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Kil-Nam Kim,
Young Min Ham,
Ji-Young Moon,
Min-Jin Kim,
Yong-Hwan Jung,
You-Jin Jeon,
Nam Ho Lee,
Nalae Kang,
Hye-Mi Yang,
Daekyung Kim, Chang-Gu Hyun
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ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the action of acanthoic acid (ACAN) from Acanthopanax koreanum (Araliaceae) against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cells. ACAN reduced the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. Possible mechanisms of ACAN-induced apoptosis were also examined. The results showed that ACAN-induced the phosphorylation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK (p38), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). A specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) significantly blocked ACAN-induced apoptosis and cell viability, whereas an ERK inhibitor (PD98059) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) had no effect. Moreover, ACAN induced the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and decreased the level of Bcl-xL, but these effects were inhibited by SB203580 pre-treatment. These results strongly suggest that ACAN may have cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic potential, due to its ability to activate the p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathways.
Food Chemistry 12/2012; 135(3):2112-7. · 3.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We examined the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) with different molecular weights (COS-A, 10 kDa < MW < 20 kDa; We examined the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) with different molecular weights (COS-A, 10 kDa < MW < 20 kDa;
COS-C, 1 kDa < MW < 3 kDa) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide and on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages. COS-A COS-C, 1 kDa < MW < 3 kDa) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide and on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages. COS-A
(0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) significantly inhibited PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated macrophages without cytotoxicity. The effect (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) significantly inhibited PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated macrophages without cytotoxicity. The effect
of COS-A and COS-C on COX-2 expression in activated macrophages was also investigated by immunoblotting. The inhibition of of COS-A and COS-C on COX-2 expression in activated macrophages was also investigated by immunoblotting. The inhibition of
PGE2 by COS-A and COS-C can be attributed to the blocking of COX-2 protein expression. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) also markedly PGE2 by COS-A and COS-C can be attributed to the blocking of COX-2 protein expression. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) also markedly
inhibited the LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells by 50.2% and 44.1%, respectively. The inhibition of NO by COSs inhibited the LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells by 50.2% and 44.1%, respectively. The inhibition of NO by COSs
was consistent with decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. To test the inhibitory effects was consistent with decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. To test the inhibitory effects
of COS-A and COS-C on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA assays for IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, of COS-A and COS-C on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA assays for IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells,
but only a dose-dependent decrease in the IL-1β production exerted by COS-A was observed. In order to test for irritation but only a dose-dependent decrease in the IL-1β production exerted by COS-A was observed. In order to test for irritation
and the potential sensitization of COS-A and COS-C for use as cosmetic materials, human skin primary irritation tests were and the potential sensitization of COS-A and COS-C for use as cosmetic materials, human skin primary irritation tests were
performed on 32 volunteers; no adverse reactions of COSs usage were observed. Based on these results, we suggest that COS-A performed on 32 volunteers; no adverse reactions of COSs usage were observed. Based on these results, we suggest that COS-A
and COS-C be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application. and COS-C be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.
Central European Journal of Biology 04/2012; 5(1):95-102. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this study, the chemical compositions and the anti-bacterial activities of hydrodistilled essential oils of the whole parts
ofPeucedanum japonicum and the immature fruits ofCitrus unshiu were investigated. The chemical constituents of theP. Japonicum (PJE) andCitrus unshiu (CuE) essential oils were further analyzed by GC-MS and their major components were β-pinene (66.07%) and limonene (77.93%),
respectively. The antibacterial activities of PJE and CuE against drug-susceptible and -resistant skin pathogens were also
examined. Anti-bacterial tests using the disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated
that PJE and CuE have excellent activities. The MIC of PJE against drug-susceptible and -resistant skin pathogens ranged from
0.13 to 5.0 μL/mL, whereas that of CuE ranged from 0.08 to 1.25 μL/mL. In addition, CuE reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced
secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that it has anti-inflammatory effects. These findings demonstrate
that PJE and CuE have great potential for use in promoting human skin health.
