Publications (25)0 Total impact
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Article: The futures of construction: a critical review of construction future studies
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ABSTRACT: Anticipating the future is increasingly being seen as a useful way to align, direct and improve current organizational strategy. Several such 'future studies' have been produced which envision various construction industry scenarios which result from technological and socio-economic trends and influences. Thirteen construction-related future studies are critically reviewed. Most studies fail to address the complexities and uncertainties of both the present and the future, and fail to explore the connections between global, local, construction-specific and more widespread factors. The methodological approaches used in these studies do not generate any significantly different advice or recommendations for the industry than those emerging from the much larger canon of non-future oriented construction research. As such, these reports are less about the future than the present. If future studies are to make a worthwhile contribution to construction, it is critical that they develop our appreciation of the practical ability of stakeholders to influence some aspects of the future and not others, and an awareness of the competing agendas and the relative benefits and disadvantages of specific futures within the construction sector. Only then can future studies provide insights and help in preparing for the opportunities and threats the future may bring.Construction Management and Economics 01/2007; 25(5):477-493. -
Article: Empowerment within the UK construction sector
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ABSTRACT: The feasibility and success of empowerment are to some extent determined by factors relating to the culture and structure of the industries within which organizations are embedded. The UK construction industry is an example that has a unique socio-technical context, some aspects of which seem well-suited to empowerment strategies. However, despite support for empowerment, it has not yet been universally embraced by construction organizations. Outlines the aspects of the industry that provide a suitable context for implementation of empowerment strategies. Suggests that, used selectively, it could play an important part in helping construction organizations to address increasing performance demands whilst mitigating the negative effects of the fragmented project delivery process. However, there remain many barriers to individual and team-based empowerment strategies that require empirical investigation before the industry can benefit from their implementation.Leadership & Organization Development Journal 08/2002; 23(6):333-342. -
Article: A competitive future for UK construction?
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ABSTRACT: This article was published in the journal, Construction Information Quarterly [© Chartered Institute of Building] and is available online at http://www.atypon-link.com/CIB/loi/coiq?cookieSet=1 Recent decades have witnessed various industry-focussed government reports that have urged construction stakeholders to look further ahead by focusing on future-oriented issues such as continuous performance improvement, sustainability, training, and research and development. Evidence from a recent industry workshop of senior construction managers has shown that the majority have been involved in the formulation of long-term strategic planning and decision making, but in an informal, unstructured and ad-hoc manner using a diverse range of techniques and information. It is argued that this approach may not be sufficiently robust for companies to adequately plan ahead within the fast-moving pace of the modern construction sector. Emanating from a motivation for developing a new perspective of the current competitiveness initiatives, an ongoing three-year research project at the universities of Loughborough, Reading and Salford aims to identify and understand the challenges and opportunities confronting the UK construction sector over the next 10 to 20 years. To date, 24 industry workshops and interviews have been conducted and nearly 70 causal maps and future scenarios constructed on a broad range of issues, themes and subjects pertinent to the future of the uk construction sector. Accepted for publication -
Article: Realising a resilient and sustainable built environment: towards a strategic agenda for the United Kingdom
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ABSTRACT: This article was published in the journal, Disasters [© Blackwell Publishing]. The definitive version is available at: www.blackwell-synergy.com Recent natural and human-induced emergencies have highlighted the vulnerability of the built environment. Although most emergency events are not entirely unexpected, and the effects can be mitigated, emergency managers in the United Kingdom have not played a sufficiently proactive role in the mitigation of such events. If a resilient and sustainable built environment is to be achieved, emergency management should be more proactive and receive greater input from the stakeholders responsible for the planning, design, construction and operation of the built environment. This paper highlights the need for emergency management to take a more systematic approach to hazard mitigation by integrating more with professions from the construction sector. In particular, design changes may have to be considered, critical infrastructures must be protected, planning policies should be reviewed, and resilient and sustainable agendas adopted by all stakeholders. Accepted for publication -
Article: Deliberative democracy for effective stakeholder engagement in sustainability assessment
