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ABSTRACT: Evidence-based randomized clinical trials have shown significant benefit of statin treatment with regard to cardiovascular disease. In anticipation of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel IV guidelines, we wanted to assess the current state of lipid goal attainment in the high-risk secondary prevention population in the United States. The objectives of the study were to estimate the proportion of high-risk patients treated with statin monotherapy who achieved Adult Treatment Panel III-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals (<100 mg/dL; optional <70 mg/dL) as well as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals (<130 mg/dL; optional <100 mg/dL).
This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study of 3 data sources: electronic medical records (2003-September 2010), administrative claims data (2003-2010), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2007-2008). High-risk patients (≥18 years of age) were defined as those with a history of coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk equivalent who had the latest complete lipid panel measurement and had been treated with statin monotherapy for >90 days at the time of the lipid panel. Cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and coronary heart disease risk equivalents were defined on the basis of availability, specific to each data source. Across the 3 data sources, 20% to 26% of high-risk patients treated with statin monotherapy for >90 days had LDL-C <70 mg/dL, and 67% to 77% had LDL-C <100 mg/dL. The percentages of those attaining both LDL-C goals and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals were quantitatively smaller (13.5% to 19.0% and 46% to 70%).
Across the 3 data sources, there was consistency in the proportion of high-risk patients treated with statin monotherapy who were at LDL-C goal. A significant number of these statin-treated patients had additional dyslipidemias.
Journal of the American Heart Association. 12/2012; 1(6):e001800.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the achievement of individual and combined lipid and lipoprotein/biomarker targets as specified by treatment guidelines with the combination of fenofibric acid and statin therapy in patients with mixed dyslipidemia.
Data for the post hoc analyses were derived from three 12-week controlled studies and a 52-week extension study. Patients were treated with fenofibric acid 135 mg; low-, moderate-, or high-dose statin (rosuvastatin 10, 20, or 40 mg; atorvastatin 20, 40, or 80 mg; or simvastatin 20, 40, or 80 mg); or fenofibric acid + low- or moderate-dose statin in the controlled studies; and with fenofibric acid + moderate-dose statin in the extension study. Achievement of risk-stratified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) targets; and optimal levels of ApoB <90 mg/dL, HDL-C >40/50 mg/dL in men/women, triglycerides (TG) < 150 mg/dL, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein <2 mg/L were assessed.
In the controlled studies, significantly lower percentage of high-risk patients treated with fenofibric acid + moderate-dose statin, and significantly higher percentage of high-risk patients treated with fenofibric acid + low-dose statin, compared with corresponding-dose statin monotherapies, achieved their LDL-C (51.3% vs. 72.9%, p < 0.001) and non-HDL-C targets (53% vs. 38%, p = 0.02), respectively. Among all patients, optimal levels of ApoB, HDL-C, TG, and the combined target of LDL-C + non-HDL-C + ApoB + HDL-C + TG were achieved by higher percentage of patients treated with fenofibric acid + low- and moderate-dose statin versus corresponding dose-statin monotherapies (p ≤ 0.04 for all comparisons). In the extension study, significantly (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) higher percentage of patients had achieved individual and combined targets at final visit, compared with baseline.
In patients with mixed dyslipidemia, short-term treatment with the combination of fenofibric acid and low- or moderate-dose statin resulted in comparable or more patients achieving individual targets of non-HDL-C, ApoB, HDL-C, and TG, and combined targets for these parameters and LDL-C, compared with corresponding-dose statin monotherapy. In the long-term study, the proportion meeting these targets was significant, compared with baseline. Limitations include the post hoc nature of the analysis, and the fact that all patients had mixed dyslipidemia and majority were white, which limits generalization to other populations.
Current Medical Research and Opinion 03/2011; 27(5):1067-78. · 2.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of adding fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin therapy in patients at goal for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but with persistent hypertriglyceridemia.