Annals of Microbiology 04/2012; 59(3):623-628. · 0.69 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: As part of our ongoing alternative medicine program, we have directed our attention toward the identification of edible seaweeds As part of our ongoing alternative medicine program, we have directed our attention toward the identification of edible seaweeds
in Korea. Here we report on the anti-inflammatory activities of Ecklonia stolonifera. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the pharmacological and biological effects of E. stolonifera extracts on the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The results indicate that the hexane fraction of E. stolonifera extract (ESH) is an effective inhibitor of lipopolysccharide (LPS)-induced NO, prostaglandin E2, and proinflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of ESH were accompanied by decreases in Korea. Here we report on the anti-inflammatory activities of Ecklonia stolonifera. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the pharmacological and biological effects of E. stolonifera extracts on the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The results indicate that the hexane fraction of E. stolonifera extract (ESH) is an effective inhibitor of lipopolysccharide (LPS)-induced NO, prostaglandin E2, and proinflammatory cytokine production in RAW 264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of ESH were accompanied by decreases
in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins. Furthermore, ESH inhibited the LPS-induced in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins. Furthermore, ESH inhibited the LPS-induced
phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, which is required for the nuclear translocations of the p50 and p65 nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) subunits in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results suggest that ESH might exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expressiond for the nuclear translocations of the p50 and p65 nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) subunits in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results suggest that ESH might exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression
of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such an effect is mediated by a blocking of NF-κB activation, which consequently inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. Through HPLC fingerprinting of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such an effect is mediated by a blocking of NF-κB activation, which consequently inhibits the generation of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. Through HPLC fingerprinting
of the E. stolonifera extract, the phloroglucinol was also identified and quantified as standard substance. Moreover, we tested of the E. stolonifera extract, the phloroglucinol was also identified and quantified as standard substance. Moreover, we tested
the potential application of E. stolonifera extract as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these assays, E. stolonifera extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that E. stolonifera extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application. the potential application of E. stolonifera extract as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these assays, E. stolonifera extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that E. stolonifera extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.
Key wordsCOX-2- Key wordsCOX-2-
Ecklonia stolonifera Ecklonia stolonifera
-Iκ-B-α -Iκ-B-α
-iNOS-inflammation-NF-κB-skin irritation -iNOS-inflammation-NF-κB-skin irritation
Biologia 04/2012; 65(2):362-371. · 0.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study was designed to investigate the mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity for the constituents isolated from Neolitsea aciculata. The stems of N. aciculata was extracted with aqueous ethanol and subjected to chromatographic separation, which led to the isolation of 11 compounds: methyl linoleate (1), catechin (2), epicatechin (3), afzelin-7-O-glucopyranoside (4), 2',3'-di-(p-coumaroyl)afzelin (5), 2'-p-coumaroylafzelin (6), feruloyl tyramine (7), β-sitosterol (8), daucosterol (9), oleic acid (10), and trilaurin (11). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies as well as by comparison with the data available in the literature. Among these isolates, compounds 5 and 6 were identified as potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors with IC(50) values of 0.067 and 0.080 mM, respectively. The inhibition kinetics, analysed by Lineweaver-Burk plots, indicated that compounds 5 and 6 are competitive tyrosinase inhibitors when using l-tyrosine as a substrate. Notably, compounds 1-11 were isolated for the first time from this plant. These results provide evidence that this plant might be a potential source of anti-melanogenesis agents.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 04/2012; · 1.62 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Twenty compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Distylium racemosum branches and their inhibitory activities on tyrosinase, elastase and free radicals evaluated. The isolated compounds were identified as dibenzofurans (1-4), abscisic acid (5), 6'-O-galloylsalidroside (6), catechin derivatives (7-11), gallic acid derivatives (12-14), tyrosol (15), flavonoids (16-18), lupeol (19) and 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose (20). For study of tyrosinase inhibition activities, when compared with arbutin (IC(50) 48.8 μg/mL), four compounds (8, 11, 13, 17) showed higher activities, with IC(50) values of 4.8, 30.2, 40.5 and 37.7 μg/mL, respectively. For the elastase inhibition test, dibenzofuran 1 showed greater activity than the positive control, oleanolic acid (IC(50) 9.7 μg/mL), with an IC(50) of 7.7 μg/mL. In the studies on DPPH radical scavenging activities, five compounds (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) showed higher activities than ascorbic acid (IC(50) 5.0 μg/mL), with IC(50) values of 4.6, 3.9, 2.9, 3.8 and 4.7 μg/mL, respectively.
