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Revista Clínica Española 04/2013; · 2.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 2 years, its distribution is worldwide and even in very different climatic conditions, it appears to have similar features, certainly knowing it will produce a significant amount of infections each year. We present the results of a retrospective review of positive cases for RSV detected in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valladolid in the period between 1990 and 2000, dealing with its presentation at the given time with the weather variables of temperature and humidity. Every year, we have observed as the clustering of cases was associated with two outbreaks, one at the beginning and the other at the end of the year, coinciding with the coldest and wettest months. This pattern has been repeated every revised year, according to an annual rate, with the onset of the first insulation between the months of October and February, and of the last ending between March and June, showing the highest peaks of isolation during the month of February. Therefore, every year we observe a break or seasonal slip matching the months with higher temperatures and lower humidity.
Le infezioni in medicina: rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive 09/2012; 20(3):169-75.
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Revista Clínica Española 07/2012; · 2.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Little is known about the impact of comorbid psychiatric symptoms in health related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with HIV infection. The aim of this investigation was to describe depressive symptoms and the impact in HRQL in HIV infected people.
A cross-sectional study over 150 HIV-outpatients in a tertiary hospital was designed. Depression data were obtained using the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II) inventory. HRQL data were collected by disease-specific questionnaire MOS-HIV. Researchers' team designed a specific template to get rest of the data.
Almost three-quarters of the population were men. After adjusting for gender and age, HIV-related symptoms and presence of depression were found to be negatively associated with all the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) general domains and in the Physical Health Summary score and Mental Health Summary score.
Optimization of HRQL is particularly important now that HIV is a chronic disease with the prospect of long-term survival. Quality of life and depression should be monitored in follow-up of HIV infected patients. Comorbid psychiatric conditions may serve as markers for impaired functioning and well-being in persons with HIV.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 08/2011; 15(8):855-62. · 1.04 Impact Factor
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Revista Clínica Española 05/2011; 211(11):607-8. · 2.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Dietary counseling and oral supplementation have unclear results in preventing the progressive weight loss in human deficiency virus (HIV)-infection. The aim of the study was to compare the progression of nutritional indicators with or without a formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids.
30 HIV patients were enrolled. 15 were randomized to group I (standard formula) and 15 were randomized to group II (formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids). A nutritional evaluation was realized at basal time and at 3 months.
An increase in protein and calories intakes was detected in both. There was a significant increase in n3 fatty acid intake from baseline in group II, without statistical changes in group I. Treatment with both supplements resulted in a significant and sustained increase in weight (4.5% in group I and 5.4%, in group II). This increase was mostly due to fat free mass in group I. In group II it was due to an increase in fat free mass and fat mass.
Oral nutritional supplements for a 3-months period were well tolerated and resulted in body weight gain in HIV-infected patients with previous weight loss.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 05/2010; 14(5):449-54. · 1.04 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is used in the assessment of chronic illness. Regarding HIV infection, HRQL assessment is an objective for physicians and institutions since antiretroviral treatment delays HIV clinical progression. The aim of this study was to determine the factors with the most influence on HRQL in HIV-infected people and to create a predictive model.
We conducted a cross-sectional study in 150 patients in a tertiary hospital. HRQL data were collected using the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) questionnaire. The research team created a specific template with which to gather clinical and sociodemographic data. Adherence was assessed using the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) and depression data were obtained using the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II) inventory. Logistic regression models were used to identify determinants of HRQL.
HIV-related symptoms and presence of depression were found to be negatively associated with all the MOS-HIV domains, the Physical Health summary score and the Mental Health summary score. Patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI)-based treatment had lower scores in four of the 11 domains of the MOS-HIV questionnaire. Gender, hospitalization in the year before enrolment, depression and parenthood were independently related to the Physical Health Score; depression and hepatitis C virus coinfection were related to the Mental Health Score.
Optimization of HRQL is particularly important now that HIV infection can be considered a chronic disease with the prospect of long-term survival. Quality of life should be monitored in follow-up of HIV-infected patients. The assessment of HRQL in this population can help us to detect problems that may influence the progression of the disease. This investigation highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to HIV infection.
HIV Medicine 05/2010; 12(1):22-30. · 3.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The current number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected people is not known in Spain as there is no national registry. This study has aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection in the population treated in a hospital emergency department (ER) as an epidemic and risk of exposure indicator during healthcare activity and to assess the differences observed regarding previous estimates.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of all the sera received in the ER anonymously. The final size of the pools was 5 sera. HIV antibody screening was performed using the 4th generation ELFA technique and confirmation was performed by Western Blot.
