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ABSTRACT: Ptaquiloside (Pta) concentration was determined in 40 non-bracken fern samples collected mostly from the northern mountaineous State of Uttaranchal (Ut), India. Of these, only Onychium contiguum contained high levels; 499 and 595 mg/kg of Pta on dry matter basis in the two samples collected. A few samples of Diplazium esculentum, Polystichum squarrosum and Dryopteris juxtaposita showed moderate levels (19 to 31 mg/kg), but most samples had no detectable Pta present. Other ferns species such as Cheilanthes farinosa and Chris-tella dentata contained nil to a very low level of Pta (0.4 mg/kg), while Adiantum incisum and Pteris stano-phylla had no detectable Pta present. Samples of O. contiguum were collected from high-altitude areas of the Himalayas (District Chamoli and Uttarkashi), where enzootic bovine haematuria is not uncommon. This fern was reported in trials with guinea pigs to in-duce ileac, urinary bladder and mammary tumours on prolonged feeding, although in experimental rats it failed to induce any mortality and malignancy. The present study indicates that a few non-bracken fern species can contain high levels of the fern toxin, Pta, which may induce hazardous effects for animals and men, either alone or in combination with bracken fern. Keywords: Bracken and non-bracken fern, enzootic bovine haematuria, ptaquiloside, O. contiguum.
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First edited by R Somvanshi and K. Dhama, 03/2013; JP Publisher, New Delhi, India.
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ABSTRACT: A preliminary therapeutic vaccine trial was conducted in hill cows to evaluate the therapeutic potential of binary ethylenimine (BEI) inactivated and saponized bovine papillomavirus-2 (BPV-2) for enzootic bovine haematuria (EBH). Although the vaccine failed to show favorable clinical vaccine results in treatment of EBH affected cows at 120 days post-vaccination but immunopathological responses were encouraging. A significant difference was observed in humoral (against Brucella abortus strain 19S) and cell-mediated (in vivo phytohaemagglutination delayed type hypersensitivity (PHA DTH) test and CD4+/CD8+ T-cells ratio by FACS analysis) immune responses following vaccination. The vaccinated animals grossly failed to show regression of bladder tumours but microscopically engorgement and marked perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells was observed which are indicative of the induction of initial stages of tumour regression. Overall results indicated that the therapeutic vaccine developed can have potentials for treating EBH in cows, for which further modifications in vaccine dose and field trial is required.
Vaccine 07/2011; 29(43):7296-302. · 3.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted with the objectives of detecting bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) in urine samples and urinary bladder lesions in bovines using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR-based molecular diagnostic tests, and quantifying BPV-2 in urinary bladder lesions especially in enzootic bovine haematuria (EBH)-affected animals. BPV-2 viral DNA was detected in urine samples (50%) and urinary bladder tissue (68.6%). Cloning and sequencing results showed a close homology with other Indian BPV-2 sequences. Quantitative real-time PCR (SYBR Green assay) showed that the BPV-2 load was low and similar irrespective of inflammatory or neoplastic lesions in the bladder. It was concluded that BPV-2 DNA is frequently present in urine and urinary bladder lesions in cows in an EBH endemic region and virus load was low in urinary bladder lesions.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 07/2011; 59(1):79-84. · 1.81 Impact Factor
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R Somvanshi
