-
K. Abe,
N. Abgrall,
H. Aihara,
T. Akiri,
J. B. Albert,
C. Andreopoulos,
S. Aoki,
A. Ariga,
T. Ariga,
S. Assylbekov, [......],
N. Yershov,
M. Yokoyama,
Ì T. Yuan,
A. Zalewska,
L. Zambelli,
K. Zaremba,
M. Ziembicki,
E. D. Zimmerman,
M. Zito,
and J. Zmuda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: T2K has performed the first measurement of \nu{\mu} inclusive charged current
interactions on carbon at neutrino energies of ~1 GeV where the measurement is
reported as a flux-averaged double differential cross section in muon momentum
and angle. The flux is predicted by the beam Monte Carlo and external data,
including the results from the NA61/SHINE experiment. The data used for this
measurement were taken in 2010 and 2011, with a total of 10.8 x 10^{19}
protons-on-target. The analysis is performed on 4485 inclusive charged current
interaction candidates selected in the most upstream fine-grained scintillator
detector of the near detector.
The flux-averaged total cross section is <\sigma_CC>_\phi =(6.91 +/- 0.13
(stat) +/- 0.84 (syst)) x10^{-39} cm^2/nucleon for a mean neutrino energy of
0.85 GeV.
02/2013;
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Collaboration,
K. Abe,
N. Abgrall,
H. Aihara,
T. Akiri,
J. B. Albert,
C. Andreopoulos,
S. Aoki,
A. Ariga,
T. Ariga, [......],
N. Yershov,
M. Yokoyama,
T. Yuan,
A. Zalewska,
L. Zambelli,
K. Zaremba,
M. Ziembicki,
E. D. Zimmerman,
M. Zito,
J. Zmuda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment studies neutrino oscillations using an
off-axis muon neutrino beam with a peak energy of about 0.6 GeV that originates
at the J-PARC accelerator facility. Interactions of the neutrinos are observed
at near detectors placed at 280 m from the production target and at the far
detector -- Super-Kamiokande (SK) -- located 295 km away. The flux prediction
is an essential part of the successful prediction of neutrino interaction rates
at the T2K detectors and is an important input to T2K neutrino oscillation and
cross section measurements. A FLUKA and GEANT3 based simulation models the
physical processes involved in the neutrino production, from the interaction of
primary beam protons in the T2K target, to the decay of hadrons and muons that
produce neutrinos. The simulation uses proton beam monitor measurements as
inputs. The modeling of hadronic interactions is re-weighted using thin target
hadron production data, including recent charged pion and kaon measurements
from the NA61/SHINE experiment. For the first T2K analyses the uncertainties on
the flux prediction are evaluated to be below 15% near the flux peak. The
uncertainty on the ratio of the flux predictions at the far and near detectors
is less than 2% near the flux peak.
11/2012;
-
Collaboration,
K. Abe,
N. Abgrall,
Y. Ajima,
H. Aihara,
J. B. Albert,
C. Andreopoulos,
B. Andrieu,
M. D. Anerella,
S. Aoki, [......],
M. Yokoyama,
T. Yuan,
A. Zalewska,
J. Zalipska,
L. Zambelli,
K. Zaremba,
M. Ziembicki,
E. D. Zimmerman,
M. Zito,
J. Zmuda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report a measurement of muon-neutrino disappearance in the T2K experiment.
The 295-km muon-neutrino beam from Tokai to Kamioka is the first implementation
of the off-axis technique in a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment.
With data corresponding to 1.43 10**20 protons on target, we observe 31
fully-contained single muon-like ring events in Super-Kamiokande, compared with
an expectation of 104 +- 14 (syst) events without neutrino oscillations. The
best-fit point for two-flavor nu_mu -> nu_tau oscillations is sin**2(2
theta_23) = 0.98 and |\Delta m**2_32| = 2.65 10**-3 eV**2. The boundary of the
90 % confidence region includes the points (sin**2(2 theta_23),|\Delta
m**2_32|) = (1.0, 3.1 10**-3 eV**2), (0.84, 2.65 10**-3 eV**2) and (1.0, 2.2
10**-3 eV**2).
