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ABSTRACT: The adenocarcinoma of the lung has recently shown peculiar molecular characteristics, which relate with both carcinogenesis and response to targeted drugs. Several molecular alterations have been defined as "driver oncogenes" responsible for both the initiation and maintenance of the malignancy. So far, 50% of lung adenocarcinoma has been found harbouring driver oncogenes, in which epidermal growth factor receptor pathway plays important roles. In this review, we will report mainly the advances on significance of some latest driver mutations.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 02/2013; 16(2):91-6.
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ABSTRACT: Paclitaxel plus cisplatin (TP) is used as the standard regimen for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we compared the response rate (RR), overall survival (OS), and toxicity of the combined chemotherapy regimen of liposomal paclitaxel plus cisplatin (LP) with those of TP as first-line treatments for advanced NSCLC.
A total of 100 patients were randomly selected to be treated with liposomal paclitaxel or paclitaxel at a dose of 150 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus cisplatin at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 2 per cycle every 21 days.
All 100 patients were eligible. The median progression free survival was 5.1 months vs 4.2 months, the median OS was 9.0 months vs 9.3 months, and RR was 26% vs 24% in the LP and TP arms, respectively. No significant difference was observed (P=0.110, 0.342 and 0.890, respectively). There was no significant difference between grades 3 and 4 toxicity of the arms (P>0.05). Peripheral neuritis observed in the LP arm was significantly lower than that in the TP arm (8% vs 28%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.030).
The effects of LP and TP as first-line therapies for NSCLC are similar. However, peripheral neuritis in the LP arm is significantly lower than in the TP arm.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 04/2012; 15(4):208-12.
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ABSTRACT: Surface soil samples were collected from 161 sites throughout the downtown and suburban area of Beijing, China. The samples
were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations. Through Kriging analysis, five heavily contaminated
zones were identified in the study area. Sources of PAHs in the soil were apportioned using principal factor analysis and
multiple linear regression. Three factors were identified representing coal combustion/vehicle emission, coking emission,
and petroleum sources, respectively. The relative contributions of the three sources were 48% for coal/vehicle emission, 28%
for coking emission, and 24% for petroleum sources. The contributions of total PAHs from the three sources were 16.4, 4.63
and 3.70ng g−1, respectively. Spatial analysis indicated that the contribution of coal/vehicle sources was higher in the downtown area than
in the suburban area, the petroleum sources had a high contribution in the urban area, and the contribution of coking sources
was high in the suburban area. The results indicated that PAH contamination in the surface soil in Beijing was closely related
to the spatial characteristics of energy consumption and functional zoning. Improvement of the energy consumption structure
and relocation of industries with heavy pollution are effective ways to control PAH contamination in surface soil in the area.
Environmental Geology 04/2012; 56(6):1041-1050. · 1.13 Impact Factor
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Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 10/2011; 14(10):811-8.
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Weihua Tian,
Zhiqiang Wang,
Juntian Zhou, Shucai Zhang,
Jinghui Wang,
Qiang Chen,
Cheng Huang,
Liangxi Pan,
Lili Zhang,
Jianjin Huang,
Hong Shen,
Tongyu Lin
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of palonosetron and granisetron in a Chinese population receiving highly emetogenic cisplatin-based chemotherapy or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Patients were stratified by chemotherapy with cisplatin (yes/no) and then randomly assigned to receive either palonosetron (0.25 mg i.v.) in the first cycle followed by granisetron (3 mg i.v.) in the second cycle or vice versa. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with complete response 0-24 h post-chemotherapy administration. The proportions of patients with complete response 24-120 and 0-120 h following chemotherapy were also compared. Of the 144 patients randomized, 36 (25%) received 60-80 mg/m(2) cisplatin; 66 of 72 patients in the palonosetron to granisetron group and 56 of 72 patients in the granisetron to palonosetron group completed treatment with both antiemetics. The efficacy and safety analyses included 128 palonosetron treatments and 138 granisetron treatments. Palonosetron consistently produced numerically higher complete response rates than granisetron in the acute phase (0-24 h, 71.09 vs. 65.22%), the delayed phase (24-120 h, 60.16 vs. 55.80%), and overall (0-120 h, 53.13 vs. 50.00%) though the differences were not significant. Both palonosetron and granisetron were well tolerated. Palonosetron was well tolerated and effective in preventing acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in a Chinese population. When used as monotherapy, 0.25-mg palonosetron was not inferior to 3-mg granisetron for preventing vomiting following highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.
Medical Oncology 03/2011; 28(1):71-8. · 2.14 Impact Factor
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Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 10/2010; 13(10):985-91.