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ABSTRACT: This is a conference paper. In contrast to well established techniques such as Environmental Impact Assessment and Whole Life Costing which have limited focus, Sustainability Assessment has multiple dimensions and often requires the incorporation of several intangible concerns, for example environmental justice and social capital. The complex social and political dimensions of decision-making for sustainability imply that traditional methods of participation and expert-dominated decision-making may not be the most appropriate approach. It has become imperative, therefore, to shift from this mechanistic viewpoint towards more deliberative democratic and perhaps iterative processes. This paper argues that Sustainability Assessment may be considered as an opportunity to put discursive mechanisms into action, thus empowering the civil society and enhancing local decision-making. Sustainability Assessment would thus be seen less as an analytical technique and more as a forum for dialogue with the potential for serving as a basis for avoiding or handling potential conflicts. One measure of its effectiveness could be its successes in consensus building. Such interactive processes provide opportunities for the participants to share each other’s values. Through their involvement in this interchange of ideas and negotiations, the participants will become aware of each other’s values, which may not be so obvious at the beginning of the process, thus making it easier to align goals and objectives. This extends the purpose of the democratic process from reaching a consensus to mutual social learning. The paper argues that the innovative and context-specific solutions required for realising sustainable development can emerge from democratic deliberative processes that form part of Sustainability Assessment. These deliberative processes will evolve as the participants learn from new and innovative approaches to sustainability development and assessment. Accepted for publication -
Article: Conceptualizing stakeholder engagement in the context of sustainability and its assessment
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ABSTRACT: This is an electronic version of an article published as MATHUR, V.N., PRICE, A.D.F. and AUSTIN, S.A., 2008. Conceptualizing stakeholder engagement in the context of sustainability and its assessment. Construction Management and Economics, 26(6), pp. 601-609. Construction Management and Economics is available online at: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=t713664979 Stakeholder engagement in construction projects can be conceptualized in different ways. It can be seen from a strategic management perspective aimed at capturing knowledge, increasing ownership of the project by users, reducing conflict, encouraging innovation and facilitating spin-off partnerships. From an ethical perspective, meaningful stakeholder engagement can be seen to enhance inclusive decision making, promote equity, enhance local decision making and build social capital. The benefits from both of these perspectives are vital for sustainability; however, stakeholder engagement can also be seen from the perspective of an opportunity for social learning—a social process where diverse stakeholders share a common forum, learn about each other's values, reflect upon their own values and create a shared vision and shared objectives. Dialogue is also useful in increasing awareness, changing attitudes and affecting behaviours. Existing practices view stakeholder engagement: mostly from a management perspective; sometimes from an ethical perspective; less often as a combination of the two; and rarely have any element of the social learning perspective. There is a need for an approach that combines all the three perspectives if sustainability is to be pursued. A dialogue-oriented approach to integrated sustainability assessment could provide an ideal means to do so. Accepted for publication -
Article: Synthesising emerging issues within key futures study reports in construction
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ABSTRACT: This is a conference paper. Most futures studies aim to help people to better prepare for their future by identifying and examining emerging future issues relevant to them. In the last decade, there have been a range of futures studies published by individuals and organisations within the construction sector and wider afield. Despite this, little has been done on synthesising and classifying the emerging issues and analysing the substantive content of these studies. A thorough search of futures study reports in construction has been conducted from which key reports were selected to be examined in detail. Content analysis was employed to identify emerging future issues which were then used to populate a matrix showing the relationship between the reports and the issues identified. This yielded 337 emerging issues, both internal and external to the construction industry which were classified under six major themes, namely ‘technological’, ‘environmental’, ‘social’, ‘economic’, ‘governance’ and ‘construction industry’. Each is then discussed. The key characteristics of these issues, including the possible inter-connectivities among them are subsequently explained. The paper is concluded with a brief discourse on our future research work in this area and the possible associated methodologies to be employed. Accepted for publication -
Article: Defining, identifying and mapping stakeholders in the assessment of urban sustainability
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ABSTRACT: This paper was presented at the SUE-MoT Conference 2007 and is also available at: http://sue-mot.org/conference-2007/papers/ The assessment of sustainability requires that the diverse values of the stakeholders are represented in the context-specific interpretation of sustainability and in the choice of a desired course of action. Sustainability is a broad concept, and the stakeholders in sustainability are many. In order to have effective stakeholder engagement, it is crucial that all the relevant stakeholders are identified early in the process. In urban development projects, some stakeholders may be obvious, but there might be others who are excluded from the usual decision-making processes and may bear disproportionate environmental, social or economic costs leading to inequitable outcomes. This situation has created the need for a systematic approach to defining and identifying stakeholders for different contexts. This paper evaluates existing approaches for defining and identifying stakeholders in development projects and the requirements of a sustainability assessment process. From this analysis, an approach for defining and identifying stakeholders appropriate for sustainability assessment has been developed. The paper also argues that it is important to map out the levels of interest of different stakeholders in relation to the power that they hold. This is useful in determining the appropriate engagement techniques at each stage of a project and also in understanding any potential conflicts. It is thus important to understand the relationships between the different stakeholders because this can affect the success of the engagement process. Such a mapping of stakeholders can also be useful in anticipating their expectations. Accepted for publication -