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ABSTRACT: Scant information is available on papillomatosis in buffaloes, and it is an almost unknown disease. It has been described from India, Italy and Turkey. Buffalo papillomatosis occurs in cutaneous and mucosal forms. Cutaneous papillomatosis is manifested as cutaneous wart (CW) and teat papilloma types. The condition is known to be caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPV)-1 and 2 and their mixed infections. Buffalo CWs are experimentally transmissible to hamsters, cattle as well as buffaloes. Once BPV establishes infection in buffaloes, infection spreads from buffalo to buffalo, without cattle intermediary. Histologically, CWs are mostly diagnosed as fibropapillomas. The mucosal form occurs as urinary bladder tumours similar to enzootic bovine haematuria which is also associated with bracken fern infested areas. BPVs are yet to be demonstrated in teat papillomas and urinary bladder tumours of buffalo cases. Papillomatosis in buffaloes is a little-known disease, but it is a separate infectious ailment of buffaloes and deserves more attention by researchers.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 03/2011; 58(4):327-32. · 1.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This experiment assessed the effect of feeding genetically modified cottonseed (Bt) containing an insect controlling protein (Cry1Ac) on haematology, blood biochemistry and histopathology of lambs. Haemato-biochemicals were estimated at periodic intervals, and histopathology at termination of experiment. Thirty three weaner lambs were fed a composite feed mixture (CFM) ad libitum individually, in three groups for 123 days. The isonitrogenous CFM had roughage (Perl Millet Stover) and concentrate ratio of 350:650. Diet fed to control lambs contained groundnut oil meal as protein source while other two groups received diet containing either whole cottonseed (N-Bt) or Bt-cottonseed (Bt-CS). Daily feed intake and average daily gain were similar among lambs of three groups. Lambs fed N-Bt diet had higher (p < 0.05) serum protein and globulin compared to control and Bt diets, while albumin content was higher (p = 0.018) in Bt diet fed lambs. Serum urea and creatinin content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activities were not different among lamb groups, while urea and creatinin content and ALP activities increased linearly (p < 0.001) with increased feeding period. Blood haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hc), white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) ranged from 11.1% to 11.2%, 31.8% to 32.8%, 7.0 to 8.3 (× 10(3) /μl), 19.1 to 22.5 fl and 33.2% to 35.5%, respectively, were similar among lamb groups. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p = 0.008) and red blood cell counts (p = 0.006) were higher in Bt diet fed lambs. Control and N-Bt diet fed lambs had mild fatty infiltration in liver and/or micro-calculi in renal cortex, and such lesions were not seen in Bt diet fed lambs. Growth, haemato-biochemical and histopathology did not change by Bt-CS feeding in growing lamb. However, before recommending the use of Bt-CS in routine feed formulations prolonged feeding experiments of Bt-cotton seed require.
J Anim Physiol a Anim Nutr 11/2010; 95(5):545-55. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: With the emergence of a new reassortant influenza A H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 pandemic it was felt necessary that pigs should be closely monitored for early detection of any influenza virus infection. Therefore, we investigated disease outbreaks with clinical history suggestive for swine influenza reported to our laboratory by owners of affected pig farms in Uttar Pradesh.
Detection of swine influenza A virus (SIV) was attempted by isolation in embryonated chicken eggs. Presence of virus was detected by haemagglutination (HA) test and RT-PCR for amplification of different gene segments, cloning and sequencing. BLAST analysis of sequence data, phylogenetic analysis and mutation analysis based on HA, NA and matrix genes was done.
SIV could be isolated from one farm and all eight gene segments amplified by RT-PCR. BLAST analysis of partial nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis using nucleotide sequence of HA (601 nt), NA (671 nt) and M (1031 nt) genes indicated close genetic relationship of the Indian swine isolate (A/Sw/UP-India-IVRI01/2009) with human pandemic 2009 (H1N1). The HA gene showed close relationship with the viruses of "North American Swine" lineage, whereas the NA and M genes clustered with the viruses of "Eurasian Swine" lineage, indicating a novel HA-NA reassortant. The remaining of 5 genes (NP, PA, PB1, PB2 and NS) belonged to "North American Swine" lineage.
This is perhaps the first report describing swine influenza among Indian pigs caused by an influenza A H1N1 virus sharing close homology with the human pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Further reassortment with circulating influenza viruses must be closely monitored.