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ABSTRACT: To explore the relationship between the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and class III ß-tubulin and the clinical characteristics and overall survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the protein expression of ERCC1 and class III ß-tubulin in 160 completely resected NSCLC primary tumor samples, 50 of which were paired with adjacent normal tissue samples and another 40 benign lung lesion tissue samples as controls. Clinical data at baseline, disease-free survival and overall survival were also collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze the risk factors.
In 160 tumor samples, the ERCC1 and class III ß-tubulin positive rates obtained with immunohistochemistry were 46.9% and 49.4%, respectively. Both biomarkers had a higher positive rate in male patients. For patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, ERCC1 positivity was associated with longer survival (median survival time 73 vs 53 months, p=0.041), while in patients treated with platinum chemotherapy, ERCC1 positivity tended to be associated with poor survival (median survival time 41 vs 54 months, p=0.014). Class III ß-tubulin positivity was also associated with poor survival (median survival time 38 vs 58 months, p<0.001), but had no influence on the survival of patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy.
ERCC1 and class III ß-tubulin could be important survival predictors for completely resected NSCLC patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Further prospective studies need to be performed to test this hypothesis in Chinese patients.
The International journal of biological markers 09/2010; 25(3):141-9. · 1.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Serum tumor markers play important roles in diagnosis, response and prognosis monitoring for lung cancer. The clinical significance of serum level of tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) was investigated in diagnosis, response monitoring and prognosis in patients with lung cancer, compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), precursor of gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) and cytokeratin-19-fragments (CYFRA21-1).
Blood samples of eighty-two patients with lung cancer before treatment and some after chemotherapy were measured by ELISA for four tumor markers.
Compared with lung benign diseases group and health control group, the positive rates and levels of TPS, CEA and Pro-GRP in patients with lung cancer were higher, with statistically significant difference. TPS in extensive-small cell lung cancer was significant higher than that in limited-small cell lung cancer. The positive rates and levels of TPS, CEA and Pro-GRP in patients after treatment had significant decreases compared with before treatment. TPS was an independent prognostic factor of non-small cell lung cancer.
TPS is valuable to diagnosis, response monitoring for patients with lung cancer, moreover, it maybe a useful factor of prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 05/2010; 13(5):500-5.
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ABSTRACT: Promoter hypermethylation of the RASSF1A gene is among the most abundant epigenetic deregulations in human cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the methylation status of RASSF1A promoter and the prognoses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
The methylation status of RASSF1A promoter in 150 NSCLC and 25 non-malignant tissues was determined using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP).
RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation was detected in 38.7% (58/150) of NSCLC tissues, but in none of the non-malignant tissues. The patients with hypermethylation of RASSF1A had a poor survival rate, and the relationship between the survival rate and hypermethylation of RASSF1A was statistically significant (P = 0.004). Then by using stepwise Cox proportional hazard regression testing, methylation status of RASSF1A was an independent factor affecting the NSCLC patients' survival (RR = 1.584, 95% CI: 1.040-2.411, P = 0.032).
The hypermethylation of the RASSF1A promoter may be an independent prognostic factor of NSCLC after operation.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 04/2010; 13(4):311-6.
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ABSTRACT: Results of studies on genetic polymorphisms of ERCC1 gene in DNA repair pathway which may affect response to platinum-based chemotherapy and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer are conflicting. The aim of this study is to prospectively assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of C8092A and codon118 in ERCC1 and drug response in 90 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
All patients were treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Genotypes of ERCC1 C8092A and codon118 were examined by sequencing, and the association between genotypes and response was evaluated.
Genotype frequencies of ERCC1 C8092A were CC 40.0% (36/90), CA 48.9% (44/90) and AA 11.1% (10/90), frequencies of codon118 were CC 58.9% (53/90), CT 34.4% (31/90) and TT 6.7% (6/90). There was no significant difference in response rate of patients carrying with CC, compared with CA plus AA in C8092A (33.3% vs 29.6%, P = 0.71). Response rate of patients carrying with CC in ERCC1 118 was 32.1%, 24.3% with CT plus CC (P = 0.43). There was no difference in progression free survival between patients carrying with CC and CT plus TT in C8092A (5.2 months vs 5.4 months, P = 0.62). There was no difference in progression free survival between patients carrying with CC and CA plus AA (5.5 months vs 5.3 months, P = 0.59).
The results suggest that there is no association between polymorphisms in ERCC1 C8092A and codon118 and response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 04/2010; 13(4):337-41.
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Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 07/2009; 12(7):821-5.
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ABSTRACT: Topotecon is a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase I. It is an effective drug of small cell lung cancer. An oral formulation of topotecan is available and has just rectified to treat extensivedisease small cell lung cancer by FDA this year. The aim of this trial is to compare oral topotecan/intravenous cisplatin (TC) with intravenous etoposide/cisplatin (EP) in patients untreated small cell lung cancer.
