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ABSTRACT: to review our experience in renal retransplantations.
we carried out a retrospective study on 71 patients with retransplantation performed between 1980 and 2005. We studied: the characteristics of the recipient and graft, surgery data, causes of loss of the graft, number of rejects and transplantectomies and, survival of the graft.
the most frequent cause of graft loss was chronic rejection. The causes of first graft loss were not associated with a greater loss of the second graft (p>0.05). The percentage of anti-HLA antibodies increased in the second transplant in comparison to the first (17.23±27.91% vs. 1.21±7.43%) (p=0.001), however, it was not correlated with a significant increase in loss of the second graft (p=0.320). There were no significant differences between the complications of the first and second transplants (p>0.05) and they were not associated with graft loss (p>0.05). The patients with a transplantectomy in the first transplant presented a risk 8.5 times higher of undergoing a second one (p=0.0001; OR: 8.54; CI: 95% 0.941 - 77.501). The most frequent cause of transplantectomies in the second transplant was acute rejection. Acute rejection as a cause for transplantectomy in the first transplant proved to be an independent risk factor of transplantectomy of the second transplant (p=0.009). The mean survival of the second graft was 5.08±4.81 years, higher than the first transplant (p=0.133). The survival of the graft at 1.5 and 10 years was 83%, 75% and 52%, respectively.
the survival of the second transplant was not lower than the first, neither was there an increase in the number of complications.
Actas urologicas españolas 01/2011; 35(1):44-50. · 0.46 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: According to literature, patient and graft survival is better in living donor renal transplants (LRT) than in cadaver renal transplants (CRT). Objective: To study factors that determine the best results in LRT related to those of CRT, found in univariate studies.
Renal transplants (RT) done in Catalonia during the 1990-2004 period, performed in patients over 17 years (135 LRT and 3.831 CRT), have been analyzed (retransplants were not included). The data come from the Renal Patients Transplant Registry (RMRC). Student's t-test and chi2 test have been used for mean and for proportions comparisons, respectively. To analyze univariate and multivariate survival, actuarial method and Cox regression have been used, respectively. Estimated creatinine clearance has been studied and its data have been showed through Selwood modified Analysis.
As it happens with other great RT patients series, the RMRC analysis, globally and without any adjustment, shows that patient and graft survival in LRT is better than that obtained with CRT. When we studied which variables explain these results, we found that main factors were smaller recipient age and the short time on dialysis. The great influence of both factors has been published in a large number of papers, explaining the differences obtained on the transplanted renal patient survival.
Once adjusted the analysis by the different factors that influence the survival of the patient and the graft, there are no differences in the obtained results, since the best outcomes of the TRV are due to factors like the smaller recipient age and the advanced TR.
Nefrologia: publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia 02/2008; 28(2):159-67. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: When the field of transplantation was first developing, physicians worried about the teratogenicity of immunosuppressive medications and considered pregnancy ill-advised. The purpose of this study is to analyze pregnancy after kidney transplantation and their consequences on mother, graft and child. We review ten pregnant women with kidney transplantation, average of 29 years old and 44 months post-kidney transplantation. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 64 ml/min and the immunosuppression was with prednisone and tacrolimus. We analyze outcomes of different variables before and during pregnancy, and after labour. Pregnancy finished in nine of ten patients. Three patients needed cesarean section and only one patient had a miscarriage on the first term. Blood arterial pressure increased at the end of pregnancy and the creatinine level was stable with a few increase of proteinuria at the third term. We increased the tacrolimus dose to obtain the correct blood levels and any rejection was detected. We had only one patient with preeclampsia that we solved with a cesarean section. Labours were a mean of 37.2 weeks and the mean birth weight of infant was 2,809 grams. Two newborns had prematurity without structural malformations. Pregnancy after kidney transplantation is safe with prednisone and tacrolimus when the renal function is good, proteinuria doesn't exist and blood pressure is controlled.
Nefrologia: publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia 02/2008; 28(2):174-7. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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L Guirado,
N Rabella,
J M Díaz,
C Facundo,
A Maderuelo,
N Margall,
I Silva,
R García-Maset,
J Calabia,
I Giménez,
N Garra,
R Solà,
J A Ballarín
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ABSTRACT: Prophylactic and pre-emptive therapy with oral valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients. Background: Cytomegalovirus infection is a very important health problem in solid organ transplant recipients (SOT). Once-daily valganciclovir has been shown to be as clinically effective and well tolerated as oral ganciclovir tid in the prevention of CMV infection in high risk SOT recipients.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of CMV disease in 150 renal transplant recipients that received either prophylactic [high risk group (HR), N = 66] or pre-emptive [low risk group (LR), N = 84] therapy with oral valganciclovir (900 mg/day vo) for three months according to their basal risk. Patients were monitored for signs and symptoms of CMV disease and CMV plasma viral load was assessed weekly.