The Indian journal of medical research 08/2010; 132:160-7. · 1.84 Impact Factor
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National Seminar on Advances in Animal Cancer Research in India: Diagnosis, Treatment And Clinical Management, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India; 06/2010
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ABSTRACT: Bovine cutaneous warts (CWs) were investigated in Northern India. Of 49 cases, 44 were recorded in cattle and 5 in buffaloes. These animals had mild to moderate grade infections. Grossly, cases of CWs appeared to be of exophytic type, however, different types of growth patterns were observed. A total of 26 biopsies (cattle 21 and buffaloes 5) from CWs-affected animals studied histopathologically were diagnosed as exophytic and cauliflower-like fibropapilloma 13, exophytic and dome-shaped fibropapilloma 5, occult and/or fibroblastic type papilloma 3, cauliflower-like papilloma 3, endophytic fibropapilloma 1 and fibroma 1. On PCR analysis, 11 CWs and 2 normal skin samples showed BPV-1, -2 mixed infections. A rapid, sensitive and reliable real-time SYBR Green PCR test to detect BPV-1, BPV-2 and to quantify BPV-1 was developed. Results of amplification and dissociation plot of real-time PCR revealed that six samples were BPV-1 positive, eight were BPV-2 positive and six were positive for both BPV-1 and -2. CWs samples from different dairy farms testing positive for BPV-1 by PCR assay were also positive using Quantitative real-time SYBR Green PCR assay. For the first time, mixed infection of BPV-1 and -2 was detected in India and BPV-1 load was quantified by real-time SYBR Green PCR assay.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 06/2010; 57(3):185-96. · 1.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Bovine papillomavirus was detected by electron microscopy in cutaneous warts, which was diagnosed histopathologically as fibropapilloma. Typing of the virus was done as BPV-1 and BPV-2 by PCR, which was further confirmed by cloning and nucleotide sequencing. This is the first report on identification of BPV-1 and BPV-2 from cutaneous warts in cow and buffalo calves in India.
Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology. 01/2008; 32.
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Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology. 01/2008; 32(1):158-167.
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, we report the detection of BPV-2 DNA by PCR analysis in fresh (Transitional cell adenocarcinoma) and formalin fixed (papilloma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) urinary bladder tumours in cases of Enzootic Bovine Haematuria, an incurable chronic disease of Himalayan region which is of economic importance. The specificity of the amplicons was confirmed by sequence analysis of amplified product.
Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases. 01/2006; 27.
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ABSTRACT: Proliferative urocystica and adenoma occurred in the urothelium of one clinically normal guinea-pig in a group of nine fed with a diet containing shade-dried Christella dentata (Forssk) fern. It was concluded that the lesions were due to prolonged feeding (285 days) of the fern.
Journal of Comparative Pathology 12/2005; 133(4):277-80. · 1.65 Impact Factor
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National Symposium on Exotic & Emerging Diseases of Poultry, Indian Veterinary Research India, India; 03/2005
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ABSTRACT: In the present study characterisation has been done for six group I fowl adenoviruses (FAV) isolated from outbreaks of infectious hydropericardium (IHP) of chickens that occurred in different states/regions of India during the years 1994-98. These six viruses were identified as FAV serotype 4 by virus neutralisation and restriction endonuclease analyses. Antigenic analyses of the viruses revealed close relationship (R-values 0.93-0.96). Under the experimental conditions, we have been able to induce IHP using FAV serotype 4 isolate AD: 411 and were also able detect FAV antigens in myocardial tissues by immunofluorescence assay (a new observation), an indication that IHP causing FAV serotype 4 strain replicate in myocardial tissue. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral genomes (approximately 46 Kb), using Hind III, Sma I, Xba I, Bam HI, Pst I and Dra I produced identical genetic profiles. Pst I and Bam HI profiles for these six vitus isolates were identical to those published earlier for an IHP causing Pakistani FAV serotype 4 isolate KR31. The identical genetic profiles of viruses, chronology of the outbreaks of IHP in Pakistan during 1989 onward and later in Jammu and Kashmir, India (1994), suggest that FAV serotype 4 isolates involved in outbreaks of IHP in India had probably spread from Pakistan. In order to prevent further spread and economic losses due to IHP in India, based on the antigenic relatedness data in this paper, any one of the six studied FAV serotype 4 isolates can be used as a candidate for mass production of CEH culture based killed vaccine.