01/2012;
-
S. Assylbekov,
B. E. Berger,
H. Berns, D. Beznosko,
A. Bodek,
R. Bradford,
N. Buchanan,
H. Budd,
Y. Caffari,
K. Connolly, [......],
A. S. Tadepalli,
I. J. Taylor,
W. Toki,
C. Vanek,
D. Warner,
A. Weber,
R. J. Wilkes,
R. J. Wilson,
C. Yanagisawa,
T. Yuan
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Pi-Zero detector (P{\O}D) is one of the subdetectors that makes up the
off-axis near detector for the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) long baseline neutrino
experiment. The primary goal for the P{\O}D is to measure the relevant cross
sections for neutrino interactions that generate pi-zero's, especially the
cross section for neutral current pi-zero interactions, which are one of the
dominant sources of background to the electron neutrino appearance signal in
T2K. The P{\O}D is composed of layers of plastic scintillator alternating with
water bags and brass sheets or lead sheets and is one of the first detectors to
use Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) on a large scale.
11/2011;
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K Abe,
N. Abgrall,
Y. Ajima,
H. Aihara,
J. B. Albert,
C. Andreopoulos,
B Andrieu,
M. D. Anerella,
S Aoki,
O. Araoka, [......],
M Yokoyama,
T Yuan,
A Zalewska,
J. Zalipska,
L. Zambelli,
K Zaremba,
M Ziembicki,
E. D. Zimmerman,
M Zito,
J. Zmuda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Precise measurement of neutrino beam direction and intensity was achieved
based on a new concept with modularized neutrino detectors. INGRID (Interactive
Neutrino GRID) is an on-axis near detector for the T2K long baseline neutrino
oscillation experiment. INGRID consists of 16 identical modules arranged in
horizontal and vertical arrays around the beam center. The module has a
sandwich structure of iron target plates and scintillator trackers. INGRID
directly monitors the muon neutrino beam profile center and intensity using the
number of observed neutrino events in each module. The neutrino beam direction
is measured with accuracy better than 0.4 mrad from the measured profile
center. The normalized event rate is measured with 4% precision.
11/2011;
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K Abe,
N Abgrall,
Y Ajima,
H Aihara,
J B Albert,
C Andreopoulos,
B Andrieu,
S Aoki,
O Araoka,
J Argyriades, [......],
N Yershov,
M Yokoyama,
A Zalewska,
J Zalipska,
L Zambelli,
K Zaremba,
M Ziembicki,
E D Zimmerman,
M Zito,
J Żmuda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The T2K experiment observes indications of ν(μ) → ν(e) appearance in data accumulated with 1.43×10(20) protons on target. Six events pass all selection criteria at the far detector. In a three-flavor neutrino oscillation scenario with |Δm(23)(2)| = 2.4×10(-3) eV(2), sin(2)2θ(23) = 1 and sin(2)2θ(13) = 0, the expected number of such events is 1.5±0.3(syst). Under this hypothesis, the probability to observe six or more candidate events is 7×10(-3), equivalent to 2.5σ significance. At 90% C.L., the data are consistent with 0.03(0.04) < sin(2)2θ(13) < 0.28(0.34) for δ(CP) = 0 and a normal (inverted) hierarchy.
Physical Review Letters 07/2011; 107(4):041801. · 7.37 Impact Factor
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Collaboration,
N. Abgrall,
H. Aihara,
Y. Ajima,
J. B. Albert,
D. Allan,
P. -A. Amaudruz,
C. Andreopoulos,
B. Andrieu,
M. D. Anerella, [......],
S. Yen,
N. Yershov,
M. Yokoyama,
A. Zalewska,
J. Zalipska,
K. Zaremba,
M. Ziembicki,
E. D. Zimmerman,
M. Zito,
J. Zmuda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its
main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle
{\theta}_{13} by observing {\nu}_e appearance in a {\nu}_{\mu} beam. It also
aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters,
{\Delta}m^{2}_{23} and sin^{2} 2{\theta}_{23}, via {\nu}_{\mu} disappearance
studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross section
measurements and sterile neutrino searches. The experiment uses an intense
proton beam generated by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is
composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far
detector (Super-Kamiokande) located 295 km away from J-PARC. This paper
provides a comprehensive review of the instrumentation aspect of the T2K
experiment and a summary of the vital information for each subsystem.
