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ABSTRACT: Summary— We report the changes in the pattern of diuresis in 20 women (average age 71 years) with increased nocturnal diuresis who were treated with 20 ng desmopressin (Minirin). Before treatment, antidiuretic hormone levels were measured every 4 h over a 24-h period and 75% of the levels were found to be beneath the lowest detectable limit (<0.4 pmol/l).Nocturnal diuresis decreased by 355 ± 208 ml and in 8 cases the decrease exceeded 400 ml. Diurnal diuresis, on the other hand, increased by 226 ± 331 ml. Side effects were mild and occurred in only 2 women.
BJU International 11/2008; 72(1):42 - 45. · 2.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate whether antidepressants are over-used, under-used, or misused, by determining to what extent the depressed individuals in a defined population are treated with antidepressant medication and, from the other end, to what extent prescribed antidepressants are aimed for the treatment of depression.
From an individual based prescription database in the County of Jämtland, 2048 individuals representative for the general population were selected. The presence of current depression in these individuals was screened by a mailed self-screening questionnaire. Individuals with depression according to the questionnaire were interviewed by a psychiatrist using a structured interview (SCAN) to confirm the diagnosis. Their use of antidepressants was obtained from the prescription database.
Sixty-two (4.5%) out of 1375 were diagnosed with depression and 17 (27%) of these were taking an antidepressant. In addition 44 individuals, currently not depressed, were taking antidepressants. Twenty-five of these were interviewed per telephone and it was found that the indications for 18 of them were continuation treatment of depression, and for seven of them pain, sleep disturbance or anxiety.
Antidepressants appear to be under-used in the population. Only one in four of the depressed individuals was treated with antidepressant medication. Those who had antidepressant medication without being currently depressed had, with few exceptions, either continuation treatment for depression in remission or treatment on other approved indications.
European Psychiatry 10/2006; 21(6):355-60. · 2.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the relationship of nocturnal micturition to body mass index (BMI), smoking, regular exercise, coffee and tea drinking, parity, and menopausal transition in women.
A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 respondents among 6000 women, i.e. 1200 randomly selected from each 5-year age group between 40 and 64 years in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. The questions concerned number of nocturnal voiding episodes, health, childbirths, occurrence of somatic diseases and symptoms, habits and medication.
In univariate analyses, body mass index (BMI) > or =30, smoking, lack of regular exercise and menopausal status, but not parity, were associated with an increased number of nocturnal micturition episodes. Nocturia was twice as common in women who drank no evening coffee or tea as in those who drank either of these beverages. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, independent correlates for two or more nocturnal micturition episodes vs. no more than one episode were: smoking 1-15 cigarettes daily vs. no smoking (odds ratio (OR), 1.4; confidence interval (CI), 1.1-1.8), 16 or more cigarettes per day vs. no smoking (OR, 1.8; CI, 1.1-2.8), <5 years after menopause vs. before (OR, 2.0; CI, 1.4-2.7), 5-9 years after vs. before (OR, 2.3; CI, 1.6-3.2) and > or =10 years after vs. before (OR, 3.5; CI, 2.6-4.7), BMI > or =30 vs. <20 (OR, 3.5; CI, 2.6-4.7). BMI in the ranges 20-24.9 and 25-29.9 showed no independent influence on nocturia.
Nocturnal micturition was increased by smoking and raised BMI and decreased by regular exercise, but was not influenced by childbirth.
Climacteric 10/2004; 7(3):267-73. · 1.99 Impact Factor
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R Asplund
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ABSTRACT: To assess the relationship between nocturia, thirst and the perception of dryness in the eyes and mouth in a group of elderly men and women.
The study comprised 6103 elderly men and women recruited by a questionnaire from a group of pensioners (n=10216; response rate 61.3%). The age of the men and the women was 73.0 (6.0) and 72.6 (6.7) years, respectively. The questionnaire included questions on their health, diseases and symptoms, drugs, sleep habits and the number of nocturnal voiding episodes.
Dryness of the eyes increased from 6.5% in men without nocturnal micturition to 15.8% (p < 0.05) in those with > three nocturnal voids, and correspondingly from 9.9% to 33.1% (p < 0.0001) in women. Dryness of the mouth increased similarly from 15.7% to 37.3% (p < 0.001) in the men and from 17.0% to 56.7% (p < 0.0001) in the women. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that dry eyes and dry mouth increased with increasing nocturnal micturition independently of the influence of age, sex, analgesics and the use of diuretics.
