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D. Abbaneo,
G. Abbiendi,
M. Abbrescia,
S. Abdullin,
A. Abdulsalam,
B.S. Acharya,
D. Acosta,
J.G. Acosta,
A. Adair,
W. Adam, [......],
M.H. Zoeller,
O. Zorba,
P. Zotto,
W. Zou,
G. Zumerle,
M. Zupan,
A. Zuranski,
R. Zuyeuski,
M. Zvada,
P. Zych
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Higgs boson was postulated nearly five decades ago within the framework of the standard model of particle physics and
has been the subject of numerous searches at accelerators around the world. Its discovery would verify the existence of a
complex scalar field thought to give mass to three of the carriers of the electroweak force—the W+, W–, and Z0 bosons—as well as to the fundamental quarks and leptons. The CMS Collaboration has observed, with a statistical significance
of five standard deviations, a new particle produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The
evidence is strongest in the diphoton and four-lepton (electrons and/or muons) final states, which provide the best mass resolution
in the CMS detector. The probability of the observed signal being due to a random fluctuation of the background is about 1
in 3 × 106. The new particle is a boson with spin not equal to 1 and has a mass of about 1.25 giga–electron volts. Although its measured
properties are, within the uncertainties of the present data, consistent with those expected of the Higgs boson, more data
are needed to elucidate the precise nature of the new particle.
Science 12/2012; 338(6114):1569-1575. · 31.20 Impact Factor
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The CMS Collaboration,
S Chatrchyan,
G Hmayakyan,
V Khachatryan,
A M Sirunyan,
W Adam,
T Bauer,
T Bergauer,
H Bergauer,
M Dragicevic, [......],
G Abdullaeva,
A Avezov,
M I Fazylov,
E M Gasanov,
A Khugaev,
Y N Koblik,
M Nishonov,
K Olimov,
A Umaraliev,
B S Yuldashev
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 1034 cm−2 s−1 (1027 cm−2 s−1). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4π solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudorapidity coverage to high values (|η| ≤ 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.
Journal of Instrumentation 08/2008; 3(08):S08004. · 1.87 Impact Factor
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K. Andert, B. Baumbaugh,
A. Brothers,
A. David,
H. Gunther,
J. Gurrola,
D. Karmgard,
T. Madlem,
J. Marchant,
P. McGough,
M. McKenna,
R. Ruchti,
J. Thompson,
M. Vigneault,
L. Hernandez,
C. Hurlbut
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Studies are presented of new blue-green to red emitting scintillator and waveshifter materials for tracking and calorimetry applications for the detection of ionizing radiation. Materials include plastic scintillators, liquid scintillators, and plastic scintillating and waveshifting fibers. Program goals are to develop faster and more efficient detection media for a variety of experimental applications
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005 IEEE; 11/2005
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R Ruchti,
D. Karmgard,
M. Albrecht,
K. Andert,
P. Anselmino, B. Baumbaugh,
J Bishop,
V. Clendenen,
H. Dauerty,
D. Dreher, [......],
M. Jensen,
N. Kamat,
B. Marchant,
J. Marchant,
M. McKenna,
A. Rozzi,
A. Slusher,
R. Sommese,
T. Sparks,
M. Vigneault
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: New waveshifter and scintillator materials are under development for use in detecting charged particles in tracking applications and for detecting showering particles in calorimetric applications. Goals have been to identify and produce fast and efficient dye materials that fluoresce in the middle of the visible spectrum where polystyrene and polyvinyltoluene have good optical transparency, to replace existing materials currently in use in the field of particle physics. As a result of this study, several fluorescent dyes have been identified with fast and efficient emission, that fluorescence in the green (λ ∼ 490-520 nm), and from these a number waveshifter and scintillator materials have been fabricated.
