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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Pre-training evaluation and feedback have been shown to improve medical students' skills acquisition of basic life support (BLS) immediately following training. The impact of such training on BLS skills retention is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate effects of pre-training evaluation and feedback on BLS skills retention in medical students. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty 3(rd)year medical students were randomized to two groups, the control group (C group) and pre-training evaluation and feedback group (EF group). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups according to the time of retention-test (at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-month following the initial training). After a 45-minute BLS lecture, BLS skills were assessed (pre-training evaluation) in both groups before training. Following this, the C group received 45minutes training. Fifteen minutes of group feedback corresponding to studentś performance in pre-training evaluation was given only in the EF group that was followed by 30minutes of BLS training. BLS skills were assessed immediately after training (post-test) and at follow up (retention-test). RESULTS: No skills difference was observed between the two groups in pre-training evaluation. Better skills acquisition was observed in the EF group (85.3±7.3 vs. 68.1±12.2 in C group) at post-test (p<0.001). In all retention-test, better skills retention was observed in each EF subgroup, compared with its paired C subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-training evaluation and feedback improved skills retention in the EF group for 12 months after the initial training, compared with the control group.
Resuscitation 05/2013; · 3.60 Impact Factor
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Pediatric Anesthesia 06/2012; 22(6):598-600. · 2.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare the efficiency and accuracy of electroencephalographic nonlinear index (ENI) and bispectral index (BIS) in monitoring depth of anesthesia during general anesthesia.
Thirty patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were recruited. The ability of ENI and BIS to distinguish between the anesthetic states (awake, loss of eyelash reflex, loss of response, steady anesthesia, first reaction and extubation) was analyzed with prediction probability (Pk). Correlation between ENI and BIS was tested by nonparametric Spearman rank correlation analysis, with data paired from awake through to extubation. The clinical performances of ENI and BIS were evaluated with success rate, responsiveness, and recovery time.
ENI and BIS were better than mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) for distinguishing between the states of anesthesia. ENI correlated strongly with BIS from the stage of awake through to extubation (r = 0.93). No differences were found between ENI and BIS in success rate and responsiveness; but the recovery time was shorter with ENI than with BIS.
ENI and BIS provide similar information reflecting the states of anesthesia, which allows accurate distinguishment between different states of anesthesia. The clinical performance of ENI is better than that of BIS.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 01/2010; 41(1):140-4.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the cardioprotective effects of cariporide as an adjunct in different cardioplegic solutions.
The hearts of 32 young New Zealand rabbits were isolated, hung on the Langendorff perfusion apparatus, arrested with 4 degrees C cardioplegic solutions to cause cardiac ischemia for 120 min, reperfused with 37 degrees C Krebs-Henseleit solution, and randomly divided into 4 equal groups: St. Thomas cardioplegic solution group (perfused with St. Thomas cardioplegic solution every 30 min), histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegic solution group (perfused with HTK solution, St. Thomas solution + cariporide (St + C) group (perfused with St. Thomas cardioplegic solution plus cariporide), and HTK solution plus cariporide (HTK + C) group (perfused with HTK cardioplegic solution plus cariporide). Multichannel physiological record instrument was used to record the left ventricular functions: left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP), maximum change rate of left ventricular systolic pressure rise and fall (+dp/dt(max)), maximum change rate of left ventricular diastolic pressure rise and fall (-dp/dt(max)), and coronary flow (CF). Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure the creatine kinase (CK)-MB, Then the level of ATP in the cardiac muscle cells was detected by high pressure liquid chromatography, the content of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was detect by sulfur barbituric acid method. The calcium content (iCa) was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. And the myocardial water content (WC) was measured too.
The LVDP, +dp/dt(max), -dp/dt(max), CF recovery rate, and ATP content of the HTK group were all significantly higher than those of the St. Thomas group (all P < 0.05), and the CK-MB, MDA, WC, and iCa of the HTK group were all significantly lower than those of the St. Thomas group (all P < 0.05). The ATP level of the HTK + C group was significantly higher than those of the HTK and St + C groups (both P < 0.05), and the CK-MB, WC, MDA, and iCa of the HTK + C group were all lower than those of the HTK and St + C groups (all P < 0.05). The MDA level of the St + C group was significantly higher than that of the HTK group, and the ATP of the St + C group was significantly lower than that of the HTK group (both P < 0.05), however, there was no significant differences in CK-MB, WC, and iCa between these 2 groups (all P > 0.05).
Cariporide enhances the cardioprotective effects of the St. Thomas and HTK cardioplegic solutions in immature myocardium.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 09/2007; 87(33):2320-3.
