Publications (18)32.11 Total impact
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Article: Optimism of health care workers during a disaster: a review of the literature.
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ABSTRACT: Optimism has several orientations. One such outlook is a general tendency to regard the world as a positive place, accepting difficulties as mere challenges instead of impassable barriers. Among health care workers, optimism improves their level of functioning, their patients' satisfaction, and their therapeutic results. Optimistic staff members report feeling less pressure, use fewer avoidance strategies, focus on practical problem solutions, seek social support, and have more trust in people and organizations. The aim of this article is to provide a review of the literature concerning the role of optimism, both in daily life and in crisis situations. An attempt was made to find the linkage between optimism among health care workers during disasters and their active response, with special emphasis on the relationship between optimism and knowledge, feelings or behavior. Based on the literature, optimism was found to be helpful both in daily medical work and in cases of medical emergencies. Optimism was also revealed one of the key components of resilience and self-efficacy. Therefore, it is recommended to consider strengthening the optimism through initiative programs. Obtaining optimism can be included in toolkit preparedness for health care workers in order to confront the complications in the aftermath of disaster. These programs, together with appropriate information, social support, professional trust, and leaders modeling behavior, will raise the well-being and enhance coping skills of the health care workers during and aftermath of disaster scenarios.Emerging Health Threats Journal 01/2012; 5. -
Article: Who is willing to risk his life for a patient with a potentially fatal, communicable disease during the peak of A/H1N1 pandemic in Israel?
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ABSTRACT: The willingness of healthcare workers to risk their lives for a patient with a potentially fatal, communicable disease is a major concern, especially during a pandemic where the need for adequate staffing is crucial and where the public atmosphere might enhance anxiety and fear of exposure. To examine the relationships between the willingness of healthcare workers to risk their lives for a patient with a potentially fatal A/H1N1 flu, and knowledge of personal protection against infection, and trust in colleagues, workplace preparedness and the effectiveness of safety measures, during the winter A/H1N1 pandemic in Israel. A questionnaire was distributed to healthcare workers in 21 hospitals in Israel between 26 November 2009 and 10 December 2009 (the peak of the winter A/H1N1 flu outbreak). The questionnaire was completed by 1147 healthcare workers. Willingness to risk one's life for a patient was significantly lower in females, respondents of younger age (18-24 years), administrative staff, and those with a non-academic education, as well as among those with a less knowledge about safety measures and among those with less trust in colleagues, in work place preparedness, and in the effectiveness of safety measures. Willingness to risk one's life for a patient is related to knowledge of safety measures, and trust in colleagues and work place preparedness. Education programs to enhance trust in colleagues, improve work place preparedness, and safety measures are recommended, especially for healthcare workers who are young, inexperienced, female, or administrative staff.Journal of Emergencies Trauma and Shock 04/2011; 4(2):184-7. -
Article: A retrospective study of the eligibility for tonsillectomy.
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ABSTRACT: The criteria for tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis were established by prospective studies in the pediatric population and are applied to adults as well. No studies have been conducted to assess whether these guidelines are followed. To examine the eligibility for tonsillectomy of tonsillectomized patients who were referred because of recurrent acute tonsillitis. A retrospective case series in an ambulatory military otolaryngology clinic was conducted, and the medical records of 44 tonsillectomized patients who suffered from throat infections during the year before surgery were analyzed. The number of tonsillar infections that met the referral criteria was counted. The average number of throat infections that met the referral criteria was 1.89 per year. The average number of visits to the clinic due to upper respiratory tract infection was 12.92 (range 2-36) per year. The average number of visits for any cause was 45.13 (range 6-64) per year. One patient with eight documented throat infections met the criterion of more than six infections in the last year. Although the referral criteria were not strictly met, we speculate that surgery was probably beneficial. This study shows that the indications for tonsillectomy referral are not strictly followed, and that new criteria for referral of adults for tonsillectomy need to be established.The Israel Medical Association journal: IMAJ 11/2010; 12(11):681-3. · 1.02 Impact Factor -
Article: Back disorders among Israeli youth: a prevalence study in young military recruits.