Sixty-six patients were enrolled. Thirty patients were assigned to oral topotecan 1.4 mg*m(-2)*d(-1), from d1 to d5, with cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on d1. Thirty-six patients were assigned to etoposide 100 mg*m(-2)*d(-1), from d1 to d3, with cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on d1 every 21 days.
Response rate was similar between groups TC, 53.3% vs EP, 60.0%. Overall survival was little different TC, 14.58 month vs EP, 12.19 months. The regimens were similarly tolerable. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred more frequently with EP (42.8% vs 10.0% and 11.4% vs 3.3%, respectively), whereas grade 3/4 anaemia occurred more frequently with TC (10% vs 2.8%).
Oral topotecan/cisplatin provide similar efficacy and tolerability to the standard etoposide/cisplatin in patient untreated small cell lung cancer. It may provide more convenience method to intravenous treatment.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 02/2009; 12(2):176-8.
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Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 12/2008; 11(6):832-8.
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ABSTRACT: Diagnostic ratios and multivariate analysis were utilized to apportion polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sources for road runoff, road dust, rain and canopy throughfall based on samples collected in an urban area of Beijing, China. Three sampling sites representing vehicle lane, bicycle lane and branch road were selected. For road runoff and road dust, vehicular emission and coal combustion were identified as major sources, and the source contributions varied among the sampling sites. For rain, three principal components were apportioned representing coal/oil combustion (54%), vehicular emission (34%) and coking (12%). For canopy throughfall, vehicular emission (56%), coal combustion (30%) and oil combustion (14%) were identified as major sources. Overall, the PAH's source for road runoff mainly reflected that for road dust. Despite site-specific sources, the findings at the study area provided a general picture of PAHs sources for the road runoff system in urban area of Beijing.
Environmental Pollution 07/2008; 153(3):594-601. · 3.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Total suspended particle samples and gas phase samples were collected at three representative sampling sites in the southeastern suburb of Beijing from March 2005 to January 2006. The samples were analyzed for 16 US EPA priority PAHs using GC/MS. Concentrations of Sigma PAHs in particle and gas phases were 0.21-1.18 x 10(3) ng m(-3) and 9.5 x 10(2) ng-1.03 x 10(5) ng m(-3), respectively. PAH concentrations displayed seasonal variation in the order of winter>spring>autumn>summer for particle phase, and winter>autumn>summer>spring for gas phase. Partial correlation analysis indicates that PAH concentrations in particle phase are negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with air pollution index of SO(2). No significant correlation is observed between gas phase PAHs and the auxiliary parameters. Sources of PAH are identified through principal component analysis, and source contributions are estimated through multiple linear regression. Major sources of atmospheric PAHs in the study area include coal combustion, coke industry, vehicular emission and natural gas combustion.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 05/2008; 151(1-4):197-207. · 1.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Docetaxel is an active agent in the second-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many clinical trials have demonstrated that it has similar efficacy to common first-line regimens for NSCLC. A randomized study was conducted to compare docetaxel plus cisplatin (DC) versus paclitaxel plus cisplatin (PC) for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer as the first-line regimen.
Ninety patients with previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly assigned to receive either DC or PC. Patients received docetaxel 75mg/m(2) on day 1 and cisplatin 75mg/m(2) divided into two doses on days 2 to 3 in DC group and paclitaxel 150mg/m(2) on day 1 and cisplatin 75mg/m(2) divided into two doses on days 2 to 3 in PC group. The cycle of two regimens was repeated every 3 weeks. Response and toxicity were evaluated in patients who completed two cycles of chemotherapy at least.
Overall survival rate was 31.1% in DC group and 33.3 % in PC group. The median survival time was 10.2 months in DC group and 10.4 months in PC group. Median time to tumor progression was 4.4 months in DC group and 4.9 months in PC group. 1- and 2-year survival rate were 35.6% and 8.9% in DC group and 37.8% and 11.1% in PC group respectively. There were no significant differences in response rate, median survival time, median time to tumor progression and survival rate between two groups (P >0.05). Leucopenia, anemia, nausea and vomiting, and alopecia were the most common grade III and IV toxicities in DC and PC groups, there were no significant differences in grade III and IV toxicities between two groups(P >0.05). There were no treatment-related deaths in both groups.
DC has similar response rate and survivals with PC, and its toxicity is well-tolerated. Docetaxel plus cisplatin is an effective first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 02/2008; 11(1):110-4.