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE; 11/2003
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A method is necessary to cool the electronics contained in the
readout boxes for the CMS HCAL. The electronics to pre-amplify and
digitize signals from the optical detectors will generate a large amount
of heat that must be removed from the CMS HCAL system. To accomplish
this a thermal management system has been designed that uses metallic
extrusions, liquid coolant, and thermal foam to transfer the heat from
the electronics to the exterior cooling system. Because the electronics
are difficult to access throughout the life of the experiment, the
temperature must be kept low to extend life expectancy. In order to test
the concepts before the final design is implemented a thermal test
station was built. Several methods to are under study to determine the
best method of making the thermal routing from source of the heat to the
liquid for heat removal. The test bed for this evaluation and methods to
monitor the electronics temperature in situ are discussed
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2000 IEEE; 02/2000
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J. Marchants,
M. Adams,
A. Baumbaugh,
B. Baumbaugh, B. Beiersdorf,
M. Booke,
L. Castle,
D. Dwyer,
J. Elias,
R. Foltz, [......],
D. Karmgard,
J. Kozminski,
T. Loughran,
Y. Onel,
J. Reidy,
A. Ronzhin,
R. Ruchti,
T. Shaw,
J. Whitmore,
D. Wiand
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The CMS experiment is a complex instrument to study particle
physics at the energy frontier. An important detector subsystem within
CMS is the hadron calorimeter or HCAL, consisting of four subsystems
that cover the kinematic region |η|<5. This paper provides
details of the electro-optical interfaces for the central barrel
subsystem that operates in a region of high magnetic field and converts
scintillation signals from megatile sampling layers to lower geometry
for energy measurement
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2000 IEEE; 02/2000
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have developed a hand-held, particle tracking detector based on
scintillating-glass, fiber-optic plate technology for applications in
classroom teaching. The active element is sensitive to ionizing
radiation and is a coherent fiber-optic plate consisting of 10<sup>6
</sup> individual clad fiber waveguides that contain Terbium (3+) oxide
in a silicate glass host. Scintillation light in the individual fiber
elements is transferred via total internal reflection to a multi-stage
image intensifier that senses and amplifies the light signal while
maintaining the spatial coherence of the input optical image. The output
screen of the image intensifier can be viewed directly by eye under
low-level room light conditions or via video imaging with a CCD camera.
The system is ideal for hands-on laboratory use and for public lecture
demonstrations
Nuclear Science Symposium, 1999. Conference Record. 1999 IEEE; 02/1999
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H. Zheng, B. Baumbaugh,
A. Gerig,
C. Hurlbut,
J. Kauffman,
J. Marchant,
A. Pla-Dalmau,
K. Reynolds,
R. Ruchti,
J. Warchol,
M. Wayne
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Experimental applications requiring fast timing and/or high efficiency position and energy measurements typically use scintillation materials. Scintillators utilized for triggering, tracking, and calorimetry in colliding beam detectors are vulnerable to the high radiation fields associated with such experiments. We have begun an investigation of several fluorescent dyes which might lead to fast, efficient, and radiation resistant scintillators. Preliminary results of spectral analysis and efficiency are presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
AIP Conference Proceedings. 11/1998; 450(1):371-380.
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J. Marchant, B. Baumbaugh,
A. Gerig,
C. Hurlbut,
J. Kauffman,
A. Pla-Dalmau,
K. Reynolds,
R. Ruchti,
J. Warchol,
M. Wayne,
H. Zheng
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Experimental applications requiring fast timing and/or high
efficiency position and energy measurements typically use scintillation
materials. Scintillators utilized for triggering, tracking, and
calorimetry in colliding beam detectors are vulnerable to the high
radiation fields associated with such experiments. We have begun an
investigation of several fluorescent dyes which might lead to fast,
efficient, and radiation resistant scintillators. Preliminary results of
spectral analysis and efficiency are presented
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 07/1998; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We are developing a calibration system for the Central Fiber
Tracker (CFT) for the DØ Upgrade to monitor the optical
integrity, channel gain, and gain stability for the 76000 fiber channels
with VLPC readout which comprise the system. Excitation is by blue Light
Emitting Diodes (LEDs), with light distributed to the CFT fiber ribbons
via luminous fiber panels. System design and performance will be
presented
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 07/1998; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A test station has been designed and is under construction to test
the quality of assembled waveguide to waveshifter fiber to be used in
the scintillating tile calorimeter for the Compact Moun Solenoid (CMS)
Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL). The test station consists of a light tight
enclosure 6.8 meters long with the ability to move a light source over
almost 6 meters of fiber. Data acquisition hardware and software are
under development to analyze the quality of the fiber as well as motor
control hardware and software to operate the moveable light source. The
design and performance expectations of the test station will be
presented
Nuclear Science Symposium, 1998. Conference Record. 1998 IEEE; 02/1998
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J. Marchant,
M. Adams,
N. Akchurin,
A. Baumbaugh, B. Baumbaugh,
M. Binkley,
M. Booke,
M. Chung,
P. Cushman,
J. Elias, [......],
S. Los,
Q. Lu,
Y. Onel,
M. Reichanadter,
J. Reidy,
C. Rivetta,
A. Ronzhin,
R. Ruchti,
R. Tschirhart,
M. Wayne
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The electro-optical interfaces for the central and endcap
calorimeters of the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are
readout boxes that receive optical signals via fiber-optic waveguides
from the calorimeter scintillator megatiles that comprise the active
elements of the detector and decode these signals for energy
measurement. The phototransducers housed within the readout boxes are
Hybrid Photodiodes (HPDs) which detect and amplify the optical signals.
