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Publications (2)1.97 Total impact

  • Article: Methohexital zur Therapie des erhöhten intrakraniellen Drucks
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    ABSTRACT: HintergrundDie Barbiturate Pentobarbital und Thiopental wurden häufig bei Patienten mit erhöhtem intrakraniellem Druck („intracranial pressure“, ICP) eingesetzt; ihre Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen sind gut belegt. Über den Einfluss von Methohexital auf die Senkung gesteigerter ICP-Werte ist wenig bekannt. In der vorgestellten Studie wurde daher der Effekt von Methohexital auf den ICP von Patienten, bei denen die Standardmaßnahmen zum Ausgleich erhöhter ICP-Werte versagt hatten, untersucht. MethodeEs handelt sich um eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie. Einschlusskriterien waren Patientenalter ≥18Jahre, Methohexitalgabe für mindestens 12h und Vorhandensein einer ICP-Messung. Ausschlusskriterien waren Alter <18Jahre, Kontraindikationen gegen Barbiturate, Zeichen des Hirntods vor Beginn der Barbiturattherapie. Methohexital wurde nach einem vorgeschriebenen Algorithmus bei solchen Patienten eingesetzt, bei denen die Standardmaßnahmen zum Ausgleich des erhöhten ICP versagt hatten. Methohexital wurde wirkungsabhängig kontinuierlich in einer Dosis von 2–4–6mg/kgKG/h verabreicht, wenn der ICP für mehr als 20–30min über 20–25mmHg gelegen hatte, nachdem zuvor therapierbare Ursachen der ICP-Erhöhung ausgeschlossen worden waren. Es wurden die Aufzeichnungen des Patientendatenmanagementsystems der Jahre 2008/2009 verwendet, um ICP und zerebralen Perfusionsdruck („cerebral perfusion pressure“, CPP) vor und während der Methohexitalgabe zu vergleichen. Für statistische Analysen der Messwerte wurde der t-Test und für Häufigkeiten der χ2-Test angewendet. ErgebnisseMethohexital benötigten 36Patienten; von diesen erfüllten 30 die Einschlusskriterien. Von 26 der 30Patienten waren die Daten vollständig und wurden in die Datenanalysen aufgenommen. Methohexital senkte den ICP von 25,2 auf 19,8mmHg in den ersten 24h. Bei den 20 Überlebenden reduzierte Methohexital den ICP von 25,88 auf 14,25mmHg innerhalb der ersten 24h hoch signifikant. Bei den 6 Verstorbenen kam es trotz Methohexitalgabe zu einem Anstieg des ICP von 24 auf 32mmHg innerhalb der ersten 24h. SchlussfolgerungenMethohexital zeigt einen deutlichen Trend, die erhöhten ICP-Werte von Patienten, die gegen Standardmaßnahmen refraktär waren, zu senken. Bei den Überlebenden ist die Wirkung hoch signifikant. Bei Patienten, die nicht auf die Methohexitaltherapie ansprechen, ist das zu erwartende „outcome“ eher schlecht. BackgroundBarbiturate coma therapy is a useful method to control increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with severe brain damage if standard measures have failed to lower ICP. Pentobarbital (not available in Germany) and thiopental (in Germany only approved for induction of anesthesia) have frequently been used in patients with intracranial hypertension and the effects and side-effects are well-described. However, little is known about the effect of methohexital (the only barbiturate in Germany approved for maintaining anesthesia) in lowering increased ICP. Therefore, the effect of methohexital on ICP was studied in patients where standard measures had failed to control intracranial hypertension. MethodA retrospective observational study was carried out with the inclusion criteria of patient age ≥18 years and methohexital therapy for 12h or more with ICP monitoring in place. Methohexital was administered following a standardized algorithm to patients for whom standard measures, such as deep anesthesia, normoventilation, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) >65mmHg, osmotherapy, neurosurgical evacuation of mass lesions, had failed to lower ICP. Methohexital was used if the ICP had risen above 20–25mmHg for more the 20–30min and otherwise manageable causes for the ICP increase had been ruled out. Methohexital was given continuously in addition to standard analgesia and sedation in doses of 2–4–6mg/kg body weight (BW), depending on the ICP lowering effect. The records of the patient data management system from the years 2008/2009 were used to compare the ICP and CPP before and during methohexital administration. For statistical analyses Student’s t-test was applied for measured values and the χ2-test was applied for percentage values whereby p<0.05 was defined as being statistically significant. ResultsDuring the study period 36 patients required methohexital therapy and 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In 26 out of 30 patients the data were complete and these 26 patients were included in the data analyses. Of the patients 6 (23%) died due to elevated intracranial hypertension and 20 patients (77%) survived. In all patients methohexital lowered the ICP from 25.2mmHg (standard deviation, SD ±4.3mmHg) to 19.8mmHg (SD ±12.5mmHg) within the first 24h, this result closely failed to reach a level of significance. In the 20 survivors methohexital lowered the ICP from 25.88mmHg (SD ±4.8mmHg) to 14.25mmHg (SD ±6.9mmHg) within the first 24h, which is statistically highly significant. In non-survivors the ICP had risen from 24mmHg (SD ±2.6mmHg) to 32mmHg (SD ±16.3mmHg) within the first 24h despite all efforts. Due to the CPP driven volume and vasopressor therapy no significant changes in the CPP during methohexital administration were observed. No significant changes in brain temperature (as possible cause for the decrease of the ICP) were observed. Non-survivors received significantly more methohexital due to increased ICP and required significantly more vasopressor therapy to maintain a sufficient CPP. ConclusionsMethohexital showed a clear trend for decreasing ICP in patients with intracranial hypertension refractory to standard therapeutic measures. In survivors the effect was highly significant. Patients not responding to methohexital therapy seemed to have an unfavorable outcome. SchlüsselwörterBarbiturate–Koma–Hirnverletzungen–Intrakranielle Hypertension–Intrakranieller Druck KeywordsBarbiturate–Coma–Brain injuries–Intracranial hypertension–Intracranial pressure
    Der Anaesthesist 04/2012; 60(9):819-826. · 0.99 Impact Factor
  • Article: [Methohexital for treatment of intracranial hypertension].
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    ABSTRACT: Barbiturate coma therapy is a useful method to control increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with severe brain damage if standard measures have failed to lower ICP. Pentobarbital (not available in Germany) and thiopental (in Germany only approved for induction of anesthesia) have frequently been used in patients with intracranial hypertension and the effects and side-effects are well-described. However, little is known about the effect of methohexital (the only barbiturate in Germany approved for maintaining anesthesia) in lowering increased ICP. Therefore, the effect of methohexital on ICP was studied in patients where standard measures had failed to control intracranial hypertension. A retrospective observational study was carried out with the inclusion criteria of patient age ≥18 years and methohexital therapy for 12 h or more with ICP monitoring in place. Methohexital was administered following a standardized algorithm to patients for whom standard measures, such as deep anesthesia, normoventilation, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) >65 mmHg, osmotherapy, neurosurgical evacuation of mass lesions, had failed to lower ICP. Methohexital was used if the ICP had risen above 20-25 mmHg for more the 20-30 min and otherwise manageable causes for the ICP increase had been ruled out. Methohexital was given continuously in addition to standard analgesia and sedation in doses of 2-4-6 mg/kg body weight (BW), depending on the ICP lowering effect. The records of the patient data management system from the years 2008/2009 were used to compare the ICP and CPP before and during methohexital administration. For statistical analyses Student's t-test was applied for measured values and the χ(2)-test was applied for percentage values whereby p<0.05 was defined as being statistically significant. During the study period 36 patients required methohexital therapy and 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In 26 out of 30 patients the data were complete and these 26 patients were included in the data analyses. Of the patients 6 (23%) died due to elevated intracranial hypertension and 20 patients (77%) survived. In all patients methohexital lowered the ICP from 25.2 mmHg (standard deviation, SD ±4.3 mmHg) to 19.8 mmHg (SD ±12.5 mmHg) within the first 24 h, this result closely failed to reach a level of significance. In the 20 survivors methohexital lowered the ICP from 25.88 mmHg (SD ±4.8 mmHg) to 14.25 mmHg (SD ±6.9 mmHg) within the first 24 h, which is statistically highly significant. In non-survivors the ICP had risen from 24 mmHg (SD ±2.6 mmHg) to 32 mmHg (SD ±16.3 mmHg) within the first 24 h despite all efforts. Due to the CPP driven volume and vasopressor therapy no significant changes in the CPP during methohexital administration were observed. No significant changes in brain temperature (as possible cause for the decrease of the ICP) were observed. Non-survivors received significantly more methohexital due to increased ICP and required significantly more vasopressor therapy to maintain a sufficient CPP. Methohexital showed a clear trend for decreasing ICP in patients with intracranial hypertension refractory to standard therapeutic measures. In survivors the effect was highly significant. Patients not responding to methohexital therapy seemed to have an unfavorable outcome.
    Der Anaesthesist 04/2011; 60(9):819-26. · 0.99 Impact Factor