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ABSTRACT: Back problems are reported with increasing frequency in adults and adolescents. Most information is from self-reported questionnaires or studies with small sample sizes. Reports were usually focused on specific diseases and biased toward overdiagnosis. To assess the prevalence of common back disorders among a large cohort of 17-year-old males and females recruited by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). A retrospective cross-sectional prevalence study. Seventeen-year-old Israeli male and female military recruits reporting as directed by the IDF for preinduction medical examination between January 01, 1998 and December 31, 2006. Military functional limitation Grades 1 to 7 per diagnosis category. Military recruits were examined and classified based on medical and orthopedic diagnoses. They were referred for orthopedic consultation as necessary. Four orthopedic classifications were used: spinal deformity (including kyphosis and scoliosis), back pain (including neck and radicular syndromes), spondylolysis/olisthesis, and limitations resulting from trauma or spinal surgery. Data were coded into a central database, and descriptive statistics are presented. The overall prevalence of back disorders among 828,171 17-year-old military recruits (61.5% male) was 16.8%. Back disorders resulting in significant functional limitation were diagnosed in 0.8% of recruits. The most prevalent diagnoses were spinal deformities (kyphosis and scoliosis, females 11.9%, males 11.5%) and back pain (females 3.0%, males 5.6%). Most of these diagnoses were rated as mild. When using objective criteria, overall back disorders in a large population of 17-year-old recruits were 17%, considerably lower than most reports. Back morbidity severe enough to prevent combat duty occurred at a rate of less than 1%, suggesting that serious back morbidity is not a frequent finding in this age group. Symptom prevalence study, Level III.The spine journal: official journal of the North American Spine Society 06/2010; 12(9):749-55. · 2.90 Impact Factor -
Article: Relationship Between Sources of Information and the Willingness of Healthcare Workers to Risk their Lives for a Patient During the Peak of A/H1N1 Pandemic …
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ABSTRACT: Background: The willingness of healthcare workers to risk their lives for a patient if a fatal transformation of the virus would occur is a major concern, especially during a pandemic where the need for adequate staffing is crucial and where the public atmosphere might increase anxiety and fear of exposure. Objective: To examine the relationships between the source of information about the disease and the willingness of healthcare workers to risk their lives for a patient with a fatal A/H1N1 flu, during the winter A/H1N1 pandemic in Israel. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to healthcare workers in 21 hospitals and 40 primary clinics in Israel between November 26, 2009 and December 10, 2009 (the peak of the winter A/H1N1 flu outbreak). Results: The questionnaire was completed by 1147 healthcare workers. The most common source of information reported was television (65%), followed by speaking with colleagues and reading the Ministry of Health regulations (63%) each, internet (61%), and newspapers (51%). The least common sources of information were reading a scientific article (35%) and attending a professional lecture (31%). Willingness to risk one's life was significantly higher in healthcare workers who reported that their source of information about the disease was reading a scientific article, Ministry of Health regulations, a professional lecture, or a colleague. Willingness was not significantly different among health care workers who reported that their source of information about the disease was television programs, a newspaper article, or general internet sites. Conclusions: Willingness to risk one's life for a patient is directly related to professional sources of information and is not related to nonprofessional information obtained from mass media.The Open Epidemiology Journal 01/2010; 310(53):53-57. -
Article: Wireless capsule endoscopy in Israeli Defense Force: two years of experience.
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ABSTRACT: Evaluate outcome and diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE) in soldiers with suspected small bowel disease, in comparison to traditional diagnostic procedures. 27 consecutive soldiers who underwent CE between June 2002 and February 2004 were enrolled. Results of CE were compared to standard techniques. CE was normal in 16 patients (59.3%). Findings could not explain any signs or symptoms were observed in 11.1%. Definite diagnosis of Crohn's disease was obtained in 11.1%. Patients (62.5%) with a triad of symptoms (abdominal pain, changed bowel habits, and gastrointestinal bleeding) versus 15.8% without that triad, had either diagnostic or suspicious CE (p = 0.015). Diagnostic yield of CE was higher in gastrointestinal bleeding (25%) in comparison to suspected Crohn's disease (15.8%). Three out of 6 patients (50%) with suggestive findings of Crohn's disease in the preliminary workup were diagnosed as definite Crohn's by capsule endoscopy. CE allowed the physician to conclude workup in 71% patients. CE should be used when obscure gastrointestinal bleeding or Crohn's disease is suspected without a conclusive diagnosis. Furthermore, when a triad of symptoms exists CE should be considered as first line examination.Military medicine 09/2009; 174(9):991-5. · 0.92 Impact Factor -
Article: Ocular parameters as an objective tool for the assessment of truck drivers fatigue.
