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Laura Celesti-Grapow,
Alessandro Alessandrini,
Pier Virgilio Arrigoni,
Enrico Banfi,
Liliana Bernardo,
Maurizio Bovio,
Giuseppe Antonio Domenico Brundu,
Mauro Roberto Cagiotti, Ignazio Camarda,
E. Carli, [......],
Pietro Mazzola,
Simonetta Peccenini,
Livio Poldini,
Francesca Pretto,
Filippo Prosser,
Consolata Siniscalco,
M. Villani,
Lucia Viegi,
Thomas Wilhalm,
Carlo Blasi
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ABSTRACT: In this paper we present a comprehensive inventory of the non-native vascular flora of Italy, which was produced within the project “A survey of the Italian non-native flora”, funded by the Italian Ministry for the Environment. Previously published floristic accounts were the main source of information. Historical records were critically revised and integrated with recent literature, data from herbaria and some unpublished information, so as to obtain a complete, up-to-date catalogue of the non-native vascular plant species that occur spontaneously in Italy. The inventory lists 1023 non-native species and subspecies, which account for 13.4% of all the Italian flora. The Italian non-native flora was divided, according to its residence time, into 103 archaeophytes and 920 neophytes. According to its current invasion status, it was classified into 437 casual (42.7% of all non-native) and 524 established taxa, the latter being divided into 361 naturalized non-invasive (35.3%) and 163 invasive taxa (15.9%). The inventory includes a group of 62 species (6.1%) that lack recent records (i.e. since 1950). By combining local expertise into a unified, nationwide scheme using a standardized method and terminology, the inventory provides the essential scientific basis for the development of plant invasion research and management in the country.
Plant Biosystems 01/2009; 143(2):386-430. · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Populus alba is a thermophilic forest tree present in the Mediterranean basin. Its habitat is highly fragmented and its distribution range has been subject to long-term human interference, resulting in debate surrounding whether certain populations are native or exotic in origin. In particular, populations from the islands of Corsica and Sardinia are of uncertain origin. While populations of P. alba mainly reproduce sexually, clonal reproduction is also common. The aims of this study were to locate and molecularly characterize the poorly studied island populations of P. alba and compare these with samples from various spatial scales, in order to provide information on the genetic structure and phylogeography of this species. This information will provide evidence on whether the species is native to Sardinia, which is important for the development of conservation strategies.
DNA extracts were obtained from the following P. alba trees: 159 from Sardinia, 47 from Ticino regional park (northern Italy), 15 acquired from an Italian Germoplasm Bank (IRC; Italian Reference Collection) and 28 from the Mediterranean basin (MB). Genetic polymorphisms were revealed at nuclear and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) microsatellite loci, both at the island scale (Sardinia) and at broader scales, for comparative assessment of the genetic and genotypic diversity and phylogeography.
Based on nuclear microsatellite loci, Sardinian white poplar consists of a small number of genets (26), each of which is represented by several ramets. Despite the uniqueness of the Sardinian haplotypes and the very low value of genetic diversity at the cpDNA level (vK = 0.15), the HT (0.60) and the AR (3.61) values, estimated at the nuclear level for Sardinia, were comparable with those of the other populations and collections.
The uniqueness of the cpDNA haplotypes, the prevalence of clonality and the restricted number of genets recorded suggest that Sardinian white poplar could be a floristic relict of the native flora of the island, which has spread through available habitats on the island mainly by means of vegetative propagation and human activities.
Annals of Botany 11/2008; 102(6):997-1006. · 4.03 Impact Factor
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Montserrat Vilà,
Akis-Stavros D Siamantziouras,
Giuseppe Antonio Domenico Brundu, Ignazio Camarda,
Philip Lambdon,
Frédéric Médail,
Eva Moragues,
Carey Meredith Suehs,
Anna Traveset,
Andreas Y Troumbis,
Philip E Hulme
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ABSTRACT: Although some invasive plants are cosmopolitan, not all ecosystems are invaded to the same degree. Yet there is little experimental work on how ecosystem resistance to invasion at the establishment phase differs among ecosystems. We conducted two field sowing experiments in two consecutive years to examine establishment of the deciduous tree Ailanthus altissima , the succulent subshrub Carpobrotus spp. and the annual geophyte Oxalis pes-caprae in coastal dunes, shrublands and oldfields in more than 200 sites across six Mediterranean Basin islands differing in climatic conditions and local species richness.
Establishment success (i.e. percentage of plots with at least one seedling) and rates (i.e. seedling to sown seed ratio) were low, especially for Ailanthus even when accounting for differences in seed viability. Oxalis was capable of producing a new cohort of seedlings the year following planting. By contrast, all Ailanthus seedlings and half the Carpobrotus seedlings died following the first summer. Differences in establishment success and rates among ecosystems were species-, island- and year-dependent.
