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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article was to investigate the levels of metals, cadmium, lead, and zinc, in Western reef heron (Egretta gularis) (n = 15) in order to (1) examine the sex-related variation in trace metal accumulation and (2) determine the significant differences between the metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. Bird samples were collected from throughout the Hara biosphere reserve of southern Iran, during November and December 2010 and the concentration of metals were measured using a Shimadzu AA 680 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The overall cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations means were measured as 0.8 ± 0.1, 3.4 ± 1.1, and 29.4 ± 12.9 μg/g for kidney; 0.7 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.5, and 65.9 ± 20.7 μg/g for liver; and 0.2 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 17.6 ± 12.9 μg/g for pectoral muscle, respectively. The results showed that with the exception of cadmium in liver, there were no significant differences between males and females (t test, p > 0.05). In the contrast, the results indicated metal concentrations differed significantly in kidneys, livers, and pectoral muscles among tissues in Western reef heron (one-way analysis of variance, p < 0.001).
Toxicology and Industrial Health 12/2012; · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The metal levels (Hg, As, Cu, and Zn) in tissues of edible fish species (Pampus argenteus, Sillago sihama, Liza klunzingeri and Platycephalus indicus) were evaluated. The metal concentrations were found to follow the order: liver > kidney > gill > muscle, except for Zn from P. argenteus showing an inversion of liver and kidney. Generally, the benthic species (P. indicus and S. sihama) showed a marked potential for tolerating high metal levels. Significant negative correlations were found between fish size/age and metals concentration in the most organs. The element levels in the muscles were lower than the maximum allowable concentrations, except for mercury in S. sihama and P. indicus.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 11/2012; · 1.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The metal pollution in Sediments and Avicenna marina tissues in the Hara Biosphere Reserve was monitored for Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) with atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that the mean concentration of Pb, Cd, and Ni in the water and sediments were much higher than the recommended threshold limits in the most stations, also the highest means of Pb, Cd, and Ni were observed in Avicenna roots and it were 25.26 ± 4.86, 2.17 ± 0.74, and 26.72 ± 6.17 (μg g(-1)) respectively. Calculating BCF (bioconcentration factor) index illustrates that A. marina accumulates Pb, Cd, and Ni 1.62, 1.52 and 0.73 times greater than sediment levels respectively, So it can show that A. marina may be employed as a biological indicator exposure of Cd, Pb, and Ni with temporal monitoring, also the factories were main sources of metals contamination in the Hara Biosphere Reserve.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 07/2012; 89(4):799-804. · 1.02 Impact Factor
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Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 07/2012; 63(4):637. · 1.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study determined the concentration of heavy metals (Al, Cr, Cu, and Zn) in water and sediments at nine sites in the Hara biosphere reserve of southern Iran during the summer and winter 2010. Determination of Al, Cr, Cu, and Zn in water was carried out by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (Shimadzu, AA 610s) and in sediment by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, AA3030). Results showed that the heavy metal concentrations in the water samples decreased in the sequence of Zn > Al > Cu > Cr, while in sediment samples were Cr > Zn > Cu > Al. Data analysis indicated that with the exception of Al, there was a Pearson's correlation coefficient between pH and Cu, Zn, and Cr at α = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.001 in sediment (in winter), respectively. There were also significant differences between heavy metals of Cr, Cu, and Zn during the two seasons (p < 0.001) in the water and sediment.
Toxicology and Industrial Health 06/2012; · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to investigate the levels of metals, namely cadmium, lead, and zinc, in Siberian gull (Larus heuglini) (n = 15), in order to: (1) examine the sex and gender related variation in trace metal accumulation, and (2) to determine the significant between metal concentrations in the kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle. The concentrations were different between the tissues of bird as well as among the interaction (sex × age), but this difference (except cadmium in liver and zinc in kidney) between the gender (male and female) and age (adult and juvenile) didn't exist. Results showed that the metal concentrations in the Siberian gull were decreased in sequence of kidney > liver > muscle. The cadmium, lead, zinc concentration overall means they were measured as 2.2 ± 0.7, 8.8 ± 2.5, and 91.1 ± 37. 1 μg/g for kidney, 1.1 ± 0.2, 5.1 ± 0.8, and 68.3 ± 27.8 μg/g for liver, and 0.8 ± 0.1, 3.4 ± 0.6, and 34.4 ± 23.2 μg/g for pectoral muscle, respectively.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 04/2012; 89(1):102-6. · 1.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether local and imported cigarette brands used in , have elevated levels of metals or not. The produced data of cigarette brands are compared both with each other and with the existing brands in different countries.