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ABSTRACT: Ocular parameters are influenced by sleep derivation and the use of chemical substances which are two major causes for traffic accidents. We assessed the use of these parameters as an objective screening tool for a driver's fitness for duty. Pupillary diameter, pupil reaction to light and saccadic velocity were measured in 29 army truck drivers every morning for two months and compared to baseline measurements taken while the subjects were alert. An index which expressed the difference between study and baseline measurements was calculated, and drivers with significant deviation from baseline were disqualified and interviewed. Non-disqualified drivers served as controls. Twenty-nine percent of disqualified drivers reported sleeping less than the minimum of 7h required by army regulations compared with 8% of control drivers (p=0.01). Disqualified drivers had worse sleep quality the night before the test (Groningen Sleep Quality Scale, p=0.03) and incurred more accidents per driving day during their service (0.023 vs. 0.015 accidents/day, p=0.03). Two disqualified drivers admitted to using alcohol or sleeping pills. Thus, these ocular parameters may serve as a screening tool for drivers that are at high risk for driving. Drivers who were disqualified even once, tend to be involved in more motor vehicle accidents than their peers.Accident; analysis and prevention 08/2009; 41(4):856-60. · 1.65 Impact Factor -
Article: The prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in Israeli adolescents and its association with body mass index, gender, and Jewish ethnicity.
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ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to describe gastrointestinal (GI) disease prevalence in Israeli adolescents, and possible associations between prevalence and body mass index (BMI), sex and Jewish ethnicity. A retrospective analysis of screening for GI disease performed by the Israeli Defense Forces recruiting office between 1998 and 2003. Screening was performed at the recruiting office, and included detailed history and physical examination performed by a general practitioner. Further testing was performed as needed and the final diagnosis was established by a gastroenterologist at the recruiting office. Seventeen-year-old Israeli nationals. During the study period, 466,855 (58.5% male) adolescents were screened for GI disease. Peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and nonulcer dyspepsia were the most prevalent disorders affecting 466/10, 460/10, and 296/10, respectively. There was an increase in the prevalence of lactose intolerance during the study period and also an increase in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease in females. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease has also increased from 100/10 to 149/10, although this trend failed to reach statistical significance (P=0.097). Higher BMI was associated with statistically significant higher prevalence rates of gastroesophageal reflux disease (P<0.05). A stronger association in females was found in gallbladder disease (P<0.001). Lower BMI was associated with higher prevalence rates of irritable bowel syndrome (P<0.001), and higher rates of inflammatory bowel disease and lactose intolerance in males (P<0.01 and <0.001, respectively). GI diseases are not uncommon among adolescents, and for some disorders prevalence is rising. The association between BMI and prevalence has been further clarified.Journal of clinical gastroenterology 09/2008; 42(8):903-9. · 2.21 Impact Factor -
Article: Gallbladder inflammation is associated with increase in mucin expression and pigmented stone formation.