Article: Values driven policy in designing environments for children and young people's education, health and wellbeing
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ABSTRACT: This is a conference paper. It is also available at: http://www.arcom.ac.uk/ The new millennium coincided with a reappraisal of value in UK construction and calls from a wide range of influential individuals, professional institutions and government bodies for the industry to exceed stakeholders’ expectations and develop integrated teams that can deliver world class products and services. As such value is certainly topical, but the importance of values as a separate but related concept is less well understood. This paper addresses the construction industry’s need to deliver public buildings that can regenerate communities, transform schools, modernise healthcare facilities and inspire children in a way that will make a real difference to their lives. Doing this requires a strong service and estates vision driven not only by the technical building solutions, but also by practitioners aspirations. Stakeholder engagement is seen by the Government as a way to bring about this reform, however the stakeholder consultation tools that are being deployed by providers and clients alike may be limited in how they translate values, attitudes and good teaching, learning and healthcare practices into building design. The purpose of this paper is to present the need to understand with greater meaning the values and cultures of schools and healthcare facilities during construction briefing and delivery and how the spirits of users can be harnessed to ensure the success and transformation of a new facility. It presents a longitudinal case study in which various tools and approaches have been developed and applied to address this need within education capital projects. It also draws on value, values and stakeholder literature in education and healthcare. The importance of this paper is to extend the range of methodological tools used in construction to structure the effects of meaning, culture and values on the construction industry’s processes, products and building operation and to translate learning between the education, health and social care sectors. It also hopes to encourage construction providers to extend their service and explore the opportunity to employ a similar methodology, particularly in the public sector environment where there is a growing need for multi-agency service integration. Accepted for publication -
Article: Scenario planning for construction companies
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ABSTRACT: This is a conference paper. Ability to understand the future holds the key to sustained competitive advantage. The key question is how to embed this ability into the strategic management skill-sets of companies using appropriate tools, techniques and processes, and involving the appropriate stakeholders. Futures methodology literature suggests that scenario planning is a powerful technique for looking at the future that is rarely used in construction. An implementation framework for company scenario planning is proposed derived from relevant parts of the literature and evolved through a series of interactions with industry. The framework emphasises that the awareness of external factors and industry scenarios, and the extent of stakeholder engagement throughout the process will determine the overall efficacy of scenario planning. Benefits will accrue from having a common understanding of alternative futures by explicitly capturing perceived future events, drivers and pathways in scenario mapping exercises. This should place companies in a better position to navigate their future and deal with potential threats and opportunities. Accepted for publication -
Article: Enhancing strategic planning in the UK construction industry
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ABSTRACT: This is conference paper. Strategic planning is a key management function which provides future direction and helps determine the competitiveness of companies. Evidence suggests that construction companies put less emphasis in exercising this function than their counterparts in other sectors. In order to understand current practice, a questionnaire survey and a workshop of senior managers in the UK construction sector was conducted, the results of which are reported here. This provides a platform for a proposed process framework for enhancing the strategic planning practices of companies within the construction sector using the principles of scenario planning. The proposed framework was derived from futures literature and evolved through a series of interactions with key construction industry stakeholders. The framework emphasises that the appreciation of relevant external factors and industry scenarios, in addition to the stakeholder engagement throughout the process, helps determine the overall effectiveness of the scenario planning undertaken. Benefit is maximised from having a common understanding of alternative futures, obtained by explicitly capturing perceived future events, drivers and associated interconnectivities investigated in the scenario mapping exercises. This should help UK construction companies involved in the process to better navigate their potential future(s) and hence enhance their strategic planning practices. Not specified -