A total of 31 patients (47%) of the HR and 26 patients (31%) of the LR presented a positive CMV PCR result. Twelve patients (14.3%) in the LR that had a high viral load (CMV PCR > 1,000 copies/mL) but remained asymptomatic received pre-emptive therapy. Four patients (4.7%) in the LR, after an average time of 35 days after transplant and two patients (4.5%) in the HR, after prophylactic treatment was completed, developed CMV disease. The disease was mild-moderate in most of the cases. Those patients that developed CMV disease responded to treatment with iv ganciclovir for 14 days followed by treatment with oral valganciclovir for up to three months.
Prophylactic treatment with oral valganciclovir for CMV prevention is only required in high risk solid organ transplant recipients.
Nefrologia: publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia 01/2008; 28(3):293-300. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Comprehensive imaging evaluation of kidney donor anatomy is crucial for selecting candidates for living kidney transplantation and for determining the surgical technique to procure the renal graft. In 76 living renal donors we compared the results of preoperative magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with the intraoperative findings of arterial anatomy. Donors were evaluated for the number of main renal arteries and the presence of any polar arteries. A total of 80 main renal arteries and five polar arteries were observed at MRA. At surgery, 90 main renal arteries and eight polar arteries were identified. MRA demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of 18%, 98%, and 87%, respectively, for main arteries and 25%, 96%, and 88% for polar arteries. Eleven (14.5%) kidneys displayed more than one main artery and MRA only detected two cases. Eight kidneys had polar arteries and MRA only detected two cases. MRA is a reliable method for presurgical evaluation of renal arteries in potential donors, providing valuable information required by the surgeon. But, as the technique misses small-diameter vessels, it cannot be recommended as the sole diagnostic tool in unclear cases.
Transplantation Proceedings 11/2006; 38(8):2376-7. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The incidence of de novo malignancies is an accepted complication of organ transplantation. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was 4.6% of cancers occurring de novo in organ allograft recipients compared with 3% in the general population. Less than 10% of these renal cancers affected the renal allograft. Among patients developing a renal tumor in the kidney allograft, transplant nephrectomy reduced the quality of life. For these patients for whom preservation of renal function is a relevant clinical consideration, partial nephrectomy may be considered the choice for treatment. Fifteen cases have been reported regarding conservative surgery on kidney transplant tumors. Herein we have reported three cases of renal masses in well-functioning kidney transplants that were successfully treated with nephon-sparing surgery. Our experience demonstrated that in selected patients, nephron-sparing surgery on a renal allograft represents a feasible approach for tumor removal with preservation of graft function.
Transplantation Proceedings 07/2006; 38(5):1359-62. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The incidence of ureteral stenosis in kidney transplant recipients is 3%-8%. The treatment of ureteral stenosis has been traditionally operative reconstruction, although such intervention is associated with high rates of serious complications, including graft loss and even perioperative mortality. More recently, endourological treatment has been proposed due to its low morbidity.
The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of balloon percutaneous dilatation as a treatment technique for ureteral stenosis in kidney transplant recipients.
Among 1000 kidney transplantations performed between 1980 and 2004, the coexistence of high creatinine values and urinary tract dilatation in the postoperative period, after discarding concomitant causes, was managed with a percutaneous nephrostomy. Once renal function recovered, antegrade pyelography was performed to confirm the presence and determine the location of ureteral stenosis. Ureteral dilatation was performed using a 5-French balloon-fitted angioplasty catheter.
Fifty-six patients were diagnosed with ureteral stenosis during follow-up, an incidence of 5.6%. Transluminal balloon dilatation was the first therapeutic option in 45 cases, whereas surgery was performed directly on 11 patients. Disappearance of the stenosis as well as maintenance of an improved creatinine level was verified in 45% of cases (20 patients). Two patients experienced graft loss. Both a short time to diagnosis after transplantation (P = .06) and the presence of a previous acute rejection episode (P < .05) were good prognosis factors for the endourologic solution of a ureteral stricture.
Balloon dilatation may be considered the definitive procedure for treatment of ureteral stenosis in selected cases. Percutaneous nephrostomy should be used for initial diagnosis and improvement in the renal function before attempting an open procedure.