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ABSTRACT: Mucin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that plays an important role in protecting the gallbladder epithelium from the detergent effect of bile. However, it also participates in gallstone formation. There is little information about a possible relationship between gallbladder inflammation and mucin expression or gallbladder stones' characteristics. The aims of this study were to investigate stone characteristics and patterns of mucin expression in the gallbladder epithelium and bile of gallstone patients, in relation to inflammation. Gallbladder bile and tissue samples from 21 patients were obtained at surgery. Mucin content was evaluated by gel filtration on a Sepharose CL-4B column. Dot blot for bile mucin apoproteins and immunohistochemistry staining for gallbladder mucosal mucin apoproteins were performed with antibodies to MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6. Staining intensity score (0-3) was used for assessment of antigen expression and the level of inflammation. Gallstone cholesterol content was determined in 16 patients. MUC 5AC and MUC 5B were demonstrated in 95.4 and 100% of gallbladder bile samples, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining with antibodies to MUC 2, MUC 3, MUC 5AC, MUC 5B and MUC 6 were positive in 0, 100, 85.7, 100 and 95.4% of the gallbladder mucosal samples, respectively. Pigmented brown stones were associated with a higher level of gallbladder inflammation. Mucin species expressed in gallbladder epithelium are MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6. MUC5AC and MUC5B are secreted into bile. Inflammation of the gallbladder is accompanied by a higher level of MUC5AC expression and is associated with pigmented brown stones.Digestive Diseases and Sciences 08/2007; 52(7):1613-20. · 2.12 Impact Factor -
Article: Screening and treating amblyopia: are we making a difference?
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ABSTRACT: To determine the rate of amblyopia in native Jewish Israelis compared with those who immigrated from the former Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) after they were 10 years of age. Health records of all 16-year-old subjects examined in the Israel Defense Forces Recruitment Center between 1998 and 2003 were analyzed. The number of subjects with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/12 or less in at least one eye among native Israelis and among those who immigrated to Israel from the U.S.S.R. after they were 10 years of age was determined. Subjects who had any ocular disease except cataract, corneal opacity, strabismus, or ptosis were excluded. Of 305,712 subjects examined between 1998 and 2003, 292,255 were enrolled in the study. Of those, 260,186 (89%) were born in Israel and 32,069 (11%) were born in the U.S.S.R. and immigrated to Israel after they were 10 years of age. There were 2565 (0.98%) native Israelis and 483 (1.5%) immigrants who had BCVA of 6/12 or less in at least one eye (chi(2) test, P < 0.00001). The rate of amblyopia among subjects who had refractive errors was 14.6% among immigrants, as opposed to 8.0% among native Israelis (P < 0.0001), whereas amblyopia rates among those with strabismus, cataract, or ptosis were similar in native Israelis and immigrants (34.4%, 38.6%, 12.8% as opposed to 34%, 37.5%, 15.4%, respectively, P = 0.5-0.61). The difference in the rate of refractive amblyopia as opposed to strabismic and deprivation amblyopia may be due to the difference in vision screening methods between both countries.Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 05/2007; 48(5):2084-8. · 3.60 Impact Factor -
Article: Multiple common naevi in Israeli adolescents.
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ABSTRACT: The most prominent known phenotypic risk factor for the development of melanoma is a large number of common melanocytic naevi. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of multiple common naevi in a group of 17-year-olds and to identify possible associated risk factors. The study subjects were approximately 40,000 female and 60,000 male 17-year-old Jewish Israelis presenting to army recruitment centres for compulsory military service during a 1-year period from January 2003 to December 2003. Data were gathered on whole-body naevi count, years of education, place of residence and place of birth of the recruit, his/her parents and paternal grandparents. The count of whole-body naevi was carried out by military physicians. The multiple naevi phenotype was defined by the presence of more than 50 naevi. The prevalence of the phenotype was highest amongst recruits of American origin and lowest amongst those of Asian and African origin (P < 0.0001). The prevalence differed in different population centres, the highest being in the coastal cities of Haifa and Tel Aviv. This pattern corresponded to the geographical distribution of melanoma in Israel. Amongst male conscripts, the phenotype was more common in the better educated group (> or =12 years) than in the poorer educated conscripts (< or = 11 years) (P = 0.051). When adjusted for the factors studied, a significant correlation was found between a high multiple common naevi count and American and European origin and residence in coastal cities, reflecting the complex interplay between endogenous and exogenous factors of melanoma.Melanoma Research 02/2006; 16(1):89-92. · 2.19 Impact Factor -
Article: The changing prevalence of myopia in young adults: a 13-year series of population-based prevalence surveys.