06/2011;
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Detailed measurements of the wavelength shifting fiber response to a stable and reliable light source are presented. Particulars about materials, a double reference method, and measurement technique are included. The fibers studied were several hundred Kuraray, Y-11, multiclad, 1.2-mm outer diameter wavelength shifting fibers, each cut from a reel to about one meter length. The fibers were polished, mirrored, and the mirrors were UV epoxy protected. Each fiber passed quality control requirements before installation. About 94% of the fibers tested have a response within 1% of the overall mean
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 01/2007; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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D. Beznosko,
G Blazey,
D Chakraborty,
A Dyshkant,
K. Francis,
D. Kubik,
J G R Lima,
J. McCormick,
R. McIntosh,
V. Rykalin,
V Zutshi
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present two software packages developed to support detector R&D studies for the International Linear Collider. LCDG4 is a full-detector simulator that provides energy deposits from particles traversing the sensitive volumes of the detector. It has been extensively used within the American ILC community, providing data for algorithm development and detector optimization studies. DigiSim models real-life digitization effects, converting the idealized response into simulated detector readout. It has many useful features to improve the realism in modeling detector response. The main characteristics of these two complementary packages are discussed.
08/2005;
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this article we show the latest results on the characteristics of the MRS (metal/resistor/semiconductor) photodiode. They include measurements of noise vs. threshold characteristics, noise frequency and signal amplitude dependence on the applied voltage and temperature and irradiation dose, and stability as a function of time. The photoelectron separation for this sensor is measured using a signal from a light emitting diode (LED). The response of the photodetector to light from the extruded 5 mm thick long strips of scintillator is studied using cosmic ray muons. Also, fiber-sensor alignment effects were studied. The results are promising and illustrate the potential use of MRS as photosensors in wide range of detectors.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2004 IEEE; 11/2004
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The possibility to produce a scintillator that satisfies the demands of physicists from different science areas has emerged with the installation of an extrusion line at FNAL (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory). The extruder is the product of the fruitful collaboration between FNAL and NICADD NIU (Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development at Northern Illinois University). The results from light output, light attenuation length and mechanical tolerance indicate that FNAL-NICADD scintillator is of high quality. Improvements in the extrusion die will yield better scintillator profiles and decrease the time needed for initial tuning. This paper will present the characteristics of the FNAL-NICADD scintillator based on the measurements performed. They include the response to MIPs from cosmic rays for individual extruded strips and irradiation studies where extruded samples were irradiated up to 1 Mrad. We will also discuss the results achieved with a new die design. The attractive perspective of using the extruded scintillator with MRS (metal resistive semiconductor) photodetector readout will also be shown.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2004 IEEE; 11/2004
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A. Dyshkant, D. Beznosko,
G. Blazey,
D. Chakraborty,
K. Francis,
D. Kubik,
J.G. Lima,
M.I. Martin,
J. McCormick,
V. Rykalin,
V. Zutshi
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report on the feasibility of a scintillator-based (semi) digital hadron calorimeter for the proposed linear collider detector (LCD). A finely segmented, (semi) digital hadron calorimeter, combined with energy flow algorithms, represents one of the most promising approaches to attaining the unprecedented jet energy resolutions required to fully exploit the physics potential of a future linear collider. At the Northern Illinois Center of Accelerator and Detector Development at Northern Illinois University we have made a number of initial studies of a scintillator-based (semi) digital tile calorimeter. These studies include determination of optimum cell size, comparison of light yield of cast and extruded scintillator cells, optimization of cell processing and performance of candidate photodetectors. Initial results are encouraging and indicate that a scintillator-based (semi) digital hadron calorimeter for the LCD merits continued study.