Digitization is provided by preamplifiers or by QIE (Charge,
Integration, and Encode) chips. Output signals am then transmitted from
the readout boxes to Trigger/DAQ systems located off-detector. Design
concepts and construction details are presented for the first
pre-production-prototype readout boxes
Nuclear Science Symposium, 1998. Conference Record. 1998 IEEE; 02/1998
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We are developing a calibration system for the Central Fiber
Tracker (CFT) for the D0 Upgrade to monitor the optical integrity,
channel gain, and gain stability for the 76,000 fiber channels with VLPC
readout which comprise the system. Excitation is by blue Light Emitting
Diodes (LEDs), with light distributed to the CFT fiber ribbons via
luminous fiber panels. System design and performance will be presented
Nuclear Science Symposium, 1997. IEEE; 12/1997
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have been investigating the performance of scintillating pad
detectors, individual small tiles of scintillator that are read out with
wavelength-shifting fibers and visible light photon counters, for
application in high luminosity colliding beam experiments such as the
DØ Upgrade. Such structures could provide “pixel”
type readout over large fiducial volumes for tracking, preshower
detection and triggering
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 07/1997; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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M. Chung,
S. Margulies,
M. Adams, B. Baumbaugh,
I. Bertram,
A. Bross,
S. Choi,
S. Grunendahl,
J.S. Kang,
C.L. Kim, [......],
D. Koltick,
F. Lobkowicz,
Y.M. Park,
M. Paterno,
Y. Pischalnikov,
R. Ruchti,
J. Solomon,
J. Warchol,
M. Wayne,
Y. Yu
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A tracking detector using scintillating fibers is being developed
for the D0 collaboration at Fermilab. The scintillating fibers will be
coupled to clear fibers that will transport light to the photodetectors.
We have developed connectors which couple the two types of fibers. The
first 128-channel prototypes were machined using Delrin plastic to have
v-shaped grooves. Fibers were glued into the grooves and their ends were
finished with diamond fly-cut tools. Mating connectors were optically
coupled by optical grease. Using a green light-emitting diode and a
silicon photodiode, we measured average light transmission between 97%
and 99%. Later versions of the v-groove connectors were made of
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic by injection molding
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 07/1996; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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B. Baumbaugh,
I. Bertram,
A. Bross,
S. Choi,
M. Chung,
S. Grunendahl,
J.S. Kang,
C.L. Kim,
S.K. Kim,
D. Koltick,
F. Lobkowicz,
S. Margulies,
Y. Park,
Y. Pischalnikov,
R. Ruchti,
J. Solomon,
J. Warchol,
M. Wayne,
Y. Yui
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report on results of a cosmic ray test of a scintillating fiber
tracker using Visible Light Photon Counter (VLPC) readout. Two different
detector configurations have been constructed and operated, the first
with a total of 3072 channels and the second with 1,785 channels. The
3072 channel system is a prototype for the DØ detector tracking
upgrade and represents a configuration that is similar to that in the
final detector. The second, smaller test was specifically designed to
study the position resolution capabilities of the fiber tracker. A
description of the cosmic ray test including trigger, fiber
configuration, undoped lightguides, VLPC cassettes and cryogenics, and
calibration system is given. Final results from the 3072 channel test
will be presented, including measurements of resolution, light yield per
minimum ionizing particle, singlet and doublet efficiency, and long-term
stability. Resolution results from the second, 1785 channel test will be
compared to the predicted resolution from Monte Carlo studies
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 07/1996; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have designed, constructed, and operated a small cryostem which supports the operation of 32 channels of visible light photon counters (HISTE-IV VLPCs). The VLPCs are situated within a small enclosure which can be lowered into a 30-100 liter dewar. The enthalpy of the boil-off helium keeps the VLPCs cold, and allows the system to be operated with stability for many days within the desired temperature range of 6.0 K-7.5 K. The cryostem is instrumented with clear fiber waveguides which transport the light from an optical connector situated at the top of the cryostem and outside of the dewar to the photosensors at cryogenic temperatures within the dewar. Electrical signals from the VLPCs are amplified at room temperature using QPA02 preamplifiers. Details of design and performance are reviewed
Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, 1995., 1995 IEEE; 11/1995
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D. Adams,
M. Adams, B. Baumbaugh,
I. Bertram,
A. Bross,
D. Casey,
S. Chang,
M. Chung,
C. Cooper,
C. Cretsinger, [......],
C.H. Park,
Y.M. Park,
S. Reucroft,
R. Ruchti,
J. Solomon,
E. VonGoeler,
J. Warchol,
M. Wayne,
E. Won,
Y.S. Yu
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A large scale scintillating fiber tracker using visible light
photon counter (VLPC) readout was built as a prototype far the upgraded
DØ central tracker. This prototype has been under test at
Fermilab for six months using cosmic rays. A description of the
components of the tracker including the photodetector, fibers,
lightguides, ribbons, and DAQ is given. Preliminary results on detected
photon yield, position resolution, efficiency and VLPC performance are
presented
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 09/1995; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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B. Abbott,
D. Adams,
T. Armstrong,
M. Atac,
A. Baumbaugh, B. Baumbaugh,
M. Binkley,
S. Bird,
J. Bishop,
N. Biswas, [......],
J. Solomon,
J. Thomas,
S. Tkaczyk,
W. Toothacker,
F. Vaca,
D. Vandergriff,
R. Wagner,
J. Warchol,
M. Wayne,
J. Whitmore
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Trackers based on scintillating-fiber technology are being
considered by the Solenoidal Detector Collaboration at SSC and the DO
collaboration at Fermilab. Some 600 fibers in the Fermilab Tevatron CO
area were irradiated, thereby obtaining a hadronic irradiation at
realistic rates. Four-meter-long samples of ten Bicron polystyrene-based
fibre types, maintained in air, dry nitrogen, argon, and vacuum
atmospheres within stainless-steel tubes, were irradiated for seven
weeks at various distances from the accelerator beam pipes. Maximum
doses, measured by thermoluminescence detectors, were about 80 krad.
Fiber properties, particularly light yield and attenuation length, were
measured over a one-year period. A description of the work together with
the results is presented. At the doses achieved, corresponding to a few
years of actual fiber-tracking detector operation, little degradation
was observed. Recovery after several days' exposure to air was noted.
Properties of unirradiated samples kept in darkness show no changes
after one year
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 09/1993; · 1.45 Impact Factor
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B. Abbot,
D Adams,
M Adams,
E Anderson,
T. Armstrong,
M Atac,
A. Baumbaugh, B. Baumbaugh,
M Binkley,
J Bishop, [......],
S Tkaczyk,
W. Toothacker,
V. Balamurali,
D Vandergriff,
K. Vasavada,
R Wagner,
J Warchol,
M Wayne,
J Whitmore,
T Yasuda
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Scintillating fiber tracking detectors are being developed for the SDC experiment at Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) and the upgrade of the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The many attractive features of a fiber tracker include good position resolution, low occupancy, low mass in the active volume, and excellent resistance to radiation damage. An additional important feature, especially at the SSC, is the intrinsically prompt response time of a scintillating fiber. The photodetector of choice is the visible light phonon counter (VLPC), a device which combines high rate capability with high quantum efficiency at visible wavelengths. To realize the high rate capability of the VLPC requires the implementation of a suitable, fast preamplifier. Until recently, studies of fibers and VLPCs with radioactive sources and cosmic rays have been performed under low rate conditions using transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs). The authors report on the response characteristics of a fiber-VLPC system coupled to a variety of fast preamplifiers, including QPA02, VTX, and TVC devices. Their performance is compared with that of a transimpedance amplifier
Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, 1991., Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE; 12/1991