Nocturia is associated with a significant increase in the occurrence of dry eyes and dry mouth among the elderly. The results may indicate that nocturnal polyuria is an overlooked pathogenetic mechanism in these symptoms.
The Canadian Journal of Urology 09/2004; 11(4):2322-6. · 0.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess the possible relationship between major depression (MD) and nocturia.
An unselected group of adult men and women, living in the city of Ostersund, Sweden, were sent a postal questionnaire containing questions on somatic and mental health, sleep, sleepiness and nocturia. For depression diagnostics the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) was used.
The mean (sd) ages of the men and women were 48.0 (18.2) and 50.1 (19.1) years, respectively. Two or more nocturnal micturition episodes occurred in 15.6% of the men and 16.5% of the women. In a multiple logistic regression analysis independent correlates (with 95% confidence intervals) for >/= 2 nocturnal voids in men were: MD 6.5 (2.6-15.6); health, fair vs good, 1.8 (1.0-3.9); health, poor vs good, 2.7 (1.1-4.8); age, 60-74 vs 18-29, 3.6 (1.5-8.4) and age >/= 75 vs 18-29 6.7 (2.6-17.4); and in women: MD 2.8 (1.3-6.3); health, fair vs good, 1.9 (1.1-3.2); health, poor vs good, 4.3 (2.6-8.2); age, 60-74 vs 18-29, 3.8 (1.8-7.8), and age >/= 75 vs 18-29, 8.6 (4.0-18.6). Age < 60 years was deleted by the logistic model in both sexes.
MD is associated with a six-fold increase in nocturia in men and a three-fold increase in women, after accounting for age and health. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this relationship may involve both increased nocturnal diuresis via a disturbed 24-h rhythm of antidiuretic hormone secretion, and a decrease in nocturnal bladder capacity through a central and/or peripheral serotonergic effect.
BJU International 06/2004; 93(9):1253-6. · 2.84 Impact Factor
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R Asplund
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ABSTRACT: Nocturia is a common symptom in the elderly, which profoundly influences general health and quality of life. One consequence of nocturia is sleep deterioration, with increased daytime sleepiness and loss of energy and activity. Accidents, e.g., fall injuries, are increased both at night and in the daytime in elderly persons with nocturia. Nocturia is caused by nocturnal polyuria, a reduced bladder capacity, or a combination of the two. Nocturnal polyuria can be caused by numerous diseases, such as diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and sleep apnoea. In the nocturnal polyuria syndrome (NPS), the 24-h diuresis is normal or only slightly increased, while there is a shift in diuresis from daytime to night. NPS is caused by a disturbance of the vasopressin system, with a lack of nocturnal increase in plasma vasopressin or, in some cases, no detectable levels of the hormone at any time of the 24-h period. The calculated prevalence of NPS is about 3% in an elderly population, with no gender difference. In NPS, there are serious sleep disturbances, partly due to the need to get up for micturition, but there is also increased difficulty in falling asleep after nocturnal awakenings and increased sleepiness in the morning. The treatment of NPS may include avoidance of excessive fluid intake, use of diuretics medication in the afternoon rather than the morning, and desmopressin orally at bedtime.
Journal of Psychosomatic Research 06/2004; 56(5):517-25. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the relationship between nightmares, some cardiac symptoms and the menopause in 40-64-year-old women.
A general health questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 randomly selected women (out of 6000 invited) in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. Questions were asked about the state of health, cardiac symptoms (irregular heart beat and spasmodic chest pain), sleep, nightmares, menstrual status and medication.
Eighty-one per cent of the women reported a good night's sleep. Nightmares at least once weekly occurred in 10.4%. The prevalence of spasmodic chest pain and irregular heart beat increased with increasing number of nights a week disturbed by nightmares. The prevalence of spasmodic chest pain and irregular heart beat was increased after the menopause. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, independent correlates for spasmodic chest pain were: nightmares at least once a week versus more seldom or never (odds ratio (OR) 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.5), sleep, poor versus good (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0-3.3) and postmenopausal state (OR 6.6; 95% CI 2.8-15.4). Independent correlates for irregular heart beat were: nightmares (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4-2.8) and poor sleep (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.9-3.2), but not menopause.
