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ABSTRACT: Unemployment is associated with mental and physical complaints. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of frequency and duration of unemployment experiences in a representative sample of the German general population. In total, 2426 persons were interviewed about their employment biography and they answered the following questionnaires: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), Questionnaire of life satisfaction (FLZ) and Zerssen-Complaints-List (B-LR). Unemployed persons reported significantly more anxiety, depression, health complaints and reduced life. The operationalisation of unemployment about the frequency or the duration did not matter. Severe worries about one's job have a similar impact as the experience of unemployment. Especially persons with a longer duration or frequent experiences of unemployment are at risk for higher burden, whereas a single or short time experience of unemployment can rather be compensated.
PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie 03/2013; 63(3-4):129-37. · 1.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cognitive behavior therapy offers a theoretically and empirically valid therapeutic approach for children and adolescents suffering from depression. It can be recommended according to present guidelines and efficacy studies. Further research and conceptual development, however, is necessary especially regarding the small to moderate effect sizes as well as the lack of long-term efficacy and effect factors. This article gives a short overview of the basics and contents of cognitive behavior therapy for depressive children and adolescents. It furthermore presents the latest findings and an assessment of its efficacy and relevant developments and perspectives.
Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 11/2012; 40(6):373-84. · 0.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The ET 6-6 presents a procedure for the assessment of a developmental status in children from 6 months to 6 years of age that uses experimentally based test tasks for a great variety of developmental skills. The results are shown in a multidimensional and age-specific profile. The instrument has been standardized by testing 950 children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Zeitschrift für Psychologie 10/2012; 216(3):154-160. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The concept of inhibition is central in the explanation of an array of psychopathological disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, aggressive behavior and anxiety. But despite the importance and the widespread use of the inhibition concept, there is no widely accepted definition. Due to the multitude empirical results, there is a necessity for a differentiated problem-solving and classification. With regard to the classification by Nigg (2000), this article gives an overview over different kinds of inhibition and their meaning for internalizing and externalizing disorders. Therefore we present two heuristic models, which integrate different kinds of inhibition, and describe the dysfunctional inhibitory process in individuals with externalizing and internalizing disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie / im Auftrag der Görres-Gesellschaft 10/2012;
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ABSTRACT: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a screening instrument that addresses positive and negative behavioral attributes of children and adolescents. Although this questionnaire has been used in Germany to gather information from parents and teachers of preschoolers, few studies exist that verify the validity of the German SDQ for this age. In the present study, teacher ratings were collected for 282 children aged 36 to 60 months (boys = 156; girls = 126). Likewise, teacher ratings were collected with another German checklist for behavior problems and behavior disorders at preschool age (Verhaltensbeurteilungsbogen für Vorschulkinder, VBV 3–6). Moreover, children’s developmental status was assessed. Evaluation included correlation analysis as well as canonical correlation analysis to assess the multivariate relationship between the set of SDQ variables and the set of VBV variables. Discriminant analyses were used to clarify which SDQ variables are useful to differentiate between children with or without developmental delay in a multivariate model. The results of correlation and discriminant analyses underline the validity of the SDQ for preschoolers. According to these results, the German teacher SDQ is recommended as a convenient and valid screening instrument to assess positive and negative behavior of preschool age children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