Article: Slum rehabilitation in the context of urban sustainability: a case study of Mumbai, India
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ABSTRACT: This conference paper was presented at the Second International Conference on Whole Life Urban Sustainability and its Assessment: http://sue-mot.org/conference/ In the last two decades, migration from villages and small towns to metropolitan areas has increased tremendously in India. This leads to the degradation of urban environmental quality and sustainable development especially in the metropolitan cities. The problems faced by the people living in the urban areas of India have become major concerns for the government over the last two decades. Slums are considered to be the major issue within many urban areas; particularly problems related to transportation, population, health and safety. India is one of the fastest developing countries with many metropolitan cities (e.g. Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Delhi and Chennai). To explore the effect of rehabilitation of slums on urban sustainability, part of Mumbai was selected as a case study. Compared to the other metropolitan cities in India, Mumbai is one of the biggest metropolitan regions and capital of the state of Maharashtra with many slums varying in sizes. In addition, every year millions of rupees are being spent to resettle and rehabilitate slums to make Mumbai sustainable. It is reported that around 6 percent of the total land holds nearly 60 percent of the total Mumbai population (CBC, 2006). From 1980 onwards, the rate of migration and the sprawling nature of slums into the city has become an major issue, although many organisations are working towards development of Mumbai, the conditions are not conducive to achieving urban sustainable environment as most of the organisations are not working on a united front. Also, various researchers have reported that to maintain the pace of sustainable urbanisation, a holistic approach to sustainable development needs to be considered. Considering today’s poor urban environmental quality in Mumbai, there are many projects under development and execution to improve the poor conditions. Also, the World Bank has funded many projects with the primary aim of improving the city’s land transport, health and education which affect thousands of families. The majority of families affected by urban development projects are located in slum areas which are under consideration for resettlement and/ or rehabilitation. The aim of this research is to examine slum areas and their effects on sustainable urban development. To accomplish the above aim, a case study based approach, engaging a series of face‐to‐face interviews, was used. As a part of this research, an urban development project funded by the World Bank to achieve urban sustainability in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) was explored. Also, several visits to other slums and rehabilitated areas were conducted to identify the quality of life in slums and rehabilitated areas. The data collected during the face‐to‐face interviews, was used for descriptive analysis considering various aspects (i.e. social, educational) of urban sustainability. Through this research, the reasons for slums and problems related to slums were explored. During the research, it is revealed that some people still think that urbanisation is responsible for unsustainable development and they are not in favour of resettlement and rehabilitation. This suggests that to achieve successful urban sustainability, other issues such as employment, education and general awareness are also required along with low‐cost mass housing. Accepted for publication -
Article: A simulation assessment of the height of light shelves to enhance daylighting quality in tropical office buildings under overcast sky conditions in Dhaka, Banlgadesh
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to highlight the effectiveness of light shelves in tropical office buildings to enhance interior daylighting quality. Daylight simulation was performed for custom light shelves for a typical office floor of Dhaka City in Bangladesh, to determine the best possible location under overcast sky conditions. Six alternative models of a 3m high study space were created with varying heights of light shelves. The 3D models were first generated in the Ecotect to study the distribution and uniformity of daylight in the interior space with splitflux method. These models were then exported to a physically-based backward raytracer, Radiance Synthetic Imaging software to generate realistic lighting levels for validating and crosschecking the Ecotect results. The results showed that for achieving light levels closest to specified standards, light shelves at a height of 2m above floor level perform better among the seven alternatives studied including the alternative where no light shelves are present. Finally, the decisions were verified with DAYSIM simulation program to ensure the compliance of the decisions with dynamic annual climate-based daylight performance metrics. Published -
Article: Barriers to the adoption of sustainability assessment tools in strategic decision making
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ABSTRACT: The ubiquitous drive towards a more sustainable future has resulted in major changes in the planning and design of urban environments. Government strategies on sustainable development, published in 1999 and 2005, are thought to be driving the development of new legislations that are aimed at delivering a sustainable future for the UK. As a result, conventional stand-alone approaches to decision making in strategic planning are being replaced by more participatory and evidence-based approaches. These focus on achieving sustainability by taking into account the dynamic interactions between social, economic and environmental aspects of urban environments. The sheer volume of complex urban issues, the multiplicity of stakeholders and their varying values and diversity of viewpoints - all contribute towards making urban sustainability and its assessment an intellectually challenging task. Many tools have been developed to aid the decision making process by assessing