Differences in precipitation and mean temperature were associated with differences in establishment rates across sites. Establishment rates tended to be positively correlated with cumulative precipitation and negatively with mean T<sup>a</sup>. Unexpectedly, native species richness was not a good predictor of seedling establishment, except for higher Oxalis establishment success in species rich habitats.
By conducting field sowing tests at multiple sites across a region we found that except for Oxalis, Mediterranean island ecosystems are quite resistant to invader establishment. These results suggest that differences in the degree of invasion between ecosystems and islands might be more dependent upon the influence of invasion event factors (e.g. propagule pressure) or factors acting at a later life-history stages rather than differences in the resistance imposed by ecosystems to invader recruitment. Moreover, our results support the notion that in Mediterranean ecosystems invasions are highly idiosyncratic events and strongly dependent on water availability conditions.
Diversity and Distributions 01/2008; 14(5):839-851. · 4.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A first inventory of the exotic flora of Chad has been compiled on the basis of the published literature, original distribution data collected by Global Positioning System field surveys (1999 to 2003), and plant exsiccata. A strictly geographical and conservative approach was adopted including only cultivated species and those with a native range separated from Chad territory. The reported aliens (131 taxa) represent approximately 6% of the total flora of the region (ca. 2,250 taxa). Most were introduced deliberately after 1823 (neophytes), from Central and tropical America. Agricultural weeds and ruderal species accounts for the 18%. Because source data may be underestimated, further assessments are proposed.
Weed Technology 01/2008; 18(1):1226-1231. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 1 Species attributes have been used to explain invasion patterns assuming the prevalence
of biological mechanisms, although this approach often suffers several methodological
and conceptual limitations, such as local idiosyncrasies, differences among habitats,
phylogenetic constraints and insufficient sample size.
2 The relative importance of 15 species traits for explaining the abundance over 350
naturalized alien plant species was assessed across five Mediterranean islands (Corsica,
Crete, Majorca, Malta and Sardinia). A comparative analysis accounting for phylogeny
was used to examine variation in semi-quantitative estimates of species abundance in
comparable habitats across the five island floras.
3 Species were divided into those with affinity for semi-natural, agricultural and ruderal
habitats. Both vegetative and reproductive attributes were evaluated for individual islands
and averaged across all islands.
4 Vegetative propagation, large leaf size, summer flowering, long flowering period and
dispersal by wind or vertebrates were positively associated with average alien abundance
across all five islands. Fewer significant trends were found in island-specific patterns.
5 The relative importance of a few reproductive traits is reflected in over-representation
of Caryophyllales, Asterales and Poales (late flowering, large seed size and anemochory).
Although significant covariation in traits was found there was no evidence for welldefined
invasive syndromes.
6 Succulence was important in ruderal habitats, long flowering period in agricultural
habitats and vertebrate seed dispersal in semi-natural habitats, suggesting that empty
niches, avoidance of competitors and exploitation of mutualists, respectively, are
important.
7 The study highlights the importance of estimating invasion success across a wide
region, but analyses of specific invasion stages are also needed. Reproductive traits,
which may be more relevant for long-distance colonization, and vegetative traits, which
determine local dominance and persistence, were, nevertheless, both related to abundance
within islands.
Journal of Ecology 03/2005; 93(3):512 - 520. · 4.69 Impact Factor
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Ignazio Camarda
Plant Biosystem. 01/1992; 126(2):145-157.
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ABSTRACT: This study takes into consideration the floristic eomponent of the area Pantaleo-
Gutturu Mannu-Punta Maxia, whieh extends over about 12.000 ha and is
situated in the southwestern part of Sardinia. The flora eonsists of 594 taxa
belonging to 338 genera and 90 families. The native eomponent is emphatised,
particularly the endemie one whieh is 6,2% of the totaI. The analysis of the life
forms spectrum reveals the dear dominance of therophytes which points out that
the area is a typical plein mediterranean environment; also the ehorological
speetrum shows 57% of mediterranean elements. FIoristic correlations with other
areas of Sardinia are given.
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ABSTRACT: Arbusti, suffrutici, liane e garighe configurano il paesaggio vegetale della Sardegna, soprattutto laddove le condizioni ambientali impediscono la vita agli alberi. Rupi, scogliere, pianori costieri e montani, litorali sabbiosi, lagune salmastre sono gli habitat in cui i piccoli arbusti e i suffrutici si trovano più facilmente, mentre le liane prediligono boschi, le siepi, gli alvei dei fiumi, i muri a secco. È di queste piante e del loro ambiente che si occupa il volume con l'intento di facilitarne il riconoscimento e di far apprezzare le loro caratteristiche, spesso poco note, ma interessanti e utili allo specialista e all'appassionato della natura.