European Journal of Psychological Assessment 10/2012; 26(4):256-262. · 2.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study compares results of a new children memory and learning test, the BASIC-MLT and the latest Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth edition (WISC-IV) in a nonclinical German sample (N = 103). All participants were assessed with both instruments (order balanced). Pearson correlations were computed between subtest, scale and IQ scores from the intelligence scales and the scores from the BASIC-MLT separate for three defined age groups (Group 1: 6 to < 10 years, Group 2: 10 to < 13 years, Group 3: 13 to 16 years). Moderate to high correlations were found between Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and BASIC-MLT's memory quotient (MQ). Referring to Siegler's (1998, 2004) memory theories the relations of reasoning (Matrix Reasoning), semantic knowledge (Vocabulary), working memory (Letter-Number Sequencing) and processing speed (Symbol Search) were focused for further investigation. Significant correlations can be found for Matrix Reasoning and MQ in Group 1 only. For Vocabulary significant correlations can be found in Group 2 (p < .05) and Group 3 (p < .01). Letter-Number Sequencing has significant correlations with MQ in all age groups and Symbol Search in none. Comparisons of t-mean deviations in scales and subtests showed no significant differences in Group 1 and only few significant differences for Group 2 and Group 3. Results of children above 10 years of age are influenced by school type. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Zeitschrift für Psychologie 10/2012; 216(3):180-186. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a patient education program that aims at reducing perceived fatigue in cancer survivors. METHODS: In ten German centres, 261 patients with cancer-related fatigue were randomly assigned to a patient education program consisting of 6 sessions à 90 min or standard care. The primary outcome measure was cancer-related fatigue. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. RESULTS: Patients in the intervention group showed statistically significant reduction in cancer-related fatigue (F = 76.510, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.248). Secondary outcomes also showed significant improvements in all measures, including quality of life (F = 29.607, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.113), general self-efficacy (F = 27.680, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.107), exercise self-efficacy (F = 49.230, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.175), physical activity (F = 8.036, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.033), anxiety (F = 33.194, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.125), depression (F = 24.604, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.096), and fatigue knowledge (F = 55.157, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.192). CONCLUSION: The program was effective in reducing perceived fatigue as well as further outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This newly developed education program has the potential to fill a gap in the care of cancer survivors. The program needs further evaluation in other countries employing a control group of patients receiving equal time and attention as the intervention group.
European journal of oncology nursing: the official journal of European Oncology Nursing Society 08/2012; · 1.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examined the combined effects of methylphenidate (MPD) and response cost and token strategy (RCT), administered in an intensive ADHD Summer Camp Training (ASCT) format, on neuropsychological functions. Forty children with ADHD were randomly assigned to either the ASCT treatment (MPD plus RCT) or a control group (MPD plus a 1-hour session of standardized parental education/counselling [SPC]). This latter group was structured to be similar to the more typical current treatment. The ASCT treatment was administered for 2½ weeks and included RCT, consisting of elements of social skill training, attention training, and sports participation. RCT was systematically applied in all daily situations and activities. Executive functions and state of regulation using the Test for Attention Performance (TAP) and the Trail-Making Test (TMT) were assessed before training and at a 6-month follow-up. Participants receiving the ASCT improved specific neuropsychological functions in attention regulation and inhibitory control tasks at the 6-month follow-up. No changes occurred for participants assigned to the control condition. The data suggest that an intensive multimodal summer camp treatment program including strategies of instrumental learning can lead to substantial and enduring improvements in neuropsychological functioning of children and adolescents with ADHD.
Child Neuropsychology 05/2012; 18(3):242-255. · 1.80 Impact Factor
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Scoliosis 04/2012; 4:1-1. · 1.31 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Die Forschung im Gebiet der psychosomatischen Medizin zielt auf die biopsychosozialen Wechselwirkungen bei Erkrankungen ab.
Was sind die wesentlichen Themen und wie werden sie erarbeitet? Anhand einer bibliometrischen Analyse der Jahre 2009 und 2010
zweier deutschsprachiger Zeitschriften zeigten sich als vorrangige Themenbereiche: Auseinandersetzung mit chronisch-lebensbedrohlichen
Erkrankungen und Transplantation, somatoforme Störungen und Schmerz, Traumafolgestörungen und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen
sowie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung. Damit ist die psychosomatische Forschung thematisch weit ausgerichtet.
Auf methodischer Seite handelt es sich v.a. um Inanspruchnahmekohorten. Kontrollierte Studien stellen noch die Ausnahme dar.
