P E Breukhoven

Publications (3)17.46 Total impact

• Article: Fat mass and lipid profile in young adults born preterm.

  P E Breukhoven, G F Kerkhof, R H Willemsen, A C S Hokken-Koelega
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  ABSTRACT: Associations between small size at birth and abnormal cardiovascular parameters in later life have been reported. It is, however, unknown whether the effect of a small size at birth on cardiovascular risk factors in later life is due to a small size for gestational age or due to prematurity. Due to advances in neonatal care, survival of preterm infants has significantly improved, and nowadays an increasing number of these children reach adulthood. It is, therefore, of increasing importance to assess the long-term effect of prematurity on determinants for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to assess the long-term effects of gestational age and particularly preterm birth on lipid levels and fat mass in early adulthood. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 455 healthy subjects, aged 18 to 24 yr; 167 preterm subjects were compared with 288 full-term subjects. Total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and limb fat mass were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Furthermore, fasting lipid levels (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein a, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A-I) were measured. Preterm subjects had a significantly higher percentage of total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and limb fat mass than subjects born term. Furthermore, preterm subjects had significantly lower serum lipoprotein a levels and higher apolipoprotein A-I levels than term subjects. Multiple linear regression analyses to assess the association between gestational age and fat mass and lipid levels showed similar results. In our cohort of 455 young adults, preterm birth was associated with more total fat mass, trunk fat, and limb fat mass but a relatively favorable lipid profile.
  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 03/2012; 97(4):1294-302. · 6.50 Impact Factor
• Article: Long-term impact of GH treatment during childhood on body composition and fat distribution in young adults born SGA.

  P E Breukhoven, G F Kerkhof, M van Dijk, A C S Hokken-Koelega
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  ABSTRACT: GH treatment of short children born small for gestational age (SGA) results in a decline in fat mass (FM) and an increase in lean body mass (LBM). It is, however, unknown whether these changes persist into adulthood. Our objective was to assess the long-term impact of GH treatment during childhood on body composition and fat distribution. A total of 377 young adults participated in this cross-sectional study: 59 previously GH-treated young SGA adults compared to 52 untreated SGA adults with short stature (SGA-S), 161 SGA adults with spontaneous catch-up growth (SGA-CU), and 105 healthy normal-statured controls born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Body composition and fat distribution were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Mean (SD) duration of GH treatment was 7.7 (2.4) yr and period after discontinuation 6.8 (1.8) yr. FM, fat distribution, and LBM of GH-treated SGA adults were not significantly different from that of untreated SGA-S adults. GH-treated SGA adults also had a similar FM and fat distribution as SGA-CU adults but a lower LBM. All SGA subgroups had a lower LBM and tended to have a higher FM than healthy AGA controls. Body composition and fat distribution of previously GH-treated SGA adults was similar to that of untreated SGA-S adults. GH-induced catch-up growth has no unfavorable effect on FM and fat distribution compared with spontaneous catch-up growth. However, our study shows that SGA adults in general may have a different body composition than healthy AGA controls.
  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 09/2011; 96(12):3710-6. · 6.50 Impact Factor
• Article: Anti-Mullerian hormone in short girls born small for gestational age and the effect of growth hormone treatment.

  A J Lem, V H Boonstra, J S Renes, P E Breukhoven, F H de Jong, J S E Laven, A C S Hokken-Koelega
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  ABSTRACT: Background Fetal growth restriction is thought to negatively influence reproductive function in later life. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a marker of the primordial follicle pool. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of being born small for gestational age (SGA) on serum AMH levels and to investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment on serum AMH levels in short SGA girls. METHODS Serum AMH levels were investigated in 246 prepubertal girls aged 3-10 years: 119 untreated short SGA and 127 healthy controls. Associations between AMH levels and clinical characteristics were analysed using multiple regression analyses. In addition, we investigated the effect of GH treatment on serum AMH levels in short SGA girls. RESULTS Serum AMH levels were similar in short SGA and healthy control girls (P= 0.95). In short SGA girls, AMH levels were not significantly influenced by birth weight standard deviation score (SDS), birth length SDS and gestational age, even after adjustment for age, height SDS and body mass index (BMI) SDS at sampling, socio-economic status and maternal smoking during gestation. Serum AMH levels did not change during 4 years of GH treatment in short SGA girls (P= 0.43). ConclusionS Serum AMH levels in prepubertal short SGA girls are similar to healthy controls, indicating that the follicle pool is not compromised due to SGA birth. GH treatment has no effect on AMH levels in short SGA girls.
  Human Reproduction 01/2011; 26(4):898-903. · 4.47 Impact Factor