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ABSTRACT: The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(26)H(20)O(4), contains two independent conformers. The aromatic rings of the aroyl groups are twisted with respect to the naphthalene ring systems to form dihedral angles of 66.58 (6) and 66.45 (6)° in one conformer, and 75.00 (7) and 81.17 (6)° in the other conformer. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and by C-H⋯π inter-actions.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 05/2011; 67(Pt 5):o1250. · 0.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the crystal structure of the title cocrystal, 2C(24)H(18)ClNO(2)·C(6)H(12)N(2), the 1,4-diaza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octane mol-ecule is located on a twofold rotation axis and linked to the two triaryl-imine mol-ecules by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a 2:1 aggregate. C-H⋯Cl inter-actions are also observed. In the triaryl-imine mol-ecule, the naphthalene ring system makes dihedral angles of 80.39 (6) and 82.35 (6)°, respectively, with the phenyl and benzene rings. The dihedral angle between these two latter rings is 87.09 (7)°.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 01/2010; 66(Pt 10):o2498. · 0.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the title compound, C(28)H(24)O(4), the two 4-methyl-benzoyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions of the naphthalene ring system are aligned almost anti-parallel, the dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings being 9.64 (7)°. The dihedral angles between the two phenyl rings and the naphthalene ring system are 71.82 (6) and 71.58 (6)°. In the crystal, inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions between the carbonyl oxygen and aromatic hydrogen are observed.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 01/2010; 66(Pt 11):o2752. · 0.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the title compound, C(19)H(15)BrO(3), the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 62.51 (8)°. The bridging carbonyl C-C(=O)-C plane makes dihedral angles of 47.07 (6)° with the naphthalene ring system and 24.20 (10)° with the benzene ring. A weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond exists between the H atom of one meth-oxy group and the O atom of the other meth-oxy group in an adjacent mol-ecule. The crystal packing is additionally stabilized by two types of weak inter-molecular inter-actions involving the Br atom, C-H⋯Br and Br⋯O [3.2802 (14) Å].
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 01/2010; 66(Pt 11):o2795. · 0.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the title compound, C(19)H(15)BrO(3), the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 72.02 (9)°. The bridging carbonyl C-C(=O)-C plane makes dihedral angles of 70.88 (10) and 1.87 (12)°, respectively, with the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring. In the crystal, two types of weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions and a short Br⋯C contact [3.345 (2) Å] are observed.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 01/2010; 66(Pt 11):o2939. · 0.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(18)H(14)O(3), there is an intra-molecular O-H⋯O=C hydrogen bond between the carbonyl and hy-droxy groups on the naphthalene ring system. The angles between the C=O bond vector and the least-squares planes of the naphthalene ring system and the phenyl ring are 30.58 (6) and 42.82 (7)°, respectively, while the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the phenyl ring is 58.65 (5)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by pairs of inter-molecular O-H⋯O=C hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 01/2010; 66(Pt 10):o2677. · 0.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and atypical odontalgia (AO) are two conditions involving chronic oral pain in the absence of any organic cause. Psychiatrically they can both be considered as "somatoform disorder". From the dental point of view, however, the two disorders are quite distinct. BMS is a burning or stinging sensation in the mouth in association with a normal mucosa whereas AO is most frequently associated with a continuous pain in the teeth or in a tooth socket after extraction in the absence of any identifiable cause. Because of the absence of organic causes, BMS and AO are often regarded as psychogenic conditions, although the relationship between oral pain and psychologic factors is still unclear. Some studies have analyzed the psychiatric diagnoses of patients with chronic oral pain who have been referred from dental facilities to psychiatric facilities. No study to date has investigated patients referred from psychiatric facilities to dental facilities.
To analyze the psychiatric diagnoses of chronic oral pain patients, diagnosed with BMS and AO, and referred from psychiatric facilities to dental facilities.
Psychiatric diagnoses and disease conditions of BMS or AO were investigated in 162 patients by reviewing patients' medical records and referral forms. Psychiatric diagnoses were categorized according to the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision.
The proportion of F4 classification (neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders) in AO patients was significantly higher than in BMS patients. BMS patients were more frequently given a F3 classification (mood/affective disorders). However, 50.8% of BMS patients and 33.3% of AO patients had no specific psychiatric diagnoses.
Although BMS and AO are both chronic pain disorders occurring in the absence of any organic cause, the psychiatric diagnoses of patients with BMS and AO differ substantially.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 01/2010; 6:699-705. · 1.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Boron (B) is an essential element for plants, and B deficiency is a worldwide agricultural problem. In B-deficient areas, B is often supplied as fertilizer, but excess B can be toxic to both plants and animals. Generation of B deficiency-tolerant plants could reduce B fertilizer use. Improved fertility under B-limiting conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana by overexpression of BOR1, a B transporter, has been reported, but the root growth was not improved by the BOR1 overexpression. In this study, we report that enhanced expression of NIP5;1, a boric acid channel for efficient B uptake, resulted in improved root elongation under B-limiting conditions in A. thaliana. An NIP5;1 activation tag line, which has a T-DNA insertion with enhancer sequences near the NIP5;1 gene, showed improved root elongation under B limitation. We generated a construct which mimics the tag line: the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter was inserted at 1,357 bp upstream of the NIP5;1 transcription initiation site. Introduction of this construct into the nip5;1-1 mutant and the BOR1 overexpresser resulted in enhanced expression of NIP5;1 and improved root elongation under low B supply. Furthermore, one of the transgenic lines exhibited improved fertility and short-term B uptake. Our results demonstrate successful improvement of B deficiency tolerance and the potential of enhancing expression of a mineral nutrient channel gene to improve growth under nutrient-limiting conditions.
Plant and Cell Physiology 12/2008; 50(1):58-66. · 4.70 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The object of this study was to evaluate the dose-dependent efficacy and tolerability of milnacipran in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) with inadequate response at low doses.
A 12-week open-label dose-escalation study was conducted in 56 female patients (aged 20-83 years, with a mean age of 60.8 years). The initial dosage of milnacipran was 30 mg/d, and the dosage was raised up to 60 mg and 90 mg/d every 4 weeks until an improvement of at least 50% reduction of visual analog scale was achieved.
The mean ± SD effective daily dose of milnacipran was 63.9 ±16.7 mg. The cumulative improvement rate for the daily dose of 30 mg was 28.6%, and this rate rose (50.8%-67.9%) as the daily dose was increased (from 60 to 90 mg, respectively). The cumulative proportion of responders was significantly greater, with maximal daily doses of 60 and 90 mg, compared with that of 30 mg (P < 0.05, χ test). Most adverse events appeared at the low dose, and there was little evidence for dose-dependence of adverse effects. No serious safety issues were observed.
From the result of this study, dose escalation of milnacipran for patients with burning mouth syndrome with inadequate response at low doses may be helpful if the 30-mg daily dose has been tolerated well.
Clinical neuropharmacology 34(4):166-9. · 2.35 Impact Factor