Psychosomatic medicine aims at exploring the relationships between biological, psychological and social factors in onset,
maintenance and treatment of psychosomatic disorders. The present article describes current topics and methodological approaches
in the field of psychosomatic research. A bibliometric analysis of two German journals in 2009 and 2010 was conducted, yielding
43 articles dealing with different aspects of psychosomatic medicine: chronic illness, somatoform disorders and pain, trauma-related
disorders, borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The results show that psychosomatic
research covers a variety of topics with different research designs. However, there is still a paucity of controlled studies
in the field.
SchlüsselwörterBibliometrische Analyse–Gesundheitswesen–Inanspruchnahme–Rehabilitation–Klinische Studien
KeywordsBibliometric analysis–Healthcare–Utilization–Rehabilitation–Clinical trial
Psychotherapeut 04/2012; 56(5):409-416. · 0.36 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Hintergrund:
Aufgrund der langfristig ansteigenden Überlebensraten bei
Krebspatienten treten zunehmend chronische Folgesymptome, wie die tumorbedingte
Fatigue auch bei Patienten nach Abschluss der Tumortherapie
in den Vordergrund. In dieser Patientengruppe liegt die Fatigue-Prävalenz
zwischen 17 und 56 %. Obwohl Fatigue ein multifaktorielles Kausalgeschehen
zugrunde liegt, mangelt es bisher noch an entsprechend komplexen Behandlungsangeboten.
Patienten und Methodik:
Auf der Grundlage einer Bedarfsanalyse wurde
ein Schulungsprogramm entwickelt und evaluiert. Geschult wurden Krebspatienten
nach Therapieabschluss, die unter chronischer Fatigue leiden. Das
Selbstmanagementprogramm FIBS besteht aus sechs Modulen. Neben Informationen
über Fatigue enthält es verhaltenstherapeutisch orientierte Strategien
und Übungen. Die Zufriedenheit der Patienten, die an der Schulung teilgenommen
hatten, war hoch. Die Patienten waren im Mittel zu 84,0 % mit
der thematischen Auswahl und zu 84,25 % mit den Schulungsbedingungen
zufrieden. 95,8 % der Patienten erzielten einen subjektiv eingeschätzten persönlichen
Gewinn durch die Schulung, im Mittel 8,14 von 12 möglichen
Punkten. Die Patientenzufriedenheit mit dem Schulungsprogramm betrug
78,72 %.
Schlussfolgerung:
Mit dem neu entwickelten Selbstmanagementprogramm
kann eine Versorgungslücke für Krebspatienten mit chronischer Fatigue geschlossen
werden, für die es bislang kaum Therapieansätze gab. Das Programm
zeichnet sich durch zielgruppengerechte Inhalte und Methoden und eine
hohe Patientenzufriedenheit aus.
Background:
Due to improvements in long-term survival in cancer patients,
emphasis is increasingly placed on chronic symptoms such as cancer-related
fatigue in patients after completion of cancer treatment. Fatigue prevalence
in these patients ranges from 17% to 56%. However, there is a lack of complex
treatments that take the multifactorial character of fatigue causation into account.
Patients and Methods:
Based on a needs analysis, a patient education
program was developed and evaluated. The study aimed at cancer patients
after completion of the cancer treatment who suffer from chronic fatigue. The
self-management program FIBS consists of six modules. Information about
fatigue and behavioural therapy orientated strategies and exercises are included.
Patients who attended the program were highly satisfied. They were
satisfied with the selected topics at an average of 84.0%, and with the conditions
at 84.25%. 95.8% of the patients achieved a subjectively perceived personal
benefit, on average 8.14 of 12 possible points. The overall patient education
satisfaction scored 78.72%.
Conclusion:
The newly developed self-management program closes a gap
in health care of cancer patients with chronic fatigue for whom there are
hardly any intervention options to date. The program is characterised by
target group-specific contents and methods and a high satisfaction of the patients.