Transplantation Proceedings 11/2005; 37(9):3825-7. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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A Alcaraz,
A Bujons,
X Pascual,
B Juaneda,
J Martí,
P de la Torre, L Guirado,
J M Díaz,
M J Ribal,
R Solá,
H Villavicencio
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ABSTRACT: Ureteral fistulae in renal transplants may develop as a consequence of compromised ureteral vascularity or from a technical factor related to the ureteroneocystostomy, the latter typically developing within the first 72 hours posttransplant. Recently, percutaneous nephrostomy drainage has been used with increasing frequency for the initial management. It alone can lead to resolution of the fistula in at least some patients. The aim of the study was the evaluation of endourological management of ureteral fistulae in renal transplants.
Between August 1981 and February 2004, 1000 adult recipients underwent renal transplantation. Sixteen out of 29 patients who developed ureteral fistulae were managed endourologically; 13, open surgery. The items recorded on these patients included the type of ureteroneocystostomy, the time to fistula diagnosis, the image technique, the type of ureteral stents, and the clinical evolution.
The 13 patients who underwent open surgery did well. Endourological management of ureteral fistula was successfully performed in 10 of 16 cases. In all of them percutaneous nephrostomy drainage with stenting of the ureter with a double-J catheter did not prove any advantage to no stent (66.6% vs 57%). In 13 of these 16 patients in which the passage of contrast into the bladder was demonstrated, the fistula resolved in 10 cases (77%), while none of the three cases with no flow into the bladder were helped by this approach.
Percutaneous techniques can provide definitive management for 62% of renal allograft patients who develop ureteral fistula beyond 72 hours after renal transplant.
Transplantation Proceedings 07/2005; 37(5):2111-4. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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A Alcaraz,
A Rosales,
J Palou,
J Caffaratti,
M Montlleó,
J Segarra,
J Ponce de León,
J Huguet,
C Errando,
J M Díaz, L Guirado,
H Villavicencio
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ABSTRACT: Laparoscopic surgery offers potential advantages in terms of diminishment of postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, faster convalescence, and better cosmetic results. These advantages may increase kidney donation, making donation be accepted by more candidates. We report our first 2 years' experience with laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Between March 2002 and February 2004 we performed 38 laparoscopic living donor nephrectomies for kidney transplantation. The technique of choice was the transperitoneal laparoscopic approach with four trocars, usually three of them from the start of the procedure--two 10-12 mm and one 5 mm--, and a 6.5 cm perumbilical midline incision for kidney retrieval at the end of the procedure.
Receptor and donor survivals were 100%. Graft survival was 97.6%. There was not any case of delayed graft function. Donor: Mean operative time was 161 minutes (115-260). Mean estimated blood loss was 270 ml (100-1200). Three patients required blood transfusions, 2 units of packed red blood cells each. Mean hospital stay was 5.1 days (3-11). Mean warm ischemia time was 3.2 min. (2-10). Conversion to open surgery was necessary in four cases. Receptor: there have been three significant complications requiring surgical repair: one case of low arterial flow, one vesico ureteral leak, and one midurethra stenosis. Initial renal function: mean serum creatinine at one month was 147mmol/l, with a trend to improve to 126 mmol/l at one year, which is considered optimum. First postoperative day mean serum creatinine was 192mmol/l and the nadir was on second postoperative day with a value of 152mmol/l.
We believe laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is a real alternative to open surgery because it offers better recovery to the donor with the same capacity to preserve renal function in the receptor.
Archivos españoles de urología 01/2005; 57(10):1091-8.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of induction immunosuppression therapies based on tacrolimus or cyclosporine (CsA) in kidney transplantation. The 240 kidney allograft recipients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=94) received tacrolimus (.01 mg/kg per day), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 2 g/d), and steroids (30 mg/d); and group 2 (n=146) CsA (6 mg/kg per day), MMF (2 g/d), and steroids (30 mg/d). Antilymphocyte serum was administered in cases of acute tubular necrosis. The acute rejection rate was higher among group 2 (30.6%) compared with group 1 patients (12.2%) (P=.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, gender, body surface area, serologic virus markers (in donor and recipient), baseline creatinine levels, cause of death, HLA incompatibilities, response to acute tubular necrosis, and number of dialysis sessions. We conclude that both immunosuppressive regimens are effective and safe in kidney transplantation. The survival rates of patients and grafts were similar, but the incidence and degree of acute rejection events were reduced in group 1; this finding may forecast a decreased incidence of chronic renal allograft nephropathy.