Phytotherapy Research 10/2011; 25(10):1451-6. · 2.09 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study examined the chemical composition of Neolitsea aciculata essential oil (NAE) and its biological activities. NAE was obtained by hydro-distillation of N. aciculata leaves collected in Jeju Island and analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer detector. 1-Dodecen-3-yne (12.5%), calarene (11.5%) and elemol (9.5%) were identified as the major components of NAE. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of NAE against skin pathogens were examined to determine the protective properties against acne vulgaris. NAE exhibited moderate to strong antibacterial activity against drug-susceptible and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are known as acne-causing bacteria. In addition, NAE reduced the P. acnes-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in THP-1 cells, highlighting its anti-inflammatory effects. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of NAE also revealed moderate antioxidant properties (IC50, 21.3 microL/mL). Overall, NAE is an attractive candidate as an ingredient in skin care products.
Natural product communications 08/2011; 6(8):1193-8. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 3-O-p-Coumaroyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-O-β-D-gulcopyranosylpropanol (ESQ10) is a naturally occurring phenylpropanoid derivative isolated from Sasa quelpaertensis (Gramineae). In the present study, we discovered that ESQ10 inhibits nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. ESQ10 attenuated LPS-induced synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in parallel and inhibited LPS-induced interleukin-6 production, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the macrophages. The mechanism of the antiinflammatory action of ESQ10, i.e., suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, has been documented. However, ESQ10 could not influence LPS-mediated IκB-α degradation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun amino-terminal kinase phosphorylation at concentrations of up to 373 µM. To test the potential application of ESQ10 as a topical material, we also conducted a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on human HaCaT keratinocytes as well as human dermal fibroblast cells. In this assay, ESQ10 did not induce cytotoxicity. Taken together, the results suggest that ESQ10 may be considered an antiinflammatory candidate for treating inflammatory and skin diseases.
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 01/2011; 131(6):961-7. · 0.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activities of hydrodistilled essential oil from Neolitsea sericea leaves (NSE) have been investigated for the first time. The chemical constituents of NSE were analysed by GC-MS and found to include sericenine (32.3%), sabinene (21.0%), trans-beta-ocimene (13.3%), beta-caryophyllene (4.8%), and 4-terpineol (4.2%). The effects of NSE on nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were also examined. Pro-inflammatory cytokine and mediator tests indicated that NSE has excellent dose-dependent inhibitory activities. To further examine the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by NSE, we examined the effect of NSE on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). NSE inhibited NF-kappaB activation by LPS, and this was associated with the abrogation of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and subsequent decreases in nuclear p50 and p65 protein levels. Further, the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK was suppressed by NSE in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that NSE exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and MAPK phosphorylation, and, therefore, may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Natural product communications 08/2010; 5(8):1311-6. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Seaweed has been used in traditional cosmetics and as a herbal medicine in treatments for cough, boils, goiters, stomach ailments, and urinary diseases, and for reducing the incidence of tumors, ulcers, and headaches. Despite the fact that seaweeds are frequently used in the practice of human health, little is known about the role of seaweed in the context of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Jeju endemic seaweed on a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from 14 different kinds of Jeju seaweeds were screened for inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators. Our results revealed that extracts from five seaweeds, Laurencia okamurae, Grateloupia elliptica, Sargassum thunbergii, Gloiopeltis furcata, and Hizikia fusiformis, were potent inhibitors of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory effects and low cell toxicity of these seaweed extracts suggest potential therapeutic applications in the regulation of the inflammatory response.
Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B 05/2010; 11(5):315-22. · 1.10 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A number of essential oils from citrus peels are claimed to have biological activities. Citrus peel, called 'Jin-Pi', is used in traditional medicine for digestion, severe cold, and fever. However, the antibacterial activities against skin pathogens and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oils of Citrus sunki (JinGyul) and Fortunella japonica var. margarita (GumGyul) have not yet been described. Therefore, in this study, the essential oils of the citrus species C. sunki (CSE) and F. japonica var. margarita (FJE), both native to the island of Jeju, Korea, were examined for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities against skin pathogens. Four human skin pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis CCARM 3709, Propionibacterium acnes CCARM 0081, Malassezia furfur KCCM 12679, and Candida albicans KCCM 11282, were studied. CSE and FJE exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against most of the pathogenic bacteria and yeast strains that were tested. Interestingly, CSE and FJE even showed antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant S. epidermidis CCARM 3710, S. epidermidis CCARM 3711, P. acnes CCARM9009, and P. acnes CCARM9010 strains. In addition, CSE and FJE reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that they have anti-inflammatory effects. We also analysed the chemical composition of the oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and identified several major components, including dl-limonene (68.18%) and beta-myrcene (4.36%) for CSE, and dl-limonene (61.58%) and carvone (6.36%) for FJE. Taken together, these findings indicate that CSE and FJE have great potential to be used in human skin health applications.
Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 03/2010; 57(1):15-27. · 0.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The monoterpene D-limonene and its metabolites have been shown to exert chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects against different tumours in animal models and clinical trials. However, it is unknown whether these compounds modulate the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The present study was therefore designed to elucidate the pharmacological and biological effects of D-limonene on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The results indicate that D-limonene is an effective inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and prostaglandin E(2) production in RAW 264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of D-limonene included dose-dependent decreases in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of D-limonene on other cytokines, we also measured TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels in the cell supernatants of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In these assays, D-limonene decreased the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. To assess the suitability of D-limonene for cosmetic applications, we also performed 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on HaCaT keratinocytes. D-limonene did not display any cytotoxicity in these assays. From these results, we suggest that D-limonene may be considered a potential anti-inflammatory candidate.
Journal of oleo science 01/2010; 59(8):415-21. · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Melanogenesis is a well-known physiological response of human skin that may occur because of exposure to ultraviolet light, for genetic reasons, or due to other causes. In our efforts to find new skin lightening agents, palmitoleic acid was investigated for its ability to inhibit melanogenesis. In this study, palmitoleic acid's effect on melanin formation was assessed. Results indicated that palmitoleic acid was shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. To clarify the target of palmitoleic acid action in melanogenesis, we performed Western blotting for tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which are key melanogenic enzymes. Palmitoleic acid inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-2, and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner. However, it did not inhibit TRP-1 expression. In order to assess its usefulness in future cosmetic product applications, the cytotoxic effects of the palmitoleic acid were also determined by colourimetric MTT assays using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Palmitoleic acid exhibited no cytotoxicity at 500 muM in a human cell line. Therefore, this study suggests that palmitoleic acid is a candidate anti-melanogenic agent, and it might be effective in hyperpigmentation disorders.
Journal of oleo science 01/2010; 59(6):315-9. · 1.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The Acanthopanax koreanum fruit is a popular fruit in Jeju Island, but the byproducts of the alcoholic beverage prepared using this fruit are major agricultural wastes. The fermentability of this waste causes many economic and environmental problems. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of using A. koreanum fruit waste (AFW) as a source of antiinflammatory agents. AFWs were extracted with 80% EtOH. The ethanolic extract was then successively partitioned with hexane, CH(2)Cl(2), EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the CH(2)Cl(2) fraction (100 microg/mL) of AFW inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in RAW 264.7 cells by 79.6% and 39.7%, respectively. These inhibitory effects of the CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of AFWs were accompanied by decreases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in a dose-dependent pattern. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of AFWs also prevented degradation of IkappaB-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. Ursolic acid was identified as major compound present in AFW, and CH(2)Cl(2) extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore using pure ursolic acid as standard and by HPLC, AFW and CH(2)Cl(2) extracts was found to contain 1.58 mg/g and 1.75 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, we tested the potential application of AFW extracts as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these tests, AFW extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that AFW extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.
Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 01/2010; 2010:715739. · 2.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study was designed to elucidate the pharmacological and biological effects of Sargassum muticum extracts on the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. S. muticum was extracted with 80% EtOH. The extract was then successively partitioned with n-hexane, CH 2 Cl 2 , EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the CH 2 Cl 2 fraction of S. muticum extract was an effective inhibitor of LPS-induced NO and PGE 2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of the CH 2 Cl 2 fraction of S. muticum included dose-dependent decreases in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA. To test the inhibitory effects of S. muticum fractions on other cytokines, we also measured IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression by RT-PCR in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In these assays, the CH 2 Cl 2 fraction of S. muticum decreased the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, we suggest that S. muticum extracts may be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for human health. Kahverengi alg Sargassum muticum RAW 264,7 makrofaj hücrelerindeki iltihaba sebep olan sitokinler, iNOS ve COX-2 ekspresyonunu engeller Özet: Bu çalışma makrofajlardaki iltihap iyileştiricilerin üretimi üzerine Sargassum muticum özütünün farmakolojik ve biyolojik etkilerini aydınlatmak için tasarlanmıştır. S. muticum % 80 EtOH ile özütlenmiştir. Özüt daha sonra n-hekzan, CH 2 Cl 2 , EtOAc, BuOH ile başarılı bir şekilde bölünmüştür. Sonuçlar S. muticum özütünün CH 2 Cl 2 kısmının RAW 264,7 hücrelerindeki PGE 2 üretimi ve NO indükleyici LPS'nin etkili bir inhibitör olduğunu göstermiştir. S. muticum'un CH 2 Cl 2 kısmının bu inhibitör etkisi iNOS ve COX-2 proteinlerinin ifadesinde ve iNOS ve COX-2 mRNA'larında doza bağlı düşüş göstermiştir. S. muticum'un diğer sitokinlere olan inhibitör etkisini test etmek için, LPS ile uyarılmış RAW 264,7 makrofaj hücrelerinde IL-1β ve IL-6 mRNA ifadesi de RT-PCR ile ölçülmüştür. Bu denemelerde, S. muticum' un CH 2 Cl 2 kısmı doza bağlı bir şekilde IL-1β ve IL-6 mRNA ifadesini azalttı. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak, S. muticum özütünün insan sağlığı için olası bir enfeksiyon giderici bir aday olarak düşünülebileceğini önermekteyiz.