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ABSTRACT: This paper reports an initial study regarding our quantitative understanding of the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination and loading estimation from road runoff in Beijing (China). The concentrations of 16 PAHs were measured in road runoff and rainwater in a composite commercial and residential catchment of Beijing in 2006. In road runoff samples, geometric mean concentrations of Sigma16 PAHs (the sum of 16 PAH concentrations) in the dissolved and particle phases were 548.2 and 3,872.2 ng/L, respectively, and in rainwater samples, the concentrations in the dissolved and particle phases were 172.9 and 274.6 ng/L, respectively. An analysis on spatial variation among the sampling sites showed that PAH concentrations at the branch road (with low traffic volume) were higher than those at the trunk road (with high traffic volume) and that PAH contamination at the bicycle lane was comparable to that at the vehicle lane. Dimensionless cumulative analyses indicated that first flush effect did not occur in all cases, but rather depended on storm event characteristics. According to the annual unit loading rate and the planned road area, the relative magnitude of PAH loading in road runoff was in the following order: Vehicle lane of trunk road > branch road > bicycle lane of trunk road.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 01/2008; 27(1):31-7. · 2.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Topotecan is one of active agents for relapsed small cell lung can-cer (SCLC), some studies have shown that it is effective against SCLC as the first-line drug. This study is to assess the efficacy, toxicity and survival rate of topotecan plus cisplatin (TP) versus etoposide plus carboplatin (CE) in patients with previously untreated SCLC.
Sixty-four patients with previously untreated SCLC were randomly assigned to receive either TP or CE. Topotecan 0.75 mg/(m²×d) via a 30-min intravenous infusion on days 1 to 5 and cisplatin 25 mg/(m²×d) on days 1 to 3 with hydration were given to patients in TP group. Carboplatin 300 mg/m² on day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/d on days 1 to 5 were given to patients in CE group. Treatment was repeated every 21 days. Responses and toxicities were evaluated in patients who received two cycles of chemotherapy. Patients with limited disease SCLC received thoracic irradiation or operation after the completion of chemotherapy.
Overall response rate was 75.0% in TP group and 68.8% in CE group. The median survival time was 10.5 months in TP group and 9.6 months in CE group. 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rate were 40.6%, 18.8% and 9.4% in TP group and 34.4%, 15.6% and 9.4% in CE group respectively. There were no significant differences in response rate, median survival time and survival rate between two groups (P > 0.05). Myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, and alopecia were the most common toxicities, there was no significant difference in grade III and IV toxicities between two groups (P > 0.05).
TP has similar response rate and survivals with CE, and its toxicities are acceptable. TP regimen is an effective first-line treatment for SCLC.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 04/2007; 10(2):144-7.
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ABSTRACT: Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) plays an important role in oxidation of nicotine and in activation of tobacco-related carcinogens. It has been suggested that individuals with defective CYP2A6 allele are at a lower risk of developing lung cancer. This study is to investigate the frequency of CYP2A6 gene deletion and the relationship of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism with lung cancer risk in Chinese.
A case-control study which detected CYP2A6 genotype of 180 patients with lung cancer and 224 controls by PCR-based genotype assay was conducted.
No relationship was found between the frequency of CYP2A6 gene deletion and lung cancer risk. There was only one case of CYP2A6 del/del genotype in the controls. The frequency of CYP2A6 del allele was 13.8% in the controls, and 12.8% in lung cancer cases. The CYP2A6 del/del genotype was not found in lung cancer cases.
There is no difference in frequency of CYP2A6 gene deletion between lung cancer cases and controls.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 08/2005; 8(4):297-9.
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ABSTRACT: Cisplatin has remarkable anti-tumor effects against various malignancies. Of its severe adverse reactions, nausea and vomiting are considered to be dose-limiting factors in cisplatin therapy. The anti-emetic properties of 5-HT₃ receptor antiagonists, such as ramosetron, can reduce nausea/vomiting. In order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ramosetron injection against nausea and vomiting in treatment of cisplatin, a randomized control study was performed to compare the efficacy of anti-nausea and vomiting between ramosetron and ondansetron.
A randomized parallel control trial was carried out. One hundred patients were randomized divided into 2 groups: ramosetron group (n=50) and ondansetron group (n=50). Ramosetron was given intravenously 30 minutes before chemotherapy in a dose of 0.3mg. Ondansetron was given intravenously 15 minutes before chemotherapy and after chemotherapy in a dose of 8mg .
The effective rate of nausea by ramosetron was 82%, 72% and 84% for the first three days. The effective rate of nausea by ondansetron in a 3-day period was 84%, 70% and 76% for the first three days. Ramosetron and ondansetron were equally effective in the control of nausea induced by cisplatin. The control rate of vomiting by ramosetron was 88%, 86% and 90% for the first three days. The control rate of vomiting by ondansetron was 80%, 76% and 86% for the first three days. Ramosetron was more effective than ondansetron in controlling vomiting, but without statistical difference between the two groups. The side effects of ramosetron and ondansetron were similar.
Ramosetron can effectively prevent the nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin chemotherapy. The efficacy of ramosetron in controlling nausea and vomiting is better than that of ondansetron.
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 08/2005; 8(4):322-5.