the impacts of urban projects throughout their lifecycle. Sustainability assessment (SA) tools range from the assessment of a single indicator within a given context to the integrated assessment of a wide range of indicators covering many facets of sustainable development. However, the adoption of SA tools in decision making for strategic planning remains low. This paper reports on the findings of the research aimed at the identification and classification of the factors that had the potential to hinder or encourage the adoption of SA tools during the preparation of a local strategic plan. Based on the findings of a review of relevant literature, a questionnaire survey, followup interviews and a case study, the application context of SA tools was identified. To better understand the barriers to the adoption of SA tools, concepts from information sciences were taken into account. The findings reveal that in the complex platform of decision making, the adoption of tools is often constrained by the chain effects of interconnected barriers relating to technology, people and resources. The lack of appropriate tools to serve the demands of the sustainability assessment process and the lack of relevant expertise are the major barriers to the adoption of SA tools. Emerging policy context calls for robust and integrated tools that will perform efficiently to guide the decision making process. Joined-up efforts are required from academia and industry to develop the SA tools and to enhance professionals’ skills in the application of SA tools to meet the challenges of sustainability decision making in an emerging policy context. Accepted for publication -
Article: Daylight simulation for sustainable urban office building design in Dhaka, Bangladesh: decision-making for internal blind configurations
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ABSTRACT: In an urban site, daylight strategies increasingly depend on the availability of natural light, which is influenced largely by the immediate surroundings of the building, particularly the presence of natural and manmade obstructions. Under such conditions the latitude of the site and its regional climatic conditions, such as ambient outdoor daylight levels and sunshine probability are found to have diminished direct impacts on the interior daylight potential. In these highly specific urban environments created by built-up surroundings, no generalised way exists to describe or predict the luminous microclimate. However, simulation can be used as a design tool for sustainable daylight design. Using simulation programs, this paper examines the significant impact of surroundings on daylight probability on urban buildings. Daylight simulation was performed in this study by creating the virtual urban environment based on the information of a true site urban office building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a tropical location, with predominantly overcast skies. The 3D models were first generated for computer simulation in the Ecotect program to calculate the amount of daylight incident on a generated grid point on the work-plane. These models were then exported to Radiance Synthetic Imaging software to generate realistic lighting levels and finally verified with DAYSIM simulation program for annual performance evaluation. The results show that daylight entering from different sides of the building is affected vastly by surroundings and this influences the indoor illuminance and luminance distribution. This paper also demonstrates a case of decision-making between two most popular configurations (vertical and horizontal) of internal blinds used in urban offices of Dhaka. The focus of the paper is to highlight the importance of daylight simulation in sustainable urban office building design, while at the same time gives a general methodology for decision-making regarding daylight design elements. Accepted for publication -
Article: Systematic study of the therapeutic impact of daylight associated with clinical recovery
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ABSTRACT: Daylight appears to be one of the most important visual and sensual elements of hospital environment for patients ’ health and wellbeing and is often given insufficient priority by researchers, due to its versatility and far-reaching but complex implications. The information related to daylight in hospitals is spread over a wide range of articles and research reports done by either biologists or researchers of therapeutic built environment. Therefore, it is difficult for daylight researcher to link these two and get a complete picture of the possible influences of therapeutic daylight. This paper is aimed at compiling and arranging the findings of two research groups in a line to explore how daylight impacts on patients ’ health and recovery gradually from light incident on patients ’ eye or skin, to the evidences of patients ’ health outcomes in hospital environment. The findings from literature review will strengthen the foundation of researchers who want to investigate the effect of daylight on clinical recovery and intend to design therapeutic daylit hospital buildings. Published -
Article: Reviewing the sustainabilty of existing healthcare facilities
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ABSTRACT: This paper was presented at the 24th Annual ARCOM Conference. The National Health Services (NHS) is currently undertaking its largest hospital building programme with £7 billion worth of major hospital projects in the pipeline. This is happening at a time when global warming, climate change, and environmental pollution have become major considerations during the design process. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported that hospitals tend to comprise the key characteristics of a hotel, a warehouse, and a factory all at the same time, which makes their energy consumption extremely high, although the energy consumption does vary considerably from one facility to another. There are standards and guidelines for designing new healthcare facilities such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Green Guide to Health Construction (GGHC). These standards do not apply to existing healthcare facilities. Comparing today's NHS building stock, it won't be incorrect to say that, most of the facilities used by NHS are built in 20th century operating in 21st century. This is a major problem associated with these facilities, it is reported that 30% of energy consumed by these facilities is wasted. This work is based on a literature review, which explores the government actions, policies, and available standards for healthcare facilities. Accepted for publication -