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ABSTRACT: To determine the changing prevalence of myopia during the years 1990 through 2002 among the 16- to 22-year age group and identify possible risk factors. A retrospective study, based on 13 repeated prevalence surveys conducted over a 13-year period. The study subjects were all Israeli nationals belonging to the 16- to 22-year age group from the years 1990 to 2002. Refraction was determined by using subjective visual acuity followed by noncycloplegic autorefraction and subjective validation based on the autorefraction Mild myopia was defined as a refractive error of -0.50 to -3.00 D in at least one eye, moderate myopia as -3.25 to -6.00 D, and high myopia as more than -6.00 D. results. There were 919,929 subjects (382,139 [42%] females and 537,790 [58%] males) included in the study. The overall prevalence of myopia increased from 20.3% in 1990 to 28.3% in 2002. The prevalence of high, moderate, and mild myopia significantly increased in males from 1.7%, 5.7%, and 11.6% in 1990 to 2.05%, 7.2%, and 16.3% in 2002, respectively (P < 0.001). In females, the prevalence of myopia increased from 1.9%, 6.6%, and 13.5% in 1990 to 2.4%, 9.2%, and 20.7% in 2002, respectively (P < 0.001). A correlation between myopia and the number of years of education was observed. Non-Israeli origin was found to be a significant risk factor for myopia. During the 13 years from 1990 to 2002, the prevalence of myopia significantly increased among the Israeli population. Although there was an association with the level of education, gender, ethnicity, and origin, the prevalence of myopia increased on an annual basis, independent of these factors.Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 08/2005; 46(8):2760-5. · 3.60 Impact Factor -
Article: The prevalence of common cardiovascular diseases among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts.
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ABSTRACT: There are only few reports on the prevalence of common cardiovascular disorders among adolescents. The previous studies focused on specific diseases, and screened relatively small samples. The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of different common cardiovascular disorders among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts. A comparison between the morbidity patterns of female and male adolescents was also performed. All 17-years-old Israeli nationals are obliged by law to appear at the Israel Defense Forces Recruiting Office for medical examination except for orthodox religious and Arabic adolescents. Cardiology specialists evaluated and classified nominees with suspected cardiovascular disorders. The most prevalent diagnoses were valvular heart disease (590/ 100,000), syncope (440/100,000), and mitral valve prolapse (340/100,000). The most prominent differences between female and male adolescents were noted in the prevalence of: congenital valvular heart disease, syncope, history of hypertension, supraventricular tachycardia with pre-excitation, myocarditis and pericarditis, and bradycardia and conduction disorders. The most prevalent cardiac disorders among 17-year-old Israelis were congenital valvular heart disease, syncope and mitral valve prolapse. Some significant differences were noted between the morbidity patterns among male and female adolescents. The higher prevalence of congenital valvular heart disease compared to non-valvular heart disease is surprising. The prevalence of hypertension among Israeli adolescents in the last 15 years remained stable.Cardiology 02/2005; 104(1):6-9. · 1.71 Impact Factor -
Article: Affective psychosis following Accutane (isotretinoin) treatment.
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ABSTRACT: Isotretinoin (Accutane) ranks in the top 10 of the US Food and Drug Administration's database of drugs associated with reports of depression and suicide attempts. However, this association is still controversial because up to 5.6% of patients with moderate acne may have pre-existing suicidal ideations, improvement of acne often reduces associated depression, and isotretinoin users are reportedly no more likely than those taking antibiotics for acne to have depression or commit suicide. We describe a series of cases of manic psychosis that developed in a 1-year period (2003) in association with isotretinoin treatment and resulted in suicidality and progression to long-standing psychosis. Cases were drawn from 500 soldiers who had been evaluated in a military specialists dermatology clinic for severe acne. Data were summarized from medical records of five severe acne patients treated by isotretinion during their compulsory military service. Data from their draft board examinations and service records, as well as repeated clinical assessments by certified psychiatrists at the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Mental Health Department clinic, were evaluated. Five young adults developed manic psychosis within a mean of 7.6 months of exposure to isotretinoin. In three cases, this was accompanied by a suicide attempt, and in three cases, psychosis lasted for longer than 6 months. Either a personal history of obsessive-compulsive disorder, neurological insult or family history of a major psychiatric illness were present in all cases. The present case-series is suggestive of an increase in the likelihood of an association between exposure to isotretinion and manic psychosis. Associated risk factors were both family and personal history of psychiatric morbidity. Further studies are needed to establish our findings.International Clinical Psychopharmacology 02/2005; 20(1):39-41. · 2.92 Impact Factor -