This is a post hoc analysis of a subset of patients (N = 92) with mixed dyslipidemia treated with moderate-dose statin (rosuvastatin 20 mg, simvastatin 40 mg, or atorvastatin 40 mg) for 12 weeks in three controlled trials who had achieved LDL-C <100 mg/dL but whose triglycerides remained >200 mg/dL, and had fenofibric acid 135 mg added to the moderate-dose statin in a 52-week open-label extension study. Lipid and apolipoprotein (Apo) values and the proportion of patients meeting individual and combined treatment targets with combination therapy were determined at scheduled visits during the 52-week study and compared with baseline (start of extension study).
Addition of fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin for 52 weeks resulted in significant (P < 0.001) improvements in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C; -9.0%), ApoB (-9.8%), HDL-C (14.9%), and triglycerides (-37.6%) compared with baseline. At final visit, greater proportions of patients achieved optimal levels of individual parameters as well as combined targets of LDL-C + non-HDL-C (60.0% vs 52.2%), LDL-C + non-HDL-C + ApoB (53.3% vs 37.8%, P = 0.007), and LDL-C + non-HDL-C + ApoB + HDL-C + triglycerides (25.6% vs 0.0%) than at baseline.
The addition of fenofibric acid to moderate-dose statin in patients whose LDL-C was optimal but whose triglycerides remained >200 mg/dL led to additional improvements in non-HDL-C, ApoB, HDL-C, and triglycerides that resulted in greater proportions of patients attaining optimal levels of the individual parameters as well as simultaneously achieving optimal levels of these parameters and LDL-C.
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 03/2011; 25(1):59-67. · 3.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare fenofibric acid (FA) + statin to respective monotherapies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its diagnostic components in patients with mixed dyslipidemia.
Post hoc analysis of over 2,000 metabolic syndrome patients administered either FA + low- or moderate-dose statin; FA alone; or low-, moderate-, or high-dose statin alone.
FA + low- or moderate-dose statin combination therapy reduced the presence of metabolic syndrome (35.7 or 35.9%, respectively) more than low-, moderate-, or high-dose statin monotherapy (15.5, 16.6, or 13.8%, respectively), mostly due to improvements in triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels. Mean glucose levels slightly decreased with FA monotherapy, slightly increased with statin monotherapy, and were essentially unchanged with FA + statin. FA with or without statin also reduced non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
FA + statin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia reduces the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Diabetes care 09/2010; 33(9):2113-6. · 8.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Attainment of blood pressure (BP) goals in patients with diabetes is critical both to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and to delay the progression of renal disease. While therapeutic guidelines advise initial therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, monotherapy with these agents may not be sufficient to attain target BP.
The ADHT (Amlodipine Diabetic Hypertension Efficacy Response Evaluation Trial) evaluated the efficacy and safety of adding amlodipine to the treatment regimen of patients with hypertension and diabetes who were already receiving either quinapril or losartan as monotherapy.
ADHT was a double-blind, double-dummy, 22-week trial conducted in the US. After a washout period of 7-13 days, patients (aged 30-75 y) with hypertension and diabetes were randomized to receive quinapril 20 mg/day plus placebo or losartan 50 mg/day plus placebo for 4 weeks, titrated to 40 mg or 100 mg (if required), respectively, for an additional 4 weeks to achieve their BP goals (<130/80 mm Hg). At week 8, either amlodipine 5 mg/day or placebo was added for an additional 12 weeks, with titration to 10 mg at week 14 if the BP goal was not achieved.
Efficacy of add-on therapy was evaluated in 411 patients (amlodipine 211, placebo 200). BP goal was reached by 27.5% of patients when amlodipine was added to quinapril or losartan monotherapy, compared with 12.5% when placebo was added (OR 2.73; 95% CI 1.61 to 4.64; p < 0.001). When added to quinapril or losartan monotherapy, amlodipine reduced BP by 8.1/5.4 mm Hg, compared with a 1.6/0.7 mm Hg decrease with add-on placebo (p < 0.001). Amlodipine, quinapril, and losartan were well tolerated.
Amlodipine is safe and effective when added to quinapril or losartan monotherapy to help lower BP toward therapeutic targets in patients with hypertension and diabetes.
Annals of Pharmacotherapy 10/2008; 42(11):1552-62. · 2.13 Impact Factor
