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ABSTRACT: To assess the high-frequency sonographic characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.
In a retrospective review, we identified 18 patients with biopsy-proven pure ductal carcinoma in situ who had received mammographic and high-frequency sonographic examinations at transducer frequencies of 8-15 MHz, 8-5 MHz and 5 to 13 MHz [corrected].
All 18 patients had mammographically identified calcifications. Four (22%) of the 18 had either asymmetric focal mammographically identified densities or masses with the calcifications. These calcifications were identified sonographically in 17 (94%) of the 18 patients. In 9 (50%) of 18 patients, the calcifications were associated with sonographically detected malignant masses, and in 3 (17%) of 18 patients the calcifications were within focally dilated ducts. Lesions that had masses or dilated ducts visible on sonography represented 9 (82%) of 11 of the grade 3 neoplasms and only 2 (28%) of 7 of the grade 1 and 2 tumors. This difference was statistically significant (P < .039). CONDUSIONS: Our study showed that ductal carcinoma in situ may appear on sonography as calcifications, masses, or focally dilated ducts. Those lesions that were associated with masses or dilated ducts on sonography were more likely high-grade histologic specimens.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 05/2001; 20(5):501-8. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 07/1997; 16(6):433-5. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We compared ultrasonographic stress test evaluation to clinical examination of ulnar collateral ligament injuries to the thumb. The results of the sonographic and clinical examinations were compared to either operative findings or clinical follow-up results if conservative treatment was elected. Of 25 patients, the clinical grade injury was identified correctly in 25 with ultrasonography compared to 24 with clinical examination. Of the grade III tears, ultrasonography missed two patients with Stener tears and physical examination misidentified or missed four patients with Stener tears. These results confirm the experience of others that ultrasonography is a useful method to evaluate injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 04/1997; 16(3):201-7. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: One cause of shoulder pain is suprascapular nerve entrapment resulting from compression by a ganglion cyst. We discuss the sonographic diagnosis and treatment of these ganglion cysts and the use of sonographically guided aspiration of these cysts. Previous authors have described CT or MR imaging diagnosis and CT guided aspiration of ganglion cysts. Sonographically guided aspiration appears to be an equally effective but less expensive method to treat these cysts.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 10/1994; 13(9):671-4. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The puborectalis muscle is a major determinant in the control of fecal continence. With endorectal sonography puborectalis function was assessed by determining puborectalis length in the resting (D1) and contracted (D2) states and calculating the percentage of shortening (D1-D2/D1)(100). The puborectalis length was defined as the shortest distance between the symphysis pubis and the rectal mucosa. The mean puborectalis length at rest did not differ in control subjects (29.5 +/- 1.0 mm) and incontinent patients (29.0 +/- 2.9 mm). With voluntary contraction a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was seen in the percentage of shortening between control subjects (15.4 +/- 1.1%) and incontinent patients (4.7 +/- 2.8%). Endorectal ultrasonography is a useful method to diagnose fecal incontinence.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 08/1993; 12(7):375-8. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Evaluation of amniotic fluid volume is an important aspect of obstetrical ultrasound. Several methods are currently used to describe amniotic fluid volumes. The most common are the subjective assessment of fluid and the semiquantitative methods. The reproducibility of these methods is excellent in experienced hands. Because of the multiple methods used to assess fluid, both oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios have numerous definitions. Regardless of which definition is used, it is clear that both of these entities are associated with a variety of fetal and maternal conditions. Abnormal amniotic fluid volume may be the only or earliest sonographic sign of an obstetrical problem. Therefore, it is important that sonologists are familiar with amniotic fluid volume assessment. Although subjective and semiquantitative techniques may produce similar results, a numerical scale is no substitute for experience and training. One should be able to recognize lesser degrees of fluid abnormality and be able to assess the trend of amniotic fluid volume in serial examinations.
Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI 03/1993; 14(1):40-55. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 02/1992; 11(1):45-7. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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Diagnostic imaging 12/1991; 13(11):111-3, 215.