The occurrence of perceived spasmodic chest pain and of irregular heart beat is increased in 40-64-year-old women with frequent nightmares and poor sleep. The occurrence of spasmodic chest pain is further increased after the menopause.
Climacteric 01/2004; 6(4):314-20. · 1.99 Impact Factor
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R Asplund
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ABSTRACT: Sleep complaints and various sleep symptoms are common in elderly persons with cardiac diseases. Nightmares are associated with profound sleep disturbances.
The present questionnaire survey with questions on sleep symptoms, nightmares and cardiac symptoms comprised 6103 elderly subjects (39.5% men).
Nightmares occurred rather often in 6.9% and very often in 2.1% of the men. The corresponding frequencies in women were 9.6 and 2.3%, respectively. Irregular heart beats were reported by 11.8% of the men and 131% of the women (NS). Spasmodic chest pain occurred in 12.9 and 10.6%, respectively (p < 0.01). Irregular heart beats increased in association with increasing nightmares in both men (p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.0001). The percentages of men and women with both irregular heart beats and spasmodic chest pain were three times and seven times higher, respectively, among those who had nightmares very often than among those who very seldom or never had nightmares. The increase in cardiac symptoms in nightmare sufferers was not attributable to an increase in medication with cardiac drugs.
In this group of elderly men and women increased nightmares were associated with an increase in irregular heart beats and spasmodic chest pain.
The Netherlands Journal of Medicine 07/2003; 61(7):257-61. · 2.07 Impact Factor
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R Asplund
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ABSTRACT: Nocturia, a common symptom in the elderly, is often caused by increased urine production at night.
The present study comprised 17 men and six women aged 68.1 +/- 4.7 (mean +/- SD) years with nocturia (> or = 2 nocturnal voids) and nocturnal polyuria (nocturnal urinary output of > or = 0.9 mL min(-1)). A physical examination, measurements of recumbent blood pressure after a 15-minute rest, plasma AVP assay at noon and midnight, and urine collection performed during a 24-hour period.
The daytime urine output was 1358 +/- 664 mL, and the nocturnal urine output 796 +/- 312 mL. The AVP level was lower at midnight than at noon in 17 persons, and higher at midnight in six persons. Blood pressure was 142.0 +/- 15.7/87.4 +/- 9.1 mmHg. Systolic (but not diastolic) blood pressure increased with decreasing nocturnal plasma AVP. Increasing nocturnal diuresis rate (r2= 0.26; p < 0.01) but not plasma AVP was associated with increasing systolic blood pressure.
In elderly persons with nocturia and nocturnal polyuria, the plasma AVP is low and does not rise nocturnally. The systolic blood pressure is increased with increasing diuresis but unaffected by plasma AVP.
The Netherlands Journal of Medicine 08/2002; 60(7):276-80. · 2.07 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Objective: To study the occurrence of sleep complaints in women in relation to such complaints in their parents.Background: Sleep complaints are common and may be affected by many somatic, mental, and life-style and environmental factors.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was undertaken among 3669 randomly selected women of ages 40-64 years. The women were asked about their own health and sleep and their recollection of the sleep of their parents.Results: The frequency of poor sleep was low among women reporting that neither parent had sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances in the father, mother and both parents implied a 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.0-3.2), 2.5 (2.1-3.0) and 4.8-fold (3.4-6.8) increase in sleep complaints in the investigated women, respectively. The frequencies of numerous awakenings, difficulty in falling asleep again and too little sleep increased similarly. A series of logistic regression analyses revealed that all sleep characteristics were evaluated more negatively in women who reported sleep disturbances in their parents and also reported themselves to be in poor health. All sleep variables deteriorated with age. Because data regarding parent sleep was based on subjects' recall of that sleep, the results should be interpreted with some caution.Conclusions: The frequency of sleep complaints in women aged from 40 to 64 years was increased if sleep disturbances were reported in their parents.
