results suggest that PFGE analysis might be a useful marker for distinguishing ecovars within S. hyicus. In contrast, strains of S. chromogenes from pigs and cows generated 17 to 24 fragments ranging from < 1 to 545 kb. The PFGE patterns of S. chromogenes strains were more highly conserved than those of S. hyicus. S. chromogenes strains could be distinguished from S. hyicus strains by fragments within the range of 305 to 545 kb. The results indicate that PFGE analysis could be used to distinguish between S. hyicus and S. chromogenes. We conclude that PFGE analysis is a useful tool not only for species or strain identification but also for epidemiologic or ecologic studies of S. hyicus and S. chromogenes.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 06/1997; 59(6):443-50. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the degree of polymorphism in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Staphylococcus intermedius and to assess the value of this typing method for discriminating strains.
52 S intermedius isolates from diseased and healthy dogs.
Chromosomal DNA of S intermedius was digested with restriction endonuclease Sma I, and the fragments were separated by PFGE in a 1% agarose gel.
Sma I cut the chromosomal DNA into 15 to 23 fragments ranging from about < 1 to 679 kb, and most of the detectable fragments were < 155 kb. Nine fragments, 115, 48, 33, 26, 16, 13, 10, 4, and < 1 kb, were shared by all or almost all (> 71%) of the strains examined. Of the 52 strains, each had a different pattern. S intermedius had a high degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism. The PFGE patterns obtained for S intermedius were stable and reproducible when the strains were tested in the different experiments.
Genomic DNA fingerprinting by PFGE is an effective technique for discriminating S intermedius strains. The PFGE method appears to be a useful molecular marker for epidemiologic or ecologic studies of S intermedius.
American Journal of Veterinary Research 11/1996; 57(10):1458-62. · 1.27 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from the nares and skin of 1- to 8-week-old healthy chickens in three flocks from a farm. Isolation of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci was positive for 72 (25.7%) of the 280 chickens tested, with the frequency varying from 2.2 to 100% according to flock. A total of 45 appropriate isolates were selected and subjected to identification. Of the 45 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates selected, 37 were identified as Staphylococcus sciuri, 5 were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 3 were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The distribution of the species was different among the flocks. Comparative analysis of the SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the isolates could have originated from a single clone of each of S. sciuri and S. saprophyticus and three clones of S. epidermidis. By two methods based on the PCR technique, the mecA gene was detected in all five representative isolates of each methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal clone. The nucleotide sequence of a PCR fragment obtained from an isolate of S. sciuri was completely identical to the corresponding region of mecA genes reported in human methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. The representative methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates were resistant to many beta-lactam antibiotics, and some isolates were also resistant to macrolide and aminoglycoside antibiotics. This is the first evidence of the existence of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from animals possessing the mecA gene.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 10/1996; 34(9):2072-7. · 4.15 Impact Factor
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Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 05/1992; 54(2):355-7. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ligated intestines of rabbits, mice, rats and chickens were used to examine the penetration of newly excysted juvenile flukes of Japanese Fasciola sp. in vitro. In rabbit intestines, the penetration rate was relatively high in the rectum and duodenum. Penetration rates in the jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon were comparable to those in the rectum and duodenum, although it was lower in the appendix. In the case of mouse, juvenile flukes penetrated the duodenum, jejunum, cecum, and rectum at considerably high rates. In rat intestine, penetration by flukes was less in the duodenum and rectum, although flukes were detected in the jejunum. In chicken intestine, flukes barely penetrated the duodenum, jejunum and rectum. Consequently, newly excysted flukes of Fasciola sp. seem to penetrate any region of the intestine in rabbits and mice. In rats, the middle small intestine may be the site suitable for flukes to penetrate. In chickens, the difficulty in penetration of the intestinal wall may be one of the reasons why chickens are scarcely infected with Fasciola sp.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 03/1992; 54(1):69-73. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Attempts were made to clarify the factors contributing to the resistance of chickens to infection with Japanese Fasciola sp. Infection was not successfully established in chickens by oral inoculation of metacercariae, nor by inoculation of excysted juvenile flukes into the body cavity or to the liver surface. Many metacercarial cysts were detected within two days in the feces of orally inoculated chickens. In the in vitro excystation test with chicken bile at 42 degrees C, metacercariae emerged successfully. These results indicate that the major resistant factors may not act during the migration from the mouth to the liver. Histopathological examination of the liver of experimental chickens could not prove the effect of a resistant factor. Excysted flukes were cultivated at 37-42 degrees C in RPMI1640 supplemented with calf serum, with the result that the survival rate of flukes fell with higher temperatures. When chicken serum was used instead of calf serum, flukes survived for a long period of time at 37 degrees C, while all died within four days at 42 degrees C. The higher body temperature of chickens than that of other mammalian hosts is considered to be the major factor contributing to the resistance of chickens to infection with Fasciola sp.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 03/1992; 54(1):75-9. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Seventy-six Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various lesions of horses were characterized. All of the 76 strains were identified as biotypes B (38.2%) and C (61.8%). Of 55 strains tested, 42 (76.4%) were differentiated into 7 coagulase types. Coagulase types V and VII were predominant in the metritis strains. Coagulase type II was found most frequently in the strains from phlegmon, dermatitis, sinusitis, empyema sinus, and nasal catarrh. Forty-two (55.3%) of the 76 strains were differentiated into 24 phage patterns. Twenty (58.8%) of 34 typable strains from metritis were lysed by the human group I phage 52, and group II phages 3A, 3C, 55 and 71. Forty-five (59.2%) of the 76 strains were resistant to 1 or more of 6 antibiotics. Strains resistant to penicillin G, irrespective of source, were most frequent (95.6%). Forty (93.0%) of 43 strains resistant to penicillin G alone or in combination with other antibiotics produced beta-lactamase. Only 8 (10.5%) of the 76 strains produced enterotoxins A (n = 2), B (n = 1) or C (n = 5), and they all were isolated from metritis. Only 1 strain isolated from phlegmon and 2 from metritis produced exfoliative toxin (ET) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), respectively. The latter 2 strains also produced enterotoxin C. The results of the present study showed the first evidence of the presence of both ET- and TSST-1-producing S. aureus isolated from horses.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 09/1991; 53(4):601-6. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Staphylococci were found in the tonsils of 121 (75.2%) of 161 cattle. There were 15 different species, 10 belonging to novobiocin-sensitive species. The most predominant species was S. simulans (79.3% of the 121 carriers), followed by S. aureus (20.7%), S. chromogenes (10.7%) and S. epidermidis (8.3%). The other 11 species were present in 0.8 to 5.8%. Twenty-six unidentifiable isolates were isolated from 26 (21.5%) carriers. Sixty-two (51.2%) of the 121 carriers yielded two to five Staphylococcus species together while only one species could be found in each of the other 59 (48.8%). Combinations of S. simulans and other species were most frequently encountered in 50 (41.3%) of the 121 carriers. Twenty-four (96.0%) out of 25 S. aureus isolates, 3 (42.9%) of 7 S. hyicus isolates and 45 (25.4%) of 177 coagulase-negative staphylococci (13 species and unidentifiable isolates) isolates were phage typable. Most of S. aureus isolates were lysed by bovine phages 119 (n = 16) or 116 (n = 5). Thirty-three (25.4%) of 45 coagulase-negative staphylococci typable isolates with Pulverer's phage set showed the phage pattern ph5/ph9/ph10/ph12/ph13/U4/U14/U16/++ +U20/U46. The tonsils of cattle thus appear to be a suitable environment for Staphylococcus species, particularly novobiocin-sensitive species.
Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science 11/1990; 52(5):963-8.
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Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science 07/1988; 50(3):825-7.
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Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science 11/1987; 49(5):819-24.
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Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science 09/1987; 49(4):703-9.
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ABSTRACT: Bacteriophage typing was performed on 285 strains of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from pigs, chickens, and cattle, using the 5 S. hyicus subsp. hyicus phages, S9, S13, S39, S188 and CH11. One hundred and twenty-eight (64.3%) of the 199 swine strains, 62 (100%) of the 62 chicken strains, and 24 (100%) of the 24 cattle strains were typable at either routine test dilution (RTD) or 100 X RTD. Most (124/128) of the typable swine strains showed phage patterns consisting of lytic reactions with one or more of the phages S9, S13, S39 and S188. Phage patterns including phage CH11 were detected in only 4 swine strains. All of the typable chicken strains showed phage patterns consisting of lytic reactions with phage CH11. Cattle strains had the phage patterns that were found most frequently in swine and chicken strains. This study suggested that phage typing might be a useful marker for distinguishing ecovars within S. hyicus subsp. hyicus.
Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology 07/1987; 265(1-2):57-61.
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Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science 06/1987; 49(3):427-32.
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Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science 01/1987; 48(6):1071-81.
