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ABSTRACT: The authors quantified the prevalence of migraine in subjects with mental disorders, first-degree relatives and the adult general population (GP) in Mérida, Venezuela. After validation, a modified, short version of the Lipton's diagnostic scale was administered to consecutively admitted in- and out-patients (n = 1059), their first-degree relatives (n = 445) and a probabilistic sample of the GP (n = 516). In the GP, the frequency of migraine (percentage and 95% confidence interval) was 14.9 (11.8-17.9). The migraine frequencies were (percentage and odd ratio probability against the GP: bipolar disorder (15.7%, p = 0.5), schizophrenia (8.3%, p = 0.08), depression and dysthimia (24.4%, p = 0.2), anxiety disorders (10.0%, p = 0.02), personality disorders (11.4%, p = 0.15), all other disorders (15.5%, p = 0.4), relatives of bipolar patients (4.4%, p < 0.001), relatives of schizophrenia patients (3.5%, p = 0.003), and relatives of patients with all other mental disorders (12.8%, p = 0.4). Migraine was more common in women (p < 0.001), and the bipolar patients presented the highest female to male ratio (8:1). A high variability was observed in migraine prevalence among the diagnostic categories, but it was particularly high in subjects with affective disorders, mainly in women, who thus deserve special attention from clinicians.
Investigación clínica 03/2012; 53(1):38-51.
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Trino Baptista, Ana Serrano,
Euderruh Uzcátegui,
Yamily ElFakih,
Nairy Rangel,
Edgardo Carrizo,
Virginia Fernández,
Lisette Connell,
Enma Araujo de Baptista,
Segundo Quiroz,
Marycelvia Uzcátegui,
Juana Rondón,
Yimber Matos,
Lilia Uzcátegui,
Roald Gómez,
Lenin Valery,
Darío Novoa-Montero
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ABSTRACT: Few studies on the association between atypical antipsychotic drug (AAP) administration and metabolic dysfunction have concurrently evaluated the general population (GP), other psychotropic drug treatments and drug-free psychiatric patients.
We assessed the frequency of the metabolic syndrome (MS) according to the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria (NCEP) and its constituting variables in a GP sample (n=271) and in patients receiving, for at least three consecutive months, antiepileptic drugs (n=93), olanzapine (n=162), clozapine (n=105), typical antipsychotics (n=117), other AAP (n=58), other psychotropic drugs (n=185), and drug-free individuals (n=636). Subjects were clinically classified as schizophrenia, bipolar or other axis I disorders (DSM-IV-RT), and as first-degree relatives of each diagnostic group.
The MS was detected in 26.6% of the GP (95% confidence interval: 21.5-31.8). No diagnostic or treatment group had a significantly higher age-adjusted frequency than the GP (p>0.05). Treatment duration did not significantly affect the results. However, significant differences were observed in the frequency of abnormal MS constituting variables in comparison to the GP. For example, schizophrenia patients and their relatives, bipolar subjects and olanzapine- and clozapine-treated patients had higher abnormal waist circumference values. In addition, bipolar patients and their relatives and subjects treated with olanzapine and other AAPs had higher frequencies of abnormal glucose levels. Neither schizophrenia nor bipolar patients in the diagnostic categories nor the olanzapine or the clozapine groups displayed higher proportions of abnormal triglycerides, high density cholesterol or blood pressure levels than the GP.
While we did not demonstrate an increased frequency of the MS in AAP-treated subjects, our results confirm that specific metabolic variables must be monitored in psychiatric patients. Besides they stress the importance, in epidemiological studies, of concurrently comparing the figures recorded in AAP-treated patients with those obtained in the local GP, other drug treatment groups and drug-free subjects when referring to the magnitude of the metabolic effects of specific antipsychotic agents.
Biological Psychiatry 11/2010; 126(1-3):93-102. · 8.28 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Leptin dysregulation has been implicated in the body weight gain and metabolic dysfunction observed with the second generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAD) olanzapine and clozapine.