Schlüsselwörter:
Patientenschulung-Selbstmanagement-Empowerment-Tumorbedingte Fatigue-Krebsüberlebende
Key Words:
Patient education-Self-management-Empowerment-Cancerrelated
fatigue-Cancer survivors
04/2012; 105(11):779-786.
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ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence suggests that emotion dysregulation is associated with psychopathology. This paper provides a review of recent longitudinal studies that investigate the relationship between emotion regulation and aggressive behavior in childhood age. While there is substantial evidence for assuming a close relation of emotion regulation and aggressive behavior, moderating and mediating factors like gender and peer rejection have been established. Furthermore, results suggest emotion dysregulation as an important risk factor of aggressive behavior. Several directions for future research are pointed out to further validate and refine the reviewed relationships.
Child Psychiatry and Human Development 04/2012; 43(6):909-23. · 1.93 Impact Factor
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Michael Siniatchkin,
Nora Glatthaar,
Gabriele Gerber von Müller,
Alexander Prehn-Kristensen,
Stephan Wolff,
Silja Knöchel,
Elisabeth Steinmann,
Anna Sotnikova,
Ulrich Stephani, Franz Petermann,
Wolf-Dieter Gerber
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ABSTRACT: Response cost and token approach (RCT) within the scope of a summer camp training is an effective treatment program for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is likely that intensive RCT training influences networks responsible for ADHD symptoms. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was carried out in 12 children with ADHD before and after the RCT program and in 12 healthy control children twice. For fMRI, a Go/No-go paradigm was used to investigate the influence of RCT training on attention and impulsivity. The No-go condition revealed only weak activation in the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) before the training in children with ADHD compared to healthy children. However, this activation in these brain regions was significantly more pronounced after the training. This increase in hemodynamic response cannot be attributed merely to repetition of the measurement since the effect was not observed in healthy children. The increase in hemodynamic response in the ACC and right DLPFC was significantly associated with a reduction in response time variability and clinical symptoms in ADHD patients. After the RCT training, the children with ADHD demonstrated more pronounced activation of cortical structures which are typically related to response monitoring and self-control. It seems likely that children with ADHD learned more cognitive control in a continuous performance task as was revealed by both neuropsychological outcome and fMRI.
Brain Topography 03/2012; 25(3):332-44. · 3.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: ADHD can be regarded as a lifespan disorder. From biopsychosocial vantage point, ADHD leads to age-specific impairments, high psychological distress and is associated with a high occurrence of comorbid disorders. For this review, we summarize actual findings from epidemiological, neuroscientific and clinical studies to present an overview of ADHD-research. We discuss the proposed revisions for DSM-V criteria by comparing them with the present DSM-IV-TR criteria, with a focus on the implications for research and practice. In the second part of this paper, we present new findings from socioeconomic, diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. There is evidence for a high economic burden that is indirectly caused by ADHD (e.g., production loss, material costs, higher accident rates). Consequently, there is a high demand for comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We present a summary of the latest available diagnostic instruments and therapeutic manuals. The results of research and practice show a growing support for a lifespan perspective on ADHD psychopathology. The burdens resulting from ADHD are evident in all age groups, which has led to establishing age-specific diagnostic and therapeutic materials. Although there is a lack in ADHD-specific healthcare in adulthood, this should be realized by structural changes in healthcare services.
Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie 01/2012; 58(3):236-56. · 1.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Due to developmental factors, adolescence and young adulthood can be considered as very sensitive periods in the lifespan. The development of the self-image is regarded as one of the most challenging events in this period. In a sample of N=328 adolescents and young adults, we examined how far discrepancies between the ideal and self-perceived body image may lead to chronic stress and reduced well-being. Our sample was divided into subgroups based on discrepancies between ideal and self-perceived body image. Significant correlations were found between body image, stress-perception, and well-being. People who reject their bodies more than they would in the ideal case reported higher stress-perception. The same trend was found for people with higher demands on their body’s vitality than their ideal suggested. This group also reported a stronger rejection of their body’s physical appearance. This has an impact on therapeutic intervention, especially for men with body-related psychological disorders.