Indian journal of experimental biology 05/2003; 41(4):321-7. · 1.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Polystichum squarrosum fern fed (30% w/w) rats showed moderate mortality, decrease in body weight, less body fat and splenomegaly. On post-mortem examination, significant gross lesions were not seen in sacrificed animals. Histopathologically, Polystichum fed rats showed dilated Virchow Robin's space in brain, mild to moderate vascular changes likeoedema, engorgement of blood vessels and haemorrhages in most of the visceral organs, interstitial pneumonia in lungs, focal necrosis and generalised vacuolative degenerative changes in liver, more haemosiderin deposition and presence of higher number of megakaryocytes in spleen, shrunken glomeruli, more peri-glomerular space and more number of glomeruli per microscopic field in kidneys, focal hyperplasia of urinary bladder and moderate to marked depletion of germinal epithelium and spermatids in seminiferous tubules of testes. Pathologically, progressive changes were observed only in liver, urinary bladder and testes on 180 days post feeding (DPF). One fern fed rat sacrificed on 135 DPF showed hepatic tumour which was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. The results showed that P. squarrosum produced almost comparable pathological changes/preneoplastic lesions as reported in bracken fern fed animals. Long term exposure studies (i.e. 2 yrs) are desired.
Indian journal of experimental biology 09/2001; 39(8):772-6. · 1.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Onychium contiguum (Family Cryptogrammaceae) is a common terrestrial fern in the Himalayas and in many other parts of the world. It is also present on the pastures in areas where grazing animals suffer from bovine urinary bladder cancer. This fern is occasionally grazed by animals and in some areas it is present as a contaminant in grasses stored for winter feeding. Certain species of the genus Onychium are used in folk medicine. Long-term exposure of experimental animals to O. contiguum appeared to cause tumours of the ileum. urinary bladder and mammary glands.
Veterinary Research Communications 08/2001; 25(5):413-20. · 0.82 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Onychium contiguum (Family Cryptogrammaceae) is a common terrestrial fern in the Himalayas and in many other parts of the world. It is also present on the pastures in areas where grazing animals suffer from bovine urinary bladder cancer. This fern is occasionally grazed by animals and in some areas it is present as a contaminant in grasses stored for winter feeding. Certain species of the genus Onychium are used in folk medicine. Long-term exposure of experimental animals to O. contiguum appeared to cause tumours of the ileum, urinary bladder and mammary glands.
Veterinary Research Communications 01/2001; 25(5):413-420. · 0.82 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cysticercus fasciolaris, the larval form of Taenia taeniaformis is commonly encountered in rodents most often in mice and rats through contaminated feed and bedding materials. The infection is asymptomatic and is considered harmless, but its presence in the laboratory mice/rats could lead to misinterpretation of results for biological experiments. The course of infection and pathogenesis of induced C. fasciolaris was studied in Swiss albino mice. The number of established cysts were not significantly different during the course of infection. The mean diameter of the cysts and the metacestode were significantly different during the course of infection reaching a maximum size of 8.1 +/- 2.2 mm and 80.4 +/- 20.2 mm, respectively on 45 DPI. Histopathologically, on 15 DPI, the duodenum of the affected mice revealed cross sections of early larval stage of C. fasciolaris. On 30 and 45 DPI, the liver showed tract of migration of C. fasciolaris larvae with a thick zone of inflammatory reaction and encapsulation against mature larvae in liver. The routine spontaneous Cystucercus infection is clinically asymptomatic in these animals and is considered harmless. The present experimental infection also followed the same course resulting only in asymptomatic colonisation of the parasites.
Indian journal of experimental biology 06/1998; 36(5):523-5. · 1.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This paper outlines the complexities and problems of animal husbandry in the Himalayas of India. In particular, the climatic influences of temperature, rainfall and humidity are emphasised. A wide range of possible improvements to decrease livestock malnutrition and mortality are proposed.
The Environmentalist 08/1994; 14(3):201-205.