This study quantified the frequency of subjects with abnormal correlation between leptin and the body mass index controlling for gender (defined as being out of the upper or lower 95% confidence interval in the regression line when combining each group with the drug-free subjects) after prolonged treatment with olanzapine (n=126), clozapine (n=62), first generation antiypsychotics (n=91), other SGAD (n=22), other psychotropic drugs (n=65) and drug-free subjects (n=229).
None of the analysis was significant (p>0.05). In fact, in 17 out of 20 comparisons, the drug-free group had numerically higher frequencies of outliers than the corresponding treatment group. There were 28 outliers (4.7% of the total sample). In agreement with previous studies, cross-sectional analysis did not report gross alterations in serum leptin levels during olanzapine or clozapine administration.
Longitudinal studies should focus on leptin regulation early on treatment, on the frequency of abnormal leptin receptor sensitivity and/or specific polymorphisms in the leptin allele and on several confounding factors in order to design personalized preventive and therapeutic measures.
Schizophrenia Research 10/2008; 106(2-3):315-9. · 4.75 Impact Factor
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Trino Baptista,
Nairy Rangel,
Virginia Fernández,
Edgardo Carrizo,
Yamily El Fakih,
Euderruh Uzcátegui,
Tatiana Galeazzi,
María A Gutiérrez,
Mercedes Servigna,
Adriana Dávila,
Marycelvia Uzcátegui, Ana Serrano,
Lisette Connell,
Serge Beaulieu,
Enma Araujo de Baptista
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ABSTRACT: Excessive body weight gain (BWG) is a clinically relevant side effect of olanzapine administration. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether metformin prevents or reverses BWG in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder under olanzapine administration. Secondarily we evaluated diverse metabolic variables.
Eighty patients taking olanzapine (5-20 mg daily for more than 4 consecutive months) were randomly allocated to metformin (n=40; 850 to 2550 mg daily) or placebo (n=40) group in a 12-week double-blind protocol. Waist circumference (WC) body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (Hb1c), insulin, an insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) lipids, leptin, c-reactive protein, fibrinogen, cortisol and the growth hormone (GH) were evaluated at baseline and at week 12 of treatment.
The metformin group lost 1.4+/-3.2 kg (p=0.01) and tended to decrease its leptin levels, whereas the placebo group maintained a stable weight: -0.18+/-2.8 kg (p=0.7). The HOMA-IR significantly increased after placebo (p=0.006) and did not change after metformin (p=0.8). No ostensible differences were observed in the other variables, even though metformin did not improve the lipid profile and the Hb1c levels.
Metformin may safely assist olanzapine-treated patients in body weight and carbohydrate metabolism control.
Schizophrenia Research 08/2007; 93(1-3):99-108. · 4.75 Impact Factor
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Trino Baptista,
Jessan Martínez,
Anny Lacruz,
Nairy Rangel,
Serge Beaulieu, Ana Serrano,
Yinet Arapé,
Maritza Martinez,
Soaira de Mendoza,
Luis Teneud,
Luis Hernández
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ABSTRACT: To assess whether metformin prevents body weight gain (BWG) and metabolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia who are treated with olanzapine.
Forty patients taking olanzapine (10 mg daily) were randomly allocated to a metformin (n = 20; 850 to 1700 mg daily) or placebo (n = 20) group in a 14-week double-blind study. Waist circumference (WC), BWG, body mass index (BMI) fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were evaluated at baseline and at Weeks 7 and 14 of treatment.
At Week 14, BWG (kg) was similar in the metformin group (5.5 kg) and the placebo group (6.3 kg), P = 0.4. There were no differences between the changes in BMI, WC, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and plasma lipid levels observed in the treatment group and the placebo group; however, glucose levels decreased significantly after metformin administration (P = 0.02). The HOMA-IR decreased significantly in both groups, but 3 subjects from the placebo group developed fasting glucose levels greater than 5 mmol/L. After taking metformin, triglyceride levels increased, but the cholesterol profile improved significantly.
Metformin did not prevent olanzapine-induced BWG. While some lipid parameters worsened during placebo, the HOMA-IR improved in both the placebo and the metformin groups. Carbohydrate metabolism impairment was not systematically observed during short-term olanzapine administration.
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie 04/2006; 51(3):192-6. · 2.42 Impact Factor