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Ignazio Camarda
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ABSTRACT: Il capitolo illustra i caratteri e le peculiarità della flora delle aree montane della Sardegna: i fitoclimi e i diversi paesaggi vegetali.
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ABSTRACT: From the Pantaleo-M. Arcosu district (SW
Sardinia) 14 associations are described, 4 of them ( Phagnalo-Psoraleetum morisianae,
Helichryso-Teucrietum mari, Pistacio-Juniperetum oxycedri and OsmundoAlnetum
Glutinosae ) for the first time. Prevailing vegetation types in this area are
macchia-associations: in lower parts the Pistacio-Juniperetum oxycedri belonging to
the Oleo-Ceratonion , in the higher ones the Asplenio-Quercetum ilicis (Quercion
ilicis) a transiction belt, between about 400-700 m asI shows the Vibumo-Quercetum
ilicis . Up to the last century, the whole study-area was covered by a dense
evergreen mediterranean forest which has been modified and partially destroyed
by cutting, fire and intense pasture. Nowadays, due also to the protection actions
by regional forest authorithies, the woody species show an increasing vigour and
are prevailing again. These associations at present can be interpreted as climaxnear
vegetation types.
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Ignazio Camarda
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ABSTRACT: In this paper the author take into consideration the Flora of the calcareous mountain of Monte Albo (Sardinia); 659 entities which represent one third of the Sardinian Flora have been traced.
Enphasis about the relationships of the Flora of Monte Albo with the almost contigous calcareous areas of central-eastern Sardinia and also about the reach endemic component (48 species) is given.
Monotropa hypopitys , and Cuscuta brevistyla are reported for the first time in Sardinia.
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ABSTRACT: The Authors describe a new species of the genus Linaria Miller, endemic of Sardinia, named L. arcusangeli from the site of origin. The plant is perennial, woody at the base, multicaulis, with stems 20-60 cm
long, glabrous, leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, and racemes terminal, single, with few flowers; corolla 14-18
mm, pink-violet, with spur straight; capsule 5-6 mm, longer than calyx, with seeds rugulose-tubercolate. It
might be included in the sect. Repentes Valdés, where shows the greatest affinities to L. capraria Moris et De
Notaris. Biological, ecological, caryological ( 2n = 12) and phytogeographical notes of the species are also
described.
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Ignazio Camarda
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ABSTRACT: Le genre Carlina L. en Sardaigne est répresenté par Carlina macrocephala Moris, endémique des hautes
montagnes du centre-Sardaigne, de la Corse et des Apennins Toscans, C. corymbosa L. s.l. et C. lanata L.,
deux espèces sténo-méditerranéennes et par C. racemosa L., repandue dans le bassin occidentale de la
Méditerranée. De chaque espèce on a donné quelques remarques de charactère systématique, biologique,
écologique et son aire de répartition dans l'île.
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Ignazio Camarda
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ABSTRACT: Some ligneous plants, reported as indigenous in Sardinian flora, has been taken into consideration. Among them some have to be excluded from the list of Sardinian flora, others must to be considered introduced in Sardinia in recent times. Others plants, completely new, are reported.
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Ignazio Camarda
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Ignazio Camarda
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ABSTRACT: Si descrive il Berberis aetnensis , arbusto caducifoglio spinoso a ramificazione contorta, diffuso nelle alte montagne della Sardegna e della Corsica.
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Ignazio Camarda
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ABSTRACT: Si descrivono: Orobanche denudata , Orobanche rigens , Crocus minimus , geofite, e Ptychotis sardoa , emicriptofita rosulata.
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ABSTRACT: Inestimabile è il patrimonio botanico, naturalistico e paesaggistico della Sardegna. Questa pubblicazione vuole offrire una guida ad alcuni dei biotopi più rappresentativi dell'isola, attraverso immagini, cartine e grafici corredati da descrizioni su flora, fauna, caratteristiche geologiche e geografiche, insediamento umano. Le aree trattate comprendono biotopi costieri come stagni, dune, promontori, piccole isole, aree montuose.
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Ignazio Camarda
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ABSTRACT: Si descrive la Psoralea morisiana Pignatti et Metlesics, camefita cespitosa suffriticosa, pianta endemica diffusa in tutta la Sardegna.
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ABSTRACT: This paper takes into consideration the problem of minimal sample
area, as a preliminary phase for ecological vegetation studies
about Sardinian pastures. This study points out the
relationship between surface and relevés representativity, from
the quantitative and qualitative point of view. Minimal sample
area analysis and the subsequent comparison of the phytosociological
relevés highlight that, for a correct application of this
evalutation method, it is necessary to choose suitable area extentions
for different vegetational formations in order to reduce
operator subjectivity.