Sleep Medicine 06/2001; 2(3):233-237. · 3.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyse the relationship between nocturnal micturition and health in 40- to 64-year-old women. A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 randomly selected women (out of 6000 invited) in the County of Jämtland, Sweden. Questions were asked about the general health status of health, health development during the last 5 years, nocturnal micturition, parity, menstrual status, menopausal symptoms, hormone replacement therapy, cardiac diseases, diabetes and snoring. Poor health was reported by 10.4%. In 24.1% of the women health development had been unfavourable in the last 5 years. Poor health was reported by 4.7% of women without nocturnal micturition, and by 11.2, 20.1 and 39.0% (P<0.0001) of women with one, two, and three or more nocturnal voiding episodes, respectively. In a multiple logistic regression analysis significant independent correlates of health were: one versus no nocturnal micturitions (odds ratio [OR] 2.2; confidence interval [CI] 1.5-3.3), two versus none (OR 3.2; 1.9-5.3), and three or more versus none (OR 6.5; 3.5-11.9), spasmodic chest pain (OR 6.6; CI 3.0-14.5), irregular heart beats (OR 3.0; CI 2.1-4.3), diabetes (OR 5.1; CI 2.8-9.4), leg oedema> or =6 days/month versus <6 days/month (OR 23; CI 1.6-3.3), snoring: < or =3 times/week versus never (OR 1.4; CI 1.0-2.0), snoring 4-7 times/week versus never (OR 1.6; CI 1.1-2.2), being<5 years after versus being before the menopause (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.5), 5-9 years after versus before the menopause (OR 1.7; CI 1.0-2.9), > or =10 years after versus before the menopause (OR 2.2; CI 1.3-3.7), diuretic treatment (OR 2.8; CI 1.7-4.6). The perceived state of health in 40- to 64- year-old women is profoundly affected by nocturia, independently of heart diseases, diabetes, snoring, age and menopausal status.
Maturitas 05/2000; 35(2):143-8. · 2.77 Impact Factor
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R Asplund
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ABSTRACT: To study the relationship between nocturnal micturition and mortality in an elderly population.
All 10 216 members of the Swedish pensioners' association (SPF) in two Swedish counties were asked to participate in a questionnaire survey. The questions concerned the general state of health, occurrence of somatic diseases and symptoms, number of voiding episodes per night, everyday habits and behaviour, and the use of drugs. After 6 years, data on deaths were extracted from the National Register of Deaths at the National Central Bureau of Statistics in Stockholm.
There were 6143 evaluable questionnaires, of which 39.5% were from men. The mean (sd) ages of the men and women participating were 73.0 (6.0) and 72.6 (6.7) years, respectively. During a 54-month period after the questionnaire was completed, 444 of the men and 384 of the women died. The men with three or more nocturnal voiding episodes had a higher death rate, at 1.9 (1.4-2.6) times more than the whole group of men (3.4% vs 1.9% per 6 months; P<0.001), and the corresponding women a death rate 1.3 (0.9-2.0) times higher than all women (1.4% vs 1.1% per 6 months, not significant). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, significant independent correlates of death during the study period were: being 70-79 years vs <70 years (odds ratio, OR, 1.92, 95% CI 1.52-2.43), being >/=80 years vs <70 years (5.14, 3.96-6.68), female gender (0.44, 0.37-0.52), health (1. 81, 1.46-2.25), negative health development (1.70, 1.40-2.06), spasmodic chest pain (1.38, 1.09-1.74), diabetes (1.59, 1.18-2.15), stroke (1.82, 1.12-2.93), and three or more vs two or fewer voiding episodes (1.34, 1.01-1.79).
Elderly people who need to void three or more times per night had a greater mortality rate over a 54-month observation period than those voiding less often.
BJU International 08/1999; 84(3):297-301. · 2.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the decrease in nocturnal diuresis, nocturnal polyuria and the safety of oral desmopressin in elderly subjects with nocturia.
After being identified using a population-based questionnaire, subjects were included in the study if they; (i) were healthy and free from medication with possible influence on the diuresis or voiding pattern; (ii) had an increased nocturnal frequency (>/=2 nocturnal voids/night, as reported before screening); (iii) had a nocturnal urinary output of >/=0.9 mL/min; (iv) completed and responded to an initial dose-titration study. Twelve men and five women (mean age 67.7 years, sd 4.6 years) met these criteria and were treated with oral desmopressin or placebo at bedtime for 2 weeks on each medication in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.