Kindheit und Entwicklung 01/2012; 21(4):227-237. · 6.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Since 2010 trends outlined in diagnosis and therapy in the German speaking countries in the area of externalizing disorders (ADHD, conduct disorder) are presented. In particular, publications of children and adolescent psychiatry and clinical psychology have been examined. It turns out that in the German-speaking countries, the concern with conduct disorder (including psychopathy) increased compared with the discussion of the significance of ADHD. This development reflects the important therapeutic challenge of conduct disorders.
Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie 01/2012; 61(7):512-23. · 0.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study examined the concurrent validity of the Hamburg Wechsler Intelligenztest für Kinder - IV (HAWIK-IV; Petermann & Petermann, 2010) and the Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS; Grob, Meyer & Hagmann-von Arx, 2009).
HAWIK-IV and IDS were administered in counterbalanced order to N = 172 children aged 6 to 11 years. The study presents the descriptive statistics, correlations, and an exploratory factor analysis of the data.
There is a high correlation between HAWIK-IV Full Scale IQ and IDS intelligence score (r = .83). HAWIK-IV indices showed moderate to high correlations with the cognitive scales of the IDS (Cognition, Language, Mathematics). Low to absent correlations were found between HAWIK-IV indices and the noncognitive scales of the IDS (Social-Emotional Competence, Psychomotor, Achievement Motivation). The factor structure can be interpreted meaningfully and allows integration of the IDS cognitive, language, and mathematical subtests into the four HAWIK-IV indices.
The results show that HAWIK-IV and IDS test results can be related to each other.
Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 01/2012; 40(1):41-50. · 0.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Since 2009 trends in research and practice have been described for externalising disorders (ADHD and conduct disorders) in the German-speaking countries. In particular, publications of children and adolescent psychiatry and clinical child psychology have been examined and scientific contributions from the 32nd Congress of the German Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry have been included. In the German-speaking countries studies regarding conduct disorders (including bullying and psychopathy) have noticeably increased in complexity and differentiation and caught up with the extensive discussion about ADHD.
Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 11/2011; 39(6):421-6. · 0.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examined whether the relation between maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression was mediated by deviant social information processing (SIP). Participants were 193 preschool children. Emotion regulation and aggression were rated by teachers. Deviant SIP (i.e., attribution of hostile intent, aggressive response generation, aggressive response evaluation and decision) was measured from children's responses to hypothetical social conflicts. Findings revealed that the relation between maladaptive emotion regulation and aggression was direct and not mediated by SIP biases (i.e., aggressive response generation, aggressive response evaluation and decision). Results are discussed from a theoretical and methodological perspective.
Child Psychiatry and Human Development 09/2011; 43(1):87-101. · 1.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Educational support measures aim at reducing strain on families in precarious life situations. In children and adolescents, measures usually focus on reducing conduct problems and promoting competencies; parents are supported in order to improve their parenting competencies. But youth welfare measures have different effects on children, adolescents, and their parents, and a national comparison reveals that most families require follow-up support measures afterwards. This study compares different courses of youth assistance measures in families with or without follow-up support measures.
A total of 89 families received day-care educational support for an average period of 2 years. Subsequently, 26 families required further support. In order to identify predictors for follow-up support measures, we systematically assessed problem areas indicating a need for further support prior to and after youth help measures, and contrasted them in a pre-post-design.
Children in need of further support displayed significantly more symptoms of strain and less improvement in their competencies after the end of youth help measures. However, the most distinctive differences resulted for ineffective parenting. These groups differed significantly.
The effectiveness of youth welfare measures strongly depends on an improvement of parenting competencies. A lack thereof points toward further need for support, even after intensive educational support measures.
Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 09/2011; 39(5):313-21. · 0.99 Impact Factor