Article: A Framework for refurbishment of health facilities
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ABSTRACT: This is conerence paper. Further details of the conference are available at: http://www.haciric.org/events/2010/09/22/haciric-international-conference-2010 Demolishing existing facilities and constructing new facilities is not a feasible solution to provide modern healthcare services and reducing the impacts of healthcare construction industry on the environment. Also, the National Health Service’s (NHS) focus on new construction in the recent past is responsible for the deteriorating existing building stock. An investigation of healthcare refurbishment reveals a need for a specific framework for existing buildings as the characteristics of new facilities and existing facilities are not similar. The function of the framework should be to assist with the refurbishment process. The research attempts to discuss current trends in refurbishment of healthcare facilities and possible solutions for the same. The methodology used is a literature review, web-based case studies, interviews, and observation site visits to several hospitals. A conceptual framework for refurbishment is proposed in the remainder of the paper. This work is a part of a research project related to existing healthcare facilities with energy as a key focus. It is identified that research in the area of refurbishment of existing hospitals has been neglected despite existing hospitals accounting for a significant portion of the NHS’s healthcare buildings stock. Accepted for publication -
Article: BIM and refurbishment of exisiting healthcare facilities
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ABSTRACT: This is a conference paper. It is also available at: http://www.arcom.ac.uk/ Towards the end of the 20th century, a growing concern to save nature and natural resources promoted sustainability, which evolved as a major area for global concern. Moreover, an increasing awareness about sustainability in the healthcare sector and construction industry demands more tools for the development, execution, and assessment of projects from environment point of view. To support and assess sustainability, various researchers, governmental and non-governmental organisations developed several tools. Also, it is expected that buildings will have a longer life (especially if constructed from 1980s onwards) because of improved building regulations, modern technologies, advanced tools, and new standards. Project goals, budgets, and clients' willingness towards developing a green facility determines the design team approach towards refurbishment, adoption of tools, and sustainability. Moreover, not all healthcare projects involve new construction; some are partly refurbished and/or extension to existing buildings, so the tools are considered in the context of existing facilities in this paper. Issues and drivers for refurbishment of existing healthcare facilities are discussed from a sustainability point of view. The need for existing healthcare facilities to remain operational during refurbishment projects presents a specific challenge during (re)development. A discussion of some of the widely accepted tools used to develop(sustainable) designs such as building information modelling (BIM) is also presented. The methodology includes a questionnaire survey, interviews, and site visits to hospitals. This work is output of analysis of the primary data collected to accomplish objectives of a threeyear research project related to existing healthcare facilities, and reduction of their energy consumption and carbon emissions. Accepted for publication -
Article: Integrating disaster risk management into construction: A UK perspective
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ABSTRACT: This is a pre-print of an article published in the journal, Building Research and Information [© Taylor & Francis]. The definitive version: Bosher, L.S. ... et, 2007. Integrating disaster risk management into construction: a UK perspective. Building Research & Information, 35 (2), pp. 163 - 177, is available at: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/09613218.asp Although most disasters are not entirely unexpected and therefore can, to varying degrees, be mitigated for, the construction sector in the UK does not play a sufficiently integrated role in disaster risk management. This paper reports on research that is developing a knowledge database and decision support framework to enable more effective disaster risk management strategies from a construction perspective. Questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews were used to review the opinions of professionals involved with activities such as emergency planning, construction, urban planning and insurance on issues related to disaster risk management in the UK. The findings suggest that knowledge and awareness of integrated approaches is poor and the construction sector as a key stakeholder and potential resource is not being used sufficiently. The key recommendations are: construction related stakeholders need to become more involved in groups such as Local Resilience Teams and Forums; risk and hazard awareness training needs to be integrated systematically into the professional training of architects, planners, engineers, developers etc.; and the construction sector should embrace and pre-empt regulatory changes regarding resilient construction requirements. Submitted for publication
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2002
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Loughborough University
- School of Civil and Building Engineering
Loughborough, ENG, United Kingdom
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