Subjects treated with desmopressin had a significantly reduced nocturnal diuresis of 0.59 mL/min compared with those on placebo (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.33-0.85). The 24-h diuresis was unaffected by desmopressin treatment. Patients treated with desmopressin had fewer micturitions at night than had those on placebo (1.1 and 1.7, respectively; P<0.001; mean difference=0.59; 95% CI, 0.32-0.85). The reduction in nocturnal diuresis was dependent on the baseline level of night-time diuresis (r=0.886; r2=0.785; P<0.0001) and the nocturnal part of the baseline 24 h-diuresis (r=0.708; r2=0.502; P<0.001). After desmopressin treatment was withdrawn, diuresis returned to the levels before treatment. The time from falling asleep to first awakening was improved by 1.4 h in patients treated with desmopressin. There was no change in body weight or ankle circumference during desmopressin treatment. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were observed.
Desmopressin was effective in reducing nocturnal diuresis and nocturnal voids in polyuric elderly subjects, with no significant adverse events or inconvenience to the patient. The length of uninterrupted sleep was also improved.
BJU International 04/1999; 83(6):591-5. · 2.84 Impact Factor
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R Asplund
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ABSTRACT: Sleep is important for health and quality of life at all ages, and poor sleep interacts with many medical conditions. Somatic and psychiatric diseases, and unfavourable habits and life-style factors, increase the propensity to insomnia in older persons. As health deteriorates with age, sleep becomes poorer. Heart disease and stroke, cancer, painful conditions, breathing disorders and nocturnal polyuria syndrome often disturb sleep. Dementia and depression, which are often associated with sleep disturbances, are also more prevalent in the elderly. Moreover, true age-related sleep deterioration occurs after the age of 75 years. Attempts to improve sleep should first and foremost be focused on elimination of somatic and psychiatric symptoms as far as possible, and on modification of lifestyle factors that may affect sleep quality. For short term treatment, hypnotics are appropriate; for longer periods, nonpharmacological methods, for example light therapy or behavioural modification techniques, should be considered, as many hypnotic drugs are less suitable for long term use. However, there are situations when sleep medication must continue for long periods, especially in elderly patients with severe diseases and poor quality of life. In these patients, careful individualisation of therapy is appropriate.
Drugs & Aging 03/1999; 14(2):91-103. · 2.67 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the decrease in nocturnal polyuria and the tolerability of three different doses of oral desmopressin in elderly subjects.
Subjects were included in the study if they; (i) were healthy and free from medication with possible influence on their diuresis or voiding pattern: (ii) had an increased nocturnal frequency (> or = 2 nocturnal voids, as reported in the pre-screening period); and (iii) had a nocturnal urinary output of > or = 0.9 mL/min. Seventeen men and six women (mean age 68.1, SD 4.7 years) met these criteria and were treated with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg oral desmopressin given at bedtime, each dose taken for one week on three consecutive weeks.
The mean (SD) nocturnal diuresis before treatment was 1.6 (0.7) mL/min, which decreased significantly to 1.1 (0.4) mL/min when 0.1 mg desmopressin was given. A dose of 0.2 mg desmopressin resulted in a further small decrease in the nocturnal diuresis to 0.9 (0.4) mL/min, whereas the 0.4 mg dose produced no additional effect. The reduction in nocturnal diuresis occurred almost exclusively in the group with a nocturnal urinary output of > or =1.3 mL/min. After treatment, diuresis returned to pretreatment levels. There was no change in body weight or in ankle circumference during desmopressin treatment and no serious adverse effects were observed.
Desmopressin reduces nocturnal diuresis in polyuric elderly subjects and this reduction, occurring with doses of 0.1 mg given at bedtime, does not increase in a dose-dependent way.
British Journal of Urology 12/1998; 82(5):642-6.