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ABSTRACT: Prior to development of better resolution duplex Doppler systems, blood flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery were obtained in a "blind" manner, ie, the vessels were not imaged. We performed duplex transcranial Doppler examinations on 13 healthy volunteers and obtained peak velocities as well as resistive indices on all three arteries. The vessels were identified by their anatomic locations with respect to the brainstem and by the echogenic pulsating structures. This duplex transcranial Doppler examination holds promise for improving reproducibility and for detecting pathologic vascular states.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 08/1991; 10(7):349-53. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Sonographic measurement of the occipital, parietal, and frontal cerebral cortical mantle in ten neonates and ten fetuses with moderate to marked hydrocephalus was performed. In 11 of 14 (78.5 per cent) of the neonatal scans and in 10 of 12 (83 per cent) of the fetal scans, the occipital cortical mantle was less than that of the frontal cortical mantle. This difference varied from 1 to 16 mm. While prognostic data regarding compression of the cerebral mantle from ventricular dilatation exist, they are based upon measurements of the frontal-parietal and not the occipital mantle. Because of the difference observed, if these data are to be used in management, the comparable cerebral cortical mantle should be measured.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 06/1986; 5(5):251-5. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The sonograms from 15 patients who underwent 40 intrauterine transfusions at the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, between December 1981 and December 1984 were retrospectively reviewed. The authors found that 12 to 14 ml of fluid were easily seen in 18- to 20-menstrual-week fetuses and that 30 to 40 ml were seen in fetuses at greater than or equal to 30 menstrual weeks. Since the study was retrospective, the absolute minimum of detectable fetal intraperitoneal fluid was not recorded for each fetus. The above represent amounts that were consistently documented during each intrauterine transfusion. In order to gain information about the minimum detectable fetal intraperitoneal fluid, two fetuses undergoing intraperitoneal transfusions were studied prospectively. The minimum fetal intraperitoneal fluid volumes observed were 10 ml in a 22-week fetus and 15 ml in a 26-week fetus.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 05/1986; 5(4):203-4. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Serial ultrasound (US) examinations of six cases of fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney were reviewed. In all cases the diagnosis was confirmed by pathologic or neonatal radiologic examination. The in utero appearance on US scans of multicystic dysplastic kidneys sometimes changed dramatically. Furthermore, all of the multicystic dysplastic kidneys changed in size: four enlarged, one shrank, and one initially enlarged and later shrank. Radiologic and laboratory data suggest that multicystic dysplastic kidneys may have the capacity for glomerular filtration. The change in size and appearance of fetal multicystic dysplastic kidneys may result from this residual renal function.
Radiology 05/1986; 159(1):107-9. · 5.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A sonolucent band associated with the fetal abdominal wall is frequently observed in the normal obstetrical ultrasound examination. This band has been labeled pseudoascites because it may closely mimic intraperitoneal fluid. Fifty-three consecutive fetuses were examined sonographically; pseudoascites was evident in 45 fetuses. Sonographic anatomic observations identify pseudoascites as the fetal abdominal wall musculature. The anatomic description of pseudoascites, as well as the difference between pseudoascites and fetal intraperitoneal fluid, are discussed.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 04/1986; 5(3):151-2. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The in utero sonographic diagnoses of 13 clubbed feet in eight fetuses are reported, and five representative cases are described in detail. The sonographic findings and clinical features of fetal clubfoot are discussed. The prenatal sonographic detection of clubfoot should alert the sonographer to search for other congenital anomalies associated with syndromes involving clubfoot.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 03/1986; 5(2):81-3. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital anomalies in the United States, with an estimated prevalence of 16 per 10,000 births. The measurement of amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AF-AFP) concentration has been used to detect NTDs since the early 1970s. When the AF-AFP concentration is elevated, ultrasonography is commonly used to confirm the presence of a NTD. In this study, patient charts, amniocentesis records, and ultrasound reports from a three-year period were reviewed. The 97 fetuses identified as being at high risk for NTDs were divided into four groups: those with high AF-AFP concentrations (Groups 1 and 2, with from 3 to 5 standard deviations (SD) above the mean and with more than 5 SD above the mean, respectively): those referred from other institutions because of suspicious sonographic results (Group 3); and those at risk because of a previous sibling with a NTD (Group 4). Ultrasonography was 100 per cent sensitive and 100 per cent specific in diagnosing NTDs. Thus, in pregnancies with an elevated AF-AFP concentration, ultrasonography can reliably identify normal fetuses as well as differentiate between those with NTDs and those with other congenital anomalies. Also, since AF-AFP concentrations decline after 20 weeks' gestation, ultrasonography may be a better test than a repeat amniocentesis in equivocal cases of AF-AFP elevation.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 07/1985; 4(6):307-10. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To successfully examine the musculoskeletal system sonographically, one must understand the normal musculoskeletal anatomy and function and be aware of the abnormal processes that affect the musculoskeletal structures. The goal of this review article is to provide a systematic approach to sonographic examination of the musculoskeletal system. The general sonographic appearances of normal and abnormal muscles, tendons, ligaments, bursae, and nerves are reviewed. The article then applies this general information to specific clinical applications by reviewing the normal anatomy of and specific pathologic conditions that affect the shoulder, elbow, hand, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and foot.
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 27(6):293-318. · 0.81 Impact Factor