Turk J Biol. 01/2010; 34:25-34.
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ABSTRACT: Nitric oxide (NO) produced in large amounts by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed during septic shock and inflammation. Thus, inhibitors of iNOS may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. In this study, we prepared alcoholic extracts of Jeju plants and screened them for their inhibitory activity against NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Among the 260 kinds of plant extract tested, 122 extracts showed potent inhibitory activity towards NO production by more than 25% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Plants such as Malus sieboldii, Vaccinium oldhamii, Corylus hallaisanensis, Carpinus laxiflora, Styrax obassia, and Securinega suffruticosa showed the most potent inhibition (above 70%) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts were determined by colorimetric MTT assays and most plant extracts exhibited only moderate cytotoxicity at 100 µg/mL. Therefore, these plants should be considered promising candidates for the further purification of bioactive compounds and would be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanying overproduction of NO.
Interdisciplinary toxicology 12/2009; 2(4):245-9.
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ABSTRACT: The essential oil of air-dried Illicium anisatum (Illiciaceae), obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-two components were identified in the essential oil and the main component was eucalyptol (21.8 %). The antioxidant and anti-elastase activities of the essential oil were also investigated; the essential oil exhibited moderate DPPH scavenging and anti-elastase activities. To clarify the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activities of I. anisatum essential oil (IAE), we evaluated whether it could modulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by activated macrophages. The results indicate that IAE is an effective inhibitor of LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. These inhibitory activities were accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA. In order to determine whether IAE can be safely applied to human skin, the cytotoxic effects of IAE were determined by colorimetric MTT assays in human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte HaCaT cells. IAE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 100 microg mL-1. Based on these results, we suggest that IAE may be considered an anti-aging and anti-inflammatory candidate for cosmetic materials, but additional in vitro and in vivo tests have to be performed to prove its safety and efficacy.
Acta Pharmaceutica 09/2009; 59(3):289-300. · 0.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We elucidated the pharmacological and biological effects of Oenothera laciniata extracts on the production of inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of O. laciniata extract effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO, PGE(2), and proinflammatory cytokine production in RAW264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of the CH(2)Cl(2) fraction of O. laciniata were accompanied by decreases in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins and iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA. Asiatic acid and quercetin were present in the HPLC fingerprint of the O. laciniata extract. We tested the potential application of O. laciniata extract as a cosmetic material by performing primary skin irritation tests. In New Zealand white rabbits, primary irritation tests revealed that application of O. laciniata extracts (1%) did not induce erythema or edema formation. Human skin primary irritation tests were performed on the normal skin (upper back) of 30 volunteers to determine if any material in O. laciniata extracts had irritation or sensitization potential. In these assays, O. laciniata extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that O. laciniata extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 05/2009; 107(4):429-38. · 1.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Since acne vulgaris is the combined result of a bacterial infection and the inflammatory response to that infection, we examined whether Abies koreana essential oil (AKE) possessed anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities against skin pathogens. In this study, AKE showed excellent antibacterial activities against drug-susceptible and -resistant Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are acne-causing bacteria. In addition, AKE reduced the LPS-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, NO and PGE(2) in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that it has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we suggest that AKE may be an attractive candidate for promoting skin health.
Lipids 05/2009; 44(5):471-6. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 03/2009; 55(1):63-8. · 0.98 Impact Factor
