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ABSTRACT: The present study was taken up to assess the role of subchronic exposure to an environmentally relevant dosage of cadmium in type l diabetes. Female rats of the Wistar strain were treated with cadmium (5.12 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days. On day 46, rats were made diabetic by alloxan. After 7 days, diabetes (i.e., animals with serum glucose greater than 300 mg/dL) in the alloxanized animals was confirmed and further experiments were conducted for 15 days. Cadmium pretreatment showed disturbed glucose homeostasis with attendant changes in carbohydrate metabolism, coupled with decrease in food and water intake. Disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism was indicated by altered tissue metabolite load, as marked by a decrease in protein and glycogen contents and increased cholesterol store. Poor glucose clearance subsequent to a glucose challenge under the glucose tolerance test was observed in these animals (0.48/min in control vs. 0.13/min in Cd animals). There was a significantly lower glucose elevation rate in the insulin response test subsequent to an insulin-induced decrease in glucose level in Cd-exposed animals. Elevated oxidative stress was marked by increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant (both nonenzymatic and enzymatic) levels, and serum markers of hepatic and renal damage. Decreased corticosterone levels, together with increased E2 and reduced P4 levels, were some of the hallmark changes in the serum hormone profile of Cd-exposed animals. Overall, the present results are novel and interesting to open more investigations on animal models of type 1 diabetes with a history of previous Cd exposure.
Drug and Chemical Toxicology 04/2012; 35(2):167-77. · 1.08 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study evaluates the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa L (BD) administered orally at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight for a period of 30 days to alloxanized diabetic rats and its efficacy compared with the standard hypoglycaemic drug metformin. Diabetic animals showed glycemic dysregulation, altered ionic balance, increased levels of serum markers of kidney function, and reduced Na+-K+ ATPase activity and endogenous antioxidant status. Administration of BD not only maintained the ionic balance and renal Na+-K+ ATPase activity but also significantly minimized diabetic hyperglycaemia. The renal antioxidant status (GPx, Catalase, SOD and GSH) remained in the near normal range and LPO level lower than the non-diabetic level. These effects are comparable to the changes brought about by metformin treatment and even better. Over all, the present study provides evidence for BD to be a potent renoprotective and antihyperglycaemic agent in diabetic animals.
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 01/2011; 8(1).
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ABSTRACT: Present study evaluates cardioprotective role of melatonin (Mel), alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a combination of melatonin and alpha lipoic acid (Mel + ALA) against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage. Female albino rats were subjected to 15-day exposure to Cd (5.12 mg/kg bw) alone or treated with ML (10 mg/kg bw) + ALA (25 mg/kg bw) simultaneously. Plasma markers of cardiac damage, cardiac free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidant status, cadmium load, metallothionein induction, and histopathology were evaluated in various experimental groups. Combination of Mel + ALA significantly prevented leakage of marker enzymes of cardiac damage, changes in cardiac free radical generation, endogenous antioxidants, antioxidant status, structural alterations and augmented the degree of metallothionein (MT) induction. The results demonstrate that ML + ALA co-administration effectively protected against Cd-induced cardiac oxidative damage.
Cardiovascular toxicology 11/2010; 11(1):78-88. · 2.56 Impact Factor
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Cardiovascular toxicology 11/2010; · 2.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Methanolic extracts of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb (P. marsupium) and Ocimum sanctum Linn (O. sanctum) were prepared separately and then administered to both non-diabetic and alloxan induced diabetic adult female Wistar rats as a mixture of both at a dosage of 500mg/kg body weight, and its effect was checked on serum and tissue lipids together with corticosterone, estrogen and progesterone profile. Further, tissue load of metabolites (cholesterol), enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status together with lipid peroxidation levels and serum markers of hepatic and renal damage were also assessed. Results of the present study strongly support the possibility of this herbal combination in humans to meet the objective of achieving a holistic amelioration and cure of diabetes as, the herbal extract mixture of P. marsupium and O. sanctum has succeeded in not only rectifying dyslipidemia but also in restoring the endogenous antioxidant levels to the pre diabetic status. Herbal preparations are ideal candidates of choice and in this context, the present combination of P. marsupium and O. sanctum provides compelling evidence for a holistic efficacy in amelioration of associated diabetic manifestations/dysregulations.
Experimental and toxicologic pathology: official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie 11/2010; 64(5):441-8. · 1.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study is a multi-dimensional approach aimed at assessing the efficacy of a polyherbal extract in combination with melatonin intake, as a safe natural anti-oxidant of the body, along with a regimen of swimming exercise. Adult albino rats were made diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg / kg body weight). Control and experimental animals were subjected to swimming exercise together with administration of melatonin and PE for a further duration of 15 days and, upon sacrifice, various parameters related to lipid metabolism, enzymic and non enzymic markers of oxidative stress and serum markers of hepatic and renal dysfunction were evaluated. Results revealed a differential response in the form of lowered tissue lipid and cholesterol load though with certain degree of renal oxidative stress and abnormal renal function and a marginally higher serum levels of cholesterol and lipid. In contrast to non-diabetic animals, diabetic ones were more sensitive to S+M+PE treatment schedule as marked by the significant depletion in tissue lipid and cholesterol contents as well as anti hypertriglyceridemic and hypercholesterolemic effects. The present study involving a combination therapy seems to cause some oxidative stress as marked by significant decrement in CAT and SOD activities of liver, muscle and kidney along with GSH depletion with no increase in LPO. Increase in serum Corticosterone level could be speculated to be contributor of oxidative stress. In conclusion it can be said that S+M+PE is an effective combination therapy exerting antilipidemic effects but with some incompetence in containing sub adaptive swimming exercise induced oxidative stress and hepatic and renal dysfunctions. A properly worked out intensity and duration dependent adaptive exercise schedule is likely to overcome these shortcomings. Such an exercise schedule needs to be then studied in conjunction with melatonin supplementation and PE treatment.