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 09/2004; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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A Dyshkant, D Beznosko,
G Blazey,
D Chakraborty,
K Francis,
D Kubik,
J G Lima,
M I Martin,
J Mccormick,
V Rykalin,
V Zutshi
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The ability to distinguish between hadronic W and Z decays is one of the most challenging requirements for the future linear collider detector. Such sensitivity requires unprecedented jet energy resolution, which may be possible with energy-flow algorithms. A calorimeter that is optimized for energy-flow must have fine lateral and longitudinal segmentation. Small scintillating cells with wavelength shifting fibre readout represent an attractive basis for a digital hadron calorimeter that trades dynamic range for superior granularity, at an affordable price. We present the expected jet resolution for such a device, based on Monte Carlo simulations. Then we describe the initial prototyping studies. In particular, detailed studies are presented on cell performance under different combinations of manufacture and assembly.
J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 01/2004; 30:954-389976470.
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The ability to distinguish physics signals that share common signatures involving multijet final states is crucial to the success of the future Linear Collider Detector (LCD). This translates into a requirement of attaining unprecedented precision in jet energy measurements. For example, to effectively separate W and Z bosons in their hadronic final states by reconstructing their invariant masses, one will require a jet energy resolution of dE/E<30%/sqrt(E), (E in GeV) which is about a factor of 2 better than the current best. The so-called "Energy-flow algorithms" (EFA) are widely believed to be the most promising to meet such an ambitious goal. EFAs have thus become an integral part of the general approach toward LCD design. The basic premise of EFAs is based on separating in a jet,. energy deposited by charged particles from those by neutrals, and substituting the former by more precise momentum measurements from the magnetized central tracker. A calorimeter optimized for EFAs must therefore have fine lateral and longitudinal segmentation necessary for tracking individual charged particles. As a possible solution, NICADD (Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development) proposes a digital hadronic calorimeter using scintillators as the active medium A digital (i.e., one- or two-bit readout) approach trades dynamic range to achieve finer spatial resolution. Responses of individual scintillating cells, an array of cells, and a 12-layer (12.7cm × 12.7cm) prototype module, to radioactive source and cosmic rays have been measured. Systematic studies of cell response under different combinations of manufacturing techniques, wavelength-shifting fiber types, reflective coating agents, splicing techniques, and photo-detectors are discussed together with simulation tools and algorithms that are being developed concurrently.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE; 11/2003
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present results on the operation and performance characteristics of the MRS (metal/resistor/semiconductor) photodiode. These include measurements of threshold characteristics, noise frequency, dependence of signal amplitude on the applied voltage and temperature, and stability as a function of time and radiation dose. The single photoelectron separation for this photosensor is demonstrated with a light emitting diode. The response of the photodetector to light produced in a scintillator is studied with cosmic ray muons and a 106 Ru source. In addition, fiber-sensor alignment issues were evaluated. The results are promising and illustrate the potential use of MRS as photosensors in high-energy physics detectors.
294040(29).
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The experimental results for the narrow scintillating elements with effective area about 20 cm2 are reported. The elements were formed from the single piece of scintillator and were read out via wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers with the Metal/Resistor/Semiconductor (MRS) photodiodes on both ends of each fiber. The count rates were obtained using radioactive source 90Sr, with threshold at about three photoelectrons in each channel and quad coincidences (double coincidences between sensors on each fiber and double coincidences between two neighboring fibers). The formation of the cells from the piece of scintillator by using grooves is discussed, and their performances were tested using the radioactive source by measuring the photomutiplier current using the same WLS fiber. Because effective cell area can be readily enlarged or reduced, this module may be used as an active element for calorimeter or muon system for the design of the future electron–positron linear collider detector. Experimental verification of the performance of the MRS photodiode in a strong magnetic field of 9 T, and the impact a magnet quench at 9.5 T are reported. The measurement method used is described. The results confirm the expectations that the MRS photodiode is insensitive to a strong magnetic field and therefore applicable to calorimetry in the presence of magnetic field. The overall result is of high importance for large multi-channel systems.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 564(1):178-184. · 1.21 Impact Factor