Article: Natural human polyreactive IgM induce apoptosis of lymphoid cell lines and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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ABSTRACT: Natural polyreactive IgM autoantibodies, encoded by unmutated germline Ig V genes, represent a major fraction of the normal circulating IgM repertoire. We have previously shown that therapeutic preparation of pooled IgM exerts immunomodulatory effects as assessed by in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we show that the IgM preparation induces cell death in lymphoblastoid cell lines and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The IgM-induced cell death involved classical features of apoptosis such as nuclear fragmentation and activation of caspases. Treatment of leukemic cells with IgM resulted in the cleavage of poly-(A)DP ribose polymerase, a substrate of caspase, and in a reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential during the early period of apoptosis induction. Natural IgM-induced apoptosis was inhibited by soluble Fas molecules and affinity-purified Fas antibodies from pooled IgM preparation induced apoptosis in lymphoblastoid cells, suggesting the involvement of the Fas receptor. Our results suggest a role for normal IgM in controlling cell death and proliferation, and imply a possible therapeutic role for IgM in autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders.International Immunology 04/2004; 16(3):517-24. · 3.41 Impact Factor -
Article: Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage in a patient with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
The Israel Medical Association journal: IMAJ 07/2002; 4(6):464-5. · 1.02 Impact Factor -
Article: Application of Porter's generic strategies in ambulatory health care: a comparison of managerial perceptions in two Israeli sick funds.
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ABSTRACT: A number of typologies have been developed in the strategic management literature to categorize strategies that an organization can pursue at the business level. Extensive research has established Porter's generic strategies of (1) cost leadership, (2) differentiation, (3) differentiation focus, (4) cost focus, and (5) stuck-in-the-middle as the dominant paradigm in the literature. The purpose of the current study was to research competitive strategies in the Israeli ambulatory health care system, by comparing managerial perceptions of present and ideal business strategies in two Israeli sick funds. We developed a unique research tool, which reliably examines the gap between the present and ideal status managerial views. We found a relation between the business strategy and performance measures, thus strengthening Porter's original theory about the nonviability of the stuck-in-the-middle strategy, and suggesting the applicability Porter's generic strategies to not-for-profit institutes in an ambulatory health care system.Health care management review 30(1):17-23. · 1.30 Impact Factor -
Article: Screening for common respiratory diseases among Israeli adolescents.
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ABSTRACT: Respiratory diseases are responsible for a significant proportion of serious morbidity among adolescents. There are few reports on the prevalence of common respiratory disorders in this population. The previous studies focused on specific diseases and screened relatively small samples. To define the prevalence of different common respiratory disorders among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts. All 17-year-old Israeli nationals are obliged by law to appear at the Israel Defense Forces recruiting office for medical examination. Respiratory disease specialists evaluated and classified nominees with suspected respiratory disorders. A high prevalence of respiratory morbidity was found among 94,805 17-year-old conscripts (61.5% male, 39.5% female). The most prevalent diagnosis was asthma (in 8% of male and 6.8% of female subjects). Fifty-five per cent of the asthma patients suffered from moderate to severe disease. The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 0.03% for the male and 0.01% for the female subjects. A difference in morbidity patterns between male and female adolescents was noted, particularly in the prevalence of chest deformation and spontaneous pneumothorax. The most prevalent respiratory disorder among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts was asthma. One-half of the asthma patients in this study suffered from moderate to severe disease. The prevalence of other respiratory disorders was much lower.Canadian respiratory journal: journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society 11(4):298-300. · 1.56 Impact Factor
Top co-authors
Top Journals
Institutions
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2011
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Bar Ilan University
- Faculty of Social Sciences
Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2010
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Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon
Jerusalem, Jerusalem District, Israel
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2007–2010
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Tel Aviv University
- Department of Ophthalmology
Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2005
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Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Department of Health Systems Management
Beersheba, Southern District, Israel
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