Soraya C Leal

Publications of Soraya C Leal

• Photodynamic therapy disinfection of carious tissue mediated by aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine entrapped in cationic liposomes: an in vitro and clinical study.

  Authors: João Paulo F Longo, Soraya C Leal, Andreza R Simioni, Maria de Fátima Menezes Almeida-Santos, Antônio C Tedesco, Ricardo B Azevedo

  Lasers in medical science. 08/2011;

  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique employed in the treatment of several superficial infections, such as caries. PDT uses a non-toxic drug termed photosensitizer (PS) followed by lightPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique employed in the treatment of several superficial infections, such as caries. PDT uses a non-toxic drug termed photosensitizer (PS) followed by light irradiation. The cytotoxic effects of the therapy are related to the production of reactive species produced after light activation of a photosensitizer, which reacts with surrounding molecules and disrupts several of the cell's functions. Within this context, this study aimed to develop a clinical protocol involving PDT application mediated by aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine (AlClPc) entrapped in cationic liposomes against cariogenic bacteria in caries lesions. Cationic liposomes were used to delivery AlClPc preferentially to bacterial cells due to the strong anionic superficial charges of these cell types. The results are represented in two fundamental steps: (1) in vitro evaluation of AlClPc delivery to cariogenic bacteria and pulp cells, as well as its potential phototoxicity; (2) a clinical study involving volunteer patients that were treated with the PDT protocol mediated by AlClPc-cationic liposome. The main results showed that the AlClPc-cationic liposome was preferentially absorbed by bacterial cells compared to eukaryotic dental pulp cells, and it was efficient in the reduction of microbial load from bacterial cultures. In addition, the clinical study showed a mean reduction of 82% of total bacterial in the treated cavities after PDT application. Taken together, the results presented in this study showed that the antimicrobial PDT protocol mediated by cationic liposomes containing AlClPc is safety for clinical application and is efficient in the reduction of bacterial load in caries lesions.

• The authors respond.

  Authors: Jo E Frencken, Rodrigo G de Amorim, Jorge Faber, Soraya C Leal

  International dental journal. 08/2011; 61(4):239-40.

• The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index: rational and development.

  Authors: Jo E Frencken, Rodrigo G de Amorim, Jorge Faber, Soraya C Leal

  International dental journal. 06/2011; 61(3):117-23.

  Serious difficulties in reporting results were encountered when using ICDAS II and PUFA separately in an epidemiological survey in a child population in Brazil. That necessitated the development of aSerious difficulties in reporting results were encountered when using ICDAS II and PUFA separately in an epidemiological survey in a child population in Brazil. That necessitated the development of a comprehensive but pragmatic caries assessment index. This publication describes the rationale, development and content of a novel caries assessment index. Strengths and weaknesses of ICDAS II, PUFA and other indices were analysed. The novel caries index developed for use in epidemiological surveys is termed 'Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment' (CAST). 'Spectrum' indicates what is considered the main strength of the new index - its usefulness in describing the complete range of stages of carious lesion progression: from no carious lesion, through caries protection (sealant) and caries cure (restoration) to lesions in enamel and dentine, and the advanced stages of carious lesion progression in pulpal and tooth-surrounding tissue. CAST combines elements of the ICDAS II and PUFA indices, and the M- and F-components of the DMF index. A DMF score can easily be calculated from the CAST score, thereby enabling retention of the use of existing DMF scores. The CAST index for use in epidemiological surveys is very promising. It should be validated and its reliability and usefulness be tested in different age groups in different countries and cultures.

• Pain experience after conventional, atraumatic, and ultraconservative restorative treatments in 6- to 7-yr-old children.

  Authors: Danielle M de Menezes Abreu, Soraya C Leal, Jan Mulder, Jo E Frencken

  European journal of oral sciences. 04/2011; 119(2):163-8.