In present study, nineteen various cigarettes brands were randomly purchased from the commercially available cigarettes in Iranian market (Birjand city) including local Iranian branded and imported cigarettes. All samples were analyzed for heavy metals, viz. Cd, ,Cu ,Co Ni, Zn and Pb by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted wet digestion method with nitric and perchloric acids.
The observed average metals concentrations for cadmium in all cigarette brands was 2.71 and ranging 1.76 to 3.20, copper 9.7 (5.18-17.6), cobalt 4.42 with range of 2.57-6.49, nickel 17.93 (10.0-30), zinc 27.02 (18.1-42.2) and value for lead was 2.07 with range of 1.05 to 3.10 (µg/g dry weight) and mean metals content per cigarette was also measured. The produced data of imported and local cigarette brands are discussed and compared together and with studies from elsewhere.
The investigation may confirm that the level of metal contents in Iranian cigarettes is similar to the other parts of the world. However, the concentration of these metals was slightly higher in comparison with other investigation.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Science 01/2012; 15(1):636-644. · 0.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the effects of water hardness on the toxicities of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) to a freshwater fish, Capoeta fusca.
Toxicity was investigated by static bioassay. Fish were exposed to cobalt (as CoCl(2)) and nickel (as NiCl(2)) for 96 h in waters with two levels of hardness ("hard" and "very hard", nominally 130 mg/L and 350 mg/L as CaCO(3), respectively).
Water hardness had a significant effect on the acute toxicity of both elements. The 96 h LC(50) values for Co were 91.7 mg/L and 204.8 mg/L in hard and very hard waters, respectively, and for Ni the 96 h LC(50) values were 78.0 mg/L and 127.2 mg/L, respectively.
The fish were more sensitive to Co and Ni toxicity in hard water than in very hard water; very hard water protects C. fusca against the toxicity of Co and Ni.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 12/2011; 24(6):656-60. · 1.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The main objectives of study were to monitor the metals concentrations, in freshwater fish species, Carassius gibelio and Esox lucius; and to identify any relationships between species and bioaccumulation of metals. The highest concentration of metals (cadmium, 1.96; copper, 24.2; zinc, 49.6; lead, 5.4; chromium, 4.4) between the fish species and tissues was in the liver of Esox lucius, while the lowest (cadmium,0.21; copper,7.2; zinc,19.4; lead,0.9; chromium,0.6 μg/g) found in the muscle of Carassius gibelio. Results showed that the metal concentrations were in fishes in descending order of zinc > copper > lead > chromium > cadmium, similarly in the tissue liver > kidney > gill ~ intestine > muscle.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 08/2011; 87(4):386-92. · 1.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is surveying in bioaccumulation pattern and depuration of cobalt in the liver tissue, gills, muscle and skin of fresh water fish Capoeta fusca. Therefore during July to September 2010, the C. fusca with an average weight of 18.8±2.1grams and total length of 13.1±0.8 cm from Birjand qanats were collected. Cobalt accumulation and elimination were studied in fish exposed to one-tenth of LC50 taken as 20 mg/L of 96 hr LC50 concentration of cobalt over 30 days of exposure. The results obtained indicate that at the end of 30 days of exposure, the total tissue organ cobalt concentration followed the pattern liver >gill >muscle > skin and gill >liver >skin>muscle for accumulation and elimination, respectively. Results showed that cobalt accumulation in the liver was higher than the other tissues. Besides, the results showed that the elimination level of cobalt in the gills was the highest. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the accumulation and elimination of cobalt in C. fusca is dependent on tissue and time.
World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 01/2011; 3:387-392.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate whether leaves of plane trees (Platanus orientalis) are damaged by traffic pollution, trees from a megacity (Mashhad, Iran) and a rural area were investigated. Soil and air from the urban centre showed enrichment of several toxic elements, but only lead was enriched in leaves. Leaf size and stomata density were lower at the urban site. At the urban site leaf surfaces were heavily loaded by dust particles but the stomata were not occluded; the cuticle was thinner; other anatomical properties were unaffected suggesting that plane trees can cope with traffic exhaust in megacities.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 09/2010; 85(3):251-5. · 1.02 Impact Factor