Transplantation Proceedings 09/2003; 35(5):1699-700. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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R Solà,
J M Díaz, L Guirado,
N Ravella,
L Vila,
Z Sainz,
I Gich,
M Picazo,
R García,
E Abreu,
F Ortiz,
A Alcaraz
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between vascular lesion chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) and the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in kidney transplanted patients. We studied 259 consecutive kidney transplant recipients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months; the induction immunosuppressive therapy included a calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil, steroids, and the use of an antilymphocyte serum if the patients developed delayed graft function. CMV early antigen detection (pp65) was performed on a weekly basis between days 30 and 90 post transplantation. Prophylactic treatment was administered in the donor +/recipient-risk group, and preemptive therapy delivered for positive antigenemia namely 3 days of intravenous [IV] gancyclovir [GCV] plus 11 days of oral therapy [in the case of infection], or 14 days of IV GCV [in the case of disease]). An acute kidney allograft rejection episode preceded CMV in 64.3% of the patients, and CMV preceded acute rejection in 35.7% of the cases. We conclude that CMV disease is an independent risk factor for CAN. CMV infection is probably associated with CAN, suggesting that the greater the viral load, the higher the risk of CAN. It may be advisable to perform universal prophylaxis to lower the viral load and CAN.
Transplantation Proceedings 09/2003; 35(5):1753-5. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this work was to determine the necessity for rhuEPO for 50 kidney transplant patients with stable graft function. We analyzed the red cell series, blood pressure, renal function, anthropometric data of the donor and recipient, proteinuria, and relationship with other factors, including immunosuppressants, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). The patients were divided into three groups depending on renal function: group A (with plasma creatinine <150 micromol/L), group B (151-250 micromol/L), and group C (>250 micromol/L). All patients were studied for 1 year. Erythropoietin use did not affect renal function, proteinuria or number of antihypertensive drugs group. The degree of renal dysfunction determined the time necessary to reach an adequate hemoglobin level (>12 g/L) and and the mean dose of weekly rhuEPO needed. The use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs increased the rhuEPO requirements in each group.
Transplantation Proceedings 09/2003; 35(5):1767-8. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To date, few data are available on older donor renal grafts transplanted into young recipients. We compare 63 kidneys grafts from donors older than 60 years transplanted into recipients younger than 60 years (group 1) with a control group of 235 patients in whom both recipients and donors were younger than 60 years (group 2).
Patient survival rates at 1 and 5 years, respectively, were 98% and 95% (group 1) and 95% and 84% (group 2) (P=0.01). Graft survival rates were 95% and 83% in group 1 versus 94% and 81% in group 2, although death censoring was significant (100% and 98% group 1 vs. 96% and 86% group 2, P=0.04). In group 1, plasmatic creatinemia was significantly higher. The aged donor, female donor-male recipient combination, and the presence of acute rejection alone or together with acute tubular necrosis, were determinants for worse renal functioning at 1 year after transplantation. Seven patients had chronic nephropathy not related to any clinical parameter.
We conclude that kidneys from older donors can be successfully transplanted to younger patients.
Transplantation 06/2002; 73(10):1673-5. · 4.00 Impact Factor
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Transplantation Proceedings 03/2002; 34(1):20-2. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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Transplantation Proceedings 03/2002; 34(1):98. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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Transplantation Proceedings 03/2002; 34(1):407. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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Transplantation Proceedings 03/2002; 34(1):67-8. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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Transplantation 07/2000; 69(11):2460-1. · 4.00 Impact Factor
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Transplantation Proceedings 10/1999; 31(6):2272-4. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: With the aim of offsetting the reduction in donors of kidneys for transplantation, we extended the acceptance criteria, considering donors over 60 years old.
The results obtained in 84 transplants carried out with this type of donor (group A) was compared with those of a control group of 125 transplants carried out with kidneys from donors under 60 years old (group B). The protocol for selection of donors was appropriate creatinine clearance, minimum proteinuria, and normal renal scan. The histological study was not included because it was not considered appropriate to assess the extent of the possible glomerulosclerosis, as this has a focal, segmented distribution. There were no significant differences between the recipients except for age (57.8 years old in group A vs. 39.2 years in group B).
After the transplantation, there were significant differences in the duration of hospitalization (26.8 days vs. 21.8 days, P<0.009), annual plasma creatinemia (177, 225, 233, 235, and 205 micromol/L vs. 136, 150, 121, 111, and 133 micromol/L, P<0.0002/0.0004), graft survival (87%, 85%, 81%, 81%, and 81% vs. 89%, 88%, 86%, 86%, and 85%, P<0.03), and patient survival (92%, 89%, 85%, 85%, and 85% vs. 99%, 99%, 97%, 96%, and 95%, P<0.0004). Death of the patient was the only significantly more frequent cause of graft loss among group A patients (7 vs. 1 death, P<0.004). No kidney was "never working" and none were lost because of chronic rejection.
It was concluded that elderly donors should be considered as suitable for transplantation irrespective of their chronological age, provided that they fulfill the acceptance criteria. The quality of life achieved was comparable in both groups. Despite the lower renal function in group A, this remained constant during the follow-up period.
Transplantation 12/1998; 66(9):1159-63. · 4.00 Impact Factor