Seven out of the 270 pools made from 1,347 sera obtained were reactive. The individualized analysis confirmed 6 sera to be positive and 1 serum to be false positive. The observed prevalence was 0.52% (95% CI 0.10-0.94). Prevalence fell 0.87% in comparison to the years 1990-1991, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.08).
The implementation of HIV antibodies detection through a system of pooled batches in samples collected in the ER make it possible to assess the prevalence of infection with this virus, decreasing costs with regard to individualized analysis of sera in both economic terms as well as samples handling.
Revista Clínica Española 02/2009; 209(2):73-7. · 2.01 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A review on the etiological profile of urinary tract infections in childhood and the sensitivity pattern of urinary pathogens in Spain is presented. Escherichia coli continues to be the main etiological agent of urinary tract infection in childhood. Consequently, its sensitivity pattern will usually determine the choice of empirical therapy. The predominance of E. coli is reduced in certain circumstances, in which the presence of other microorganisms is increased. However, the clinical information available at diagnosis does not allow accurate identification of the etiology; only staining and microscopic urine examination can help in treatment selection. In Spain, E. coli presents a high percentage of resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, whereas second- and third-generation cephalosporins, fosfomycin, aminoglycosides and amoxicillin-clavulanate maintain high sensitivity. In some areas, amoxicillin-clavulanate and first-generation cephalosporins show high levels of resistance, which can limit their empirical use.
Anales de Pediatría 12/2007; 67(5):461-8. · 0.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The observation of an increasing number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in some population groups prompted us to study the risk factors and the epidemiological profile of S. aureus nasal carriage in healthy adults 65 years of age and older residing in the province of Segovia. Attention was particularly focused on the possibility that some of the infections were community-acquired. We conducted a prospective and observational study of people who usually visited senior citizen centers in the province of Segovia (Carbonero, Cuéllar, Cantalejo) and its capital. The analysis period took place between January and May 2003. Infections were classified as community-acquired, hospital-acquired or health-care associated. Isolates of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). There were 34 (19.5%) The prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus was 19.5% and that for MRSA was 1.1%. Female sex was significantly associated with the carriage state. All S. aureus isolates were mupirocin-susceptible. 100% susceptibility and specificity was obtained through latex agglutination testing. The molecular study showed that the transmission for MRSA was monoclonal and that for MSSA was more policlonal. The results presented here form the basis for similar studies in other Spanish senior citizen centers and provide evidence that MRSA strains are beginning to circulate and are becoming significantly established within the community, thus highlighting the need for implementing control strategies to prevent dissemination.
Revista espanola de quimioterapia: publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia 10/2007; 20(3):339-45. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare systemic antibiotic prescribing in the pediatric population of Castile and Leon in relation to urban or rural setting.
Data on non-hospital antibiotic consumption in the pediatric population were gathered from the database that processes the antibiotics billed in the Health Service of Castile and Leon. These data were analyzed according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) and the results were expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID).
Overall antibiotic consumption in the pediatric population was markedly higher in the rural setting (24.37 DID in rural areas vs. 19.54 DID in urban areas). Interannual variability was similar in both settings, with prescriptions reaching a peak in 2003. In the qualitative analysis, prescription of amoxicillin and, to a lesser extent, of cefixime and azithromycin was higher in rural areas. Differences in prescription in the urban and rural areas of the distinct health areas varied, the greatest differences being found in Segovia.
Wide quantitative and qualitative variability in antibiotic use was found between the various urban and rural zones of basic health areas. Although we suspected that the results for the urban setting would be underestimated due to the excessive use of emergency services, more detailed studies are required to better understand the determinants of antibiotic use in children.
Anales de Pediatría 09/2007; 67(2):139-44. · 0.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a disease with great sociosanitary impact. Since 1981, when the first cases of AIDS were described, more than 60 million people have become infected. During these 25 years there have been a lot of advances in the infection management and we know that prevention and early diagnosis are crucial. Family Physician s role is essential since this is a privileged point of global attention, counseling and support for these patients. The main objective is to reduce the new HIV infections incidence. In addition, other objectives are: primary prevention and health promotion, early diagnosis, recruitment infected patients, monitoring and end-of-life caring. It is important to know that all of us are susceptible to contract the virus and, although the HIV testing is voluntary, there are screening recommendations from the CDC: persons with signs or symptoms that suggest infection, pregnant women, persons at high risk for infection and all patients aged 13-64 years, as a part of routine clinical care. The communication of the result is a key point in the therapeutic relation. If it is negative we must make intervention on risk attitudes. If it is positive we must inform and support the patient, to convince him about the need to be followed up by an specialized level. The AIDS terminal patient is a very immunodeficient one and needs palliative cares like other terminal disease. Another challenge is prevention and control of HIV infection among the immigrant community. In conclusion, Family Physicians must investigate risk practices, inform, prevent new cases and, in the infected people, monitor the evolution, supporting and comforting.
Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain: 1984) 09/2007; 24(8):399-403.
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ABSTRACT: To analyze trends in antibiotic use among the pediatric population of Castile and León from 2001 to 2005.
The antibiotics prescribed to the pediatric population in primary care were processed using the CONCYLIA database. The technical unit of measurement was the defined daily dose (DDD) and the comparative indicator used was the DDD per 1000 inhabitants/day (DID).
Overall consumption was high (21.21 DID). Throughout the 5 years of the study we observed substantial variations, especially in 2005, the year in which consumption was highest (25.05 DID). The therapeutic subgroups most frequently prescribed were wide-spectrum penicillins (8.08 DID) and penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors (7.29 DID), followed by cephalosporins (2.81 DHD) and macrolides (2.52 DHD). The percentage of wide-spectrum penicillin prescription was higher than that of penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors between 2001 and 2002. These percentages were similar in 2003, and the percentage of wide-spectrum penicillin prescription was lower than that of penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors in the last 2 years of the study.
Marked differences in consumption were observed over the study period. Changes in patterns of use were found, with an increase in the use of penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors in the last 2 years of the study.
Anales de Pediatría 08/2007; 67(1):11-7. · 0.77 Impact Factor
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Anales de Pediatría 02/2007; 66(1):90-2. · 0.77 Impact Factor
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Revista espanola de quimioterapia: publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia 10/2006; 19(3):220-30. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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Anales de Pediatría 10/2006; 65(3):266-7. · 0.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections in adults is usually empirical, and use of urine culture is an exception. The choice of antibiotic is normally made based on the results of published case studies (positive urine cultures), which are used to determine the most probable etiology and likely antimicrobial susceptibility. The results of studies published in recent years were reviewed, detailing the differences in relation to the place of residence and characteristics of the patients, and any temporary trends. In lower urinary tract infections in patients without risk factors, treatment must mainly cover Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, in complicated urinary tract infections or in patients with risk factors, the available clinical epidemiological data do not provide for safe empirical choice of antibiotic without the use of urine culture. There has been a reduction in the susceptibility of E. coli to various antibiotics, and this shows wide geographic variations; the reduction in the activity of fluoroquinolones could limit its empirical use in the future.
Revista espanola de quimioterapia: publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia 07/2005; 18(2):124-35. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are immunomodulatory agents. These agents could develop a main role in patients with HIV infection. The aim of our study was to analyse the relation between polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and CD4 count in HIV infected patients.
Forty patients with HIV infections were enrolled. In all patients, the next variables were recorded; age, sex, drugs, anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, tricipital skinfold, midarm circumference, body mass index) and a biochemical evaluation (albumin, prealbumin, trasferrin, total proteins, total lymphocytes and CD4 count). A 3 day dietary intake questionnaire was performed, too.
The mean age was (24 males and 16 females) 37.6 +/- 9.4 years, mean weight 65.6 +/- 12.2 kg and body mass index 23.2 +/- 3.25. Anthropometric evaluation showed a mean tricipital skinfold of 15.1 +/- 5.3 mm, midarm circumference 27.5 +/- 3.1 cm. Caloric intake and macronutrient distribution were normal (carbohydrates 48%, proteins 18% and lipids 34%). Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was omega 3 (1.22 +/- 3.1 g/day) and omega 9 (31.5 +/- 11 g/day). Multivariante analysis, with CD4 count as a dependent variable, showed omega 3 intake as a independent variable (F = 6.2; p < 0.05), with an increase of 32 (IC95%: 9.86-52.14) CD4+ (count/uL) with each 1 g of omega 3 dietary intake adjusted by age, sex, and drugs.
In patients with HIV infection, dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids increase CD4 count.
Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain: 1984) 07/2005; 22(7):323-5.
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Atención Primaria 03/2005; 35(3):167-8. · 0.63 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Analysis of the variations of HIV-1 viral load (VL) in a cohort of patients.
A retrospective study was designed for the calculation and analysis of the differences between two consecutive measurements of VL in a cohort of 1,336 patients along a 48 months follow-up.
At the beginning of the follow-up period the highest proportion of patients with decreases of VL (54.2% in their first measurement, at 0-75 days) as well as the least proportion of patients both without changes (30.7%) and with increases of their VL (15.1%), were registered. The proportion of patients with decreases was declining along the study period. More than half of the patients did not experience significant variations in the measurements carried out.
The significant decreases of VL appeared in our series at the beginning of the follow-up period, and a growing proportion of individuals showed elevations of the VL along the period studied.
Revista Clínica Española 09/2004; 204(8):415-7. · 2.01 Impact Factor