  The hypothesis was tested that the level of pain experienced by children during conventional restorative treatment is higher than during atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) or an ultraconservativeThe hypothesis was tested that the level of pain experienced by children during conventional restorative treatment is higher than during atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) or an ultraconservative treatment. The sample consisted of 244 children, 6- to 7 yr of age, who had at least two teeth with dentine carious lesions. Before the first treatment session (Tx-1), in which one of the carious teeth was treated using one of the treatments, the level of dental anxiety was assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS). The child reported the intensity of pain experienced during the procedure using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. When conventional restorative treatment was used, more children needed local anaesthesia. Analyses excluding the data of children who had received local anaesthesia showed no treatment group effect on the Wong-Baker score, a FIS Tx-1 effect on the Wong-Baker score, and a statistically significant correlation between FIS Tx-1 and Wong-Baker scores. There was no significant difference in the pain levels of children treated using conventional restorative treatment, atraumatic restorative treatment or ultraconservative treatment. Local anaesthesia had to be administered more frequently to children in the conventional restorative group than to those in the other two treatment groups.

• Survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants and restorations: a meta-analysis.

  Authors: Rodrigo G de Amorim, Soraya C Leal, Jo E Frencken

  Clinical oral investigations. 01/2011;

  The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic investigation plus meta-analysis into survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants and restorations using high-viscosity glassThe purpose of this study is to perform a systematic investigation plus meta-analysis into survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants and restorations using high-viscosity glass ionomers and to compare the results with those from the 2005 ART meta-analysis. Until February 2010, four databases were searched. Two hundred four publications were found, and 66 reported on ART restorations or sealant survival. Based on five exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers selected the 29 publications that accounted for the meta-analysis. Confidence intervals (CI) and or standard errors were calculated and the heterogeneity variance of the survival rates was estimated. Location (school/clinic) was an independent variable. The survival rates of single-surface and multiple-surface ART restorations in primary teeth over the first 2 years were 93% (CI, 91-94%) and 62% (CI, 51-73%), respectively; for single-surface ART restorations in permanent teeth over the first 3 and 5 years it was 85% (CI, 77-91%) and 80% (CI, 76-83%), respectively and for multiple-surface ART restorations in permanent teeth over 1 year it was 86% (CI, 59-98%). The mean annual dentine lesion incidence rate, in pits and fissures previously sealed using ART, over the first 3 years was 1%. No location effect and no differences between the 2005 and 2010 survival rates of ART restorations and sealants were observed. The short-term survival rates of single-surface ART restorations in primary and permanent teeth, and the caries-preventive effect of ART sealants were high. Clinical relevance: ART can safely be used in single-surface cavities in both primary and permanent teeth. ART sealants have a high caries preventive effect.

• Caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer and resin-based fissure sealants on permanent teeth: a meta analysis.

  Authors: Veerasamy Yengopal, Steffen Mickenautsch, Ana C Bezerra, Soraya C Leal

  Journal of oral science. 09/2009; 51(3):373-82.

  The purpose of this quantitative systematic review was to appraise the evidence on the caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) in relation to resin-based fissure sealants. Nine EnglishThe purpose of this quantitative systematic review was to appraise the evidence on the caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) in relation to resin-based fissure sealants. Nine English and two Portuguese databases were searched (15 January 2008). Randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews were considered for inclusion. Trial exclusion criteria were: drop-out rates > 33%; no randomization; baseline differences in groups not statistically adjusted; and no clinically important outcomes were presented. Two authors reviewed the articles independently. The outcome measure for the caries preventive effect was caries absence on sealed teeth. Of the 112 identified articles, 25 were selected for review. Of these, 14 were excluded and 11 accepted (8 trials; 3 systematic reviews). The accepted reviews provided no evidence of superiority of either sealant material. Six trials were included for meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio was 0.96, 95% CI 0.62-1.49, indicating no difference in the caries-preventive effect of GIC and resin-based fissure sealant material. This systematic review with meta-analysis found no evidence that either material was superior to the other in the prevention of dental caries. Thus, both materials appear equally suitable for clinical application as a fissure sealant material. (J Oral Sci 51, 373-382, 2009).