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Aimi Kawano,
Yoshihiro Tanaka,
Yoshinobu Ishitobi,
Yoshihiro Maruyama,
Tomoko Ando,
Ayako Inoue,
Shizuko Okamoto,
Junko Imanaga,
Masayuki Kanehisa,
Haruka Higuma,
Taiga Ninomiya,
Jusen Tsuru,
Jotaro Akiyoshi
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[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Salivary α-amylase (sAA) serves as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity. Salivary AA has not been extensively studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. In the current study, 45 OCD patients and 75 healthy volunteers were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Profile of Mood State (POMS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Measures of heart rate variability (HRV), sAA, and salivary cortisol were also obtained following the application of electrical stimulation stress. The Y-BOCS and POMS Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion scores were significantly increased in patients with OCD compared with healthy controls. In contrast, Vigor scores were significantly decreased in patients with OCD relative to scores in healthy controls. There was no difference in HRV between the patients and the controls. Salivary AA levels in female and male OCD patients were significantly elevated relative to controls both before and after electrical stimulation. In contrast, there were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between OCD patients and controls. The elevated secretion of sAA before and after stimulation may suggest an increased responsiveness to novel and uncontrollable situations in patients with OCD. An increase in sAA might be a characteristic change of OCD.
Psychiatry research. 12/2012;
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Yoshihiro Tanaka,
Yoshinobu Ishitobi,
Yoshihiro Maruyama, Aimi Kawano,
Tomoko Ando,
Junko Imanaga,
Shizuko Okamoto,
Masayuki Kanehisa,
Haruka Higuma,
Taiga Ninomiya,
Jusen Tsuru,
Hiroaki Hanada,
Koichi Isogawa,
Jotaro Akiyoshi
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary α-amylase (sAA) functions is as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity. However, in contrast to salivary cortisol, sAA has been less extensively studied in panic disorder patients. The present study measured sAA and salivary cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder following electrical stimulation stress. The authors determined Profile of Mood State (POMS) scores and State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, heart rate variability (HRV), and levels of sAA and salivary cortisol in 34 patients with panic disorder and 41 healthy volunteers following the application of electrical stimulation stress. 34 alprazolam-treated patients with panic disorder were divided into non-responder and responder group. Vigor scores in patients with panic disorder were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. Another score in POMS in patients with panic disorder were significantly increased compared with healthy controls. Trait and state anxiety of STAI in panic disorder patients were higher than healthy controls. There was no difference in either HRV or threshold of electrical stimulation applied between panic disorder patients and healthy controls. SAA levels in the responder group were significantly elevated compared with the non-responder group and controls both before and after electrical stimulation. In addition, there were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between responder and non-responder groups of patients with panic disorder and control. The sample may not be representative of the general population. These preliminary results suggest that sAA might be useful predictive biological markers of treatment responsiveness in patients with panic disorder.
Neuroscience Research 02/2012; 73(1):80-4. · 2.25 Impact Factor
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Yoshihiro Maruyama, Aimi Kawano,
Shizuko Okamoto,
Tomoko Ando,
Yoshinobu Ishitobi,
Yoshihiro Tanaka,
Ayako Inoue,
Junko Imanaga,
Masayuki Kanehisa,
Haruka Higuma,
Taiga Ninomiya,
Jusen Tsuru,
Hiroaki Hanada,
Jotaro Akiyoshi
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[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Cortisol is an essential hormone in the regulation of the stress response along the HPA axis, and salivary cortisol has been used as a measure of free circulating cortisol levels. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has also emerged as a novel biomarker for psychosocial stress responsiveness within the sympathetic adrenomedullary (SAM) system.
We measured sAA and salivary cortisol in healthy volunteers after exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and electric stimulation stress. One hundred forty-nine healthy volunteers participated in this study. All subjects were exposed to both the TSST and electric stimulation stress on separate days. We measured sAA and salivary cortisol levels three times immediately before, immediately after, and 20 min after the stress challenge. The State (STAI-S) and Trait (STAI-T) versions of the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory test and the Profile of Mood State (POMS) tests were administered to participants before the electrical stimulation and TSST protocols. We also measured HF, LF and LF/HF Heart Rate Variability ratio immediately after electrical stimulation and TSST exposure. Following TSST exposure or electrical stimulation, sAA levels displayed a rapid increase and recovery, returning to baseline levels 20 min after the stress challenge. Salivary cortisol responses showed a delayed increase, which remained significantly elevated from baseline levels 20 min after the stress challenge. Analyses revealed no differences between men and women with regard to their sAA response to the challenges (TSST or electric stimulations), while we found significantly higher salivary cortisol responses to the TSST in females. We also found that younger subjects tended to display higher sAA activity. Salivary cortisol levels were significantly correlated with the strength of the applied electrical stimulation.
These preliminary results suggest that the HPA axis (but not the SAM system) may show differential response patterns to distinct kinds of stressors.
PLoS ONE 01/2012; 7(7):e39375. · 4.09 Impact Factor
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Yoshihiro Tanaka,
Yoshinobu Ishitobi,
Yoshihiro Maruyama, Aimi Kawano,
Tomoko Ando,
Shizuko Okamoto,
Masayuki Kanehisa,
Haruka Higuma,
Taiga Ninomiya,
Jusen Tsuru,
Hiroaki Hanada,
Kensuke Kodama,
Koichi Isogawa,
Jotaro Akiyoshi
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by chronic stress. In comparison, psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary α-amylase (sAA) functions as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity. However, in contrast to salivary cortisol, sAA has been less extensively studied in MDD patients. The present study measured sAA and salivary cortisol levels in patients with MDD. The authors determined Profile of Mood State (POMS) and State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and sAA and salivary cortisol levels in 88 patients with MDD and 41 healthy volunteers following the application of electrical stimulation stress. Patients with major depressive disorder were 8 points or more on Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) scores. Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue, and Confusion scores in patients with major depressive disorder were significantly increased compared to healthy controls. In contrast, Vigor scores in patients with MDD were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. There was no difference in heart rate variability measures between MDD patients and healthy controls. The threshold of electrical stimulation applied in MDD patients was lower than that in healthy controls. SAA levels in female MDD patients were significantly elevated relative to controls both before and after electrical stimulation. Finally, there were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between major depressive patients and controls. In the present study only three time points were explored. Furthermore, the increased secretion of sAA before and after stimulation could allude to an increased responsiveness of novel and uncontrollable situations in patients with MDD. These preliminary results suggest that sAA might be a useful biological marker of MDD.
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 10/2011; 36(2):220-4. · 3.25 Impact Factor
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Jotaro Akiyoshi,
Yoshihiro Tanaka,
Koichi Isogawa,
Yoshinobu Ishitobi,
JusenTsuru,
Tomoko Ando, Aimi Kawano,
Shizuko Okamoto,
Masayuki Kanehisa,
Yoshihiro Maruyama,
Haruka Higuma,
Taiga Ninomiya,
Hiroaki Hanada,
Kensuke Kodama
09/2011; , ISBN: 978-953-307-560-0