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ABSTRACT: Plasma concentration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and melatonin and serum osmolality were measured at noon and at midnight in individuals living in the northern hemisphere on March 22-23, June 13-14, September 26-27, and December 12-13 in 35 healthy volunteers (15 men and 20 women) aged 60-74 years. The nocturnal increase in melatonin was highest in the autumn and lowest in the winter in both sexes. The midnight serum osmolality level was lower in the autumn than in any other time of the year. In both the men and the women the AVP level was higher in winter than in any other season (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In men, the AVP level was higher at noon than at midnight in 49% of the investigated 24 hr periods, at the same level in 15% and lower in 36% (NS). The corresponding figures for women were 55%, 25%, and 20%, respectively (P < 0.05). This study suggests a possible relationship between melatonin and serum osmolality.
Journal of Pineal Research 10/1998; 25(2):67-72. · 5.79 Impact Factor
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R Asplund
Lakartidningen 09/1998; 95(32-33):3400-4.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate daytime sleepiness and napping in relation to nocturnal sleep, health, and medication.
An epidemiological survey using a questionnaire.
The county of Jämtland in northern Sweden.
3669 randomly selected women aged 40-64 years, with a similar number of women in each 5-year age group.
Daytime sleepiness (DS), health, night sleep, somatic diseases, and medication.
DS was more common in subjects suffering from asthma, cardiac diseases, hypertension, muscular pain, and frequent nocturnal micturition. In a logistic regression analysis with DS as the dependent variable and age, health, nocturnal sleep, frequent awakenings, inability to fall asleep again after nocturnal awakening, and hypnotic medication as explanatory variables there was an increase in DS by age in each 5-year class from 40-44 years, but a decrease in DS beyond 60 years. General health, health development during the last 5 years, and sleep characteristics were associated with increased DS. There was no increase in DS related to the use of hypnotics.
Poor health, a poor night's sleep, and different somatic diseases, but not use of hypnotics, are associated with DS in women aged 40-64.
Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 07/1998; 16(2):112-6. · 2.05 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether the occurrence of cardiac symptoms is related to sleep disturbances.
An epidemiological survey by means of a questionnaire.
The county of Jämtland in northern Sweden.
Randomly selected women (6000) aged 40-64 years, with a similar number of women in each 5-year age group. A total of 3669 responded.
Sleep disturbances and cardiac symptoms.
In total, 81.9% of the women reported a good night's sleep. Amongst them, 0.4% stated that they were troubled by both spasmodic chest pain and a sensation of irregular heart beat, 0.8% spasmodic chest pain alone, 5.8% irregular heart beat and 93.0% neither of these conditions. The corresponding frequencies amongst the women who slept poorly were 1.5, 1.8, 15.0 and 81.7%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Amongst the subjects with reported sleep complaints, there was an increase in heart symptoms, both in those with trouble falling asleep, frequent awakenings and difficulty in getting to sleep again, and in those who awoke too early in the morning. Spasmodic chest pain was 8.8 (1.9-40.3) times and irregular heart beat 7.7 (3.3-18.1) times more common in women with nightmares almost every night than in those who never experienced nightmares. Daytime sleepiness was also associated with increased heart symptoms.
Poor sleep was associated with an increase in spasmodic chest pain and irregular heart beat.
Journal of Internal Medicine 04/1998; 243(3):209-13. · 5.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To study the relationship between sleep and nocturnal micturition in women 40-64 years old.
A questionnaire study was carried out in 3669 (6000 invited) randomly selected women in the County of Jämtland in Sweden. Questions were asked about the general state of health, nocturnal micturition, sleep, menstruation and menopausal symptoms, and also about visits to doctors and the use of sleeping pills and hormone preparations.
The subjective evaluation of the general state of health and of a feeling of contentedness and of confidence in the future worsened with increasing numbers of nocturnal voiding episodes. Sleep was more strongly correlated to the number of nocturnal voiding episodes (R2 = 0.099; P < 0.0001) than to age (R2 = 0.021; P < 0.0001) or the menopause (R2 = 0.017; P < 0.0001). Daytime sleepiness was three times more common among women with three or more nocturnal voiding episodes than among those with no nocturnal micturition. Women who voided three or more times in the night consulted a doctor twice as frequently as those without nocturnal micturition and were treated with drugs 2.5 times as often. The corresponding figures for sick-listing were 75 and 15 days per year, respectively.
Frequent nocturnal micturition is common in 40-64-year-old women and impair sleep with subsequent decrease in daytime performance and general well-being.
Maturitas 06/1996; 24(1-2):73-81. · 2.77 Impact Factor
