-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of indocyanine
green as a sensitizer for both photodynamic and
radiation therapy in the DFW human melanoma cell
line. The cells were incubated with indocyanine green at
different concentrations for 24 hours and then exposed
in independent treatment groups to non-coherent light
at different fluence rates and X-ray ionizing radiation at
different dose rates. In addition, the combined effects of
this chemo-, photo-, and radiotherapy were evaluated
using the MTT assay. The results showed that indocyanine
green had no significant cytotoxic effects at concentrations
up to 100 μM. However, when the compound was used
as a photosensitizer, it had a strong cytotoxic effect on
cancer cells. No radiosensitizing activity was detected.
Surprisingly, treatment with 50 μM indocyanine green in
combination with 30 J/cm2 light and 4 Gy X-ray radiation
reduced the percentage of viable cancer cells to 1.22%.
The inclusion of the photosensitizer with the low dose of
radiation and reduced light fluence rate therefore yielded
the same treatment efficacy as more toxic, high-dose
radiation and light therapies.
Journal of Experimental Therapeutics and Oncology 04/2013;
-
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objectives Acoustic cavitation can be fatal to cells and is used to destroy cancerous tumors. The particles in a liquid decrease the ultrasonic intensity threshold needed for onset of cavitation. Bubble generation from intense pulsed light-irradiated gold nanoparticles was investigated as a means of providing nucleation sites for acoustic cavitation in cancer tissues. Methods This study was conducted on colon carcinoma tumors in BALB/c mice. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 7 groups (each containing 15 mice): (1) control, (2) gold nanoparticles, (3) intense pulsed light irradiation, (4) intense pulsed light + gold nanoparticles, (5) ultrasound alone, (6) ultrasound + gold nanoparticles, and (7) intense pulsed light + ultrasound + gold nanoparticles. In the respective groups, gold nanoparticles were injected into tumors. Intense pulsed light and ultrasound irradiation were performed on the tumors 24 hours after injection. Antitumor effects were estimated by evaluation of the relative tumor volume, doubling time, and 5-folding time for tumors after treatment. The cumulative survival fraction of the mice and percentage of the lost tissue volume (treated) were also assessed in different groups. Results A significant difference in the average relative tumor volumes 15 days after treatment was found between the intense pulsed light + ultrasound + gold nanoparticle group and the other groups (P < .05). The longest doubling and 5-folding times were observed in the intense pulsed light + ultrasound + gold nanoparticles and ultrasound + gold nanoparticle groups. Conclusions Acoustic cavitation in the presence of gold nanoparticles and intense pulsed light has been introduced as a new way for improving therapeutic effects on tumors by reducing the relative tumor volume and increasing the cumulative survival fraction.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 03/2013; 32(3):475-83. · 1.25 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of mitoxantrone (MX) as a sensitizer following combined treatment with ionizing radiation and photodynamic therapy in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cells were incubated with MX at different concentrations for 90min and exposed to different fluence rates of non-coherent light and different dose rates of ionizing X-ray radiation in independent treatment groups. Additionally, the combined effects of chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy were evaluated. The percent cell survival was investigated using the MTT assay. MX acted as both a photosensitizer and radiosensitizer. Furthermore, the use of 1μM MX in combination with PDT at 10J/Cm and 4Gy of X-ray radiation strongly resulted in the death of cancer cells and reduced the percentage of viable cancer cells to 2.4±1.15. Our data demonstrated that the adverse effects of MX in combination with radiotherapy were partially abated, without a reduction in the efficacy of treatment. This new therapeutic avenue for breast cancer therapy merits further investigation using in vivo models for application in humans.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 02/2013; 10(1):72-8. · 2.52 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of mitoxantrone (MX), an antitumor agent, as a sensitizer to both photodynamic and radiation therapy in DFW human melanoma cells. Cells were incubated with MX at different concentrations for 90 min and then exposed to non-coherent light at different fluence rates and/or X-ray ionizing radiation at different dose rates. Combinatorial effects of this chemo-, photo-, and radiotherapy were also evaluated. MX had no significant effects on viability at moderate doses but had a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells when used as a photosensitizer. MX also acted as a potent radiosensitizer. We observed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability in cells exposed to MX in combination with phototherapy and radiotherapy. Strong synergistic effects were observed for combinations of two or more treatment methods, which, in some cases, induced complete cell death. Thus, a combination of ionizing radiation with MX-mediated photodynamic therapy could serve as a new method for cancer therapy with fewer adverse side effects.
Lasers in Medical Science 02/2013; · 2.00 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of mitoxantrone (MX), an antitumor agent, as a sensitizer to both photody-namic and radiation therapy in DFW human melanoma cells. Cells were incubated with MX at different concentra-tions for 90 min and then exposed to non-coherent light at different fluence rates and/or X-ray ionizing radiation at different dose rates. Combinatorial effects of this chemo-, photo-, and radiotherapy were also evaluated. MX had no significant effects on viability at moderate doses but had a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells when used as a photosensitizer. MX also acted as a potent radiosensitizer. We observed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability in cells exposed to MX in combination with phototherapy and radiotherapy. Strong synergistic effects were observed for combinations of two or more treatment methods, which, in some cases, induced complete cell death. Thus, a combi-nation of ionizing radiation with MX-mediated photody-namic therapy could serve as a new method for cancer therapy with fewer adverse side effects.
Lasers in Medical Science 02/2013; · 2.00 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease which is endemic in some parts of the world. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown azithromycin efficacy on some Leishmania species. Because of structural similarity between clarithromycin and azithromycin and efficacy of clarithromycin against intracellular organisms and due to the absence of previous studies in this respect, we decided to evaluate the efficacy of clarithromycin against promastigotes of L. major in vitro.
First, liposomal and non- liposomal clarithromycin were prepared, then both forms of the drug were incubated with promastigotes for 24 hr in NNN culture media without red phenol in the presence of 5% FCS with different concentrations as follows: 20, 40, 80, 100, 200 and 500 µg/ml.
According to the results, clarithromycin in both liposomal and non- liposomal forms has in vitro activity against the promastigotes of L. major. The concentration of drug that killed 50% of parasites (ED 50) was 169 and 253.6 µg/ml for liposomal and non- liposomal forms, respectively which shows that lower concentrations of liposomal drug are required to have the same effect as non- liposomal drug and the liposomal form of the drug is more effective than non- liposomal form.
Clarithromycin in both liposomal and non- liposomal forms has in vitro activity against the promastigotes of L. major.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Science 11/2012; 15(6):1210-4. · 0.32 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The particles in a liquid decrease the ultrasonic intensity threshold required for cavitation onset. In this study, a new nanoconjugate composed of Protoporphyrin IX and gold nanoparticles (Au-PpIX) was used as a nucleation site for cavitation. The nonradiative relaxation time of Protoporphyrin IX in the presence of gold nanoparticles is longer than the similar time without gold nanoparticles. The acoustic cavitation activity was investigated via recording of the integrated sonoluminescence signal in the wavelength range of 220-700nm in a gel phantom by a cooled charge coupled device (CCD) at different intensities of 1MHz ultrasound. In order to confirm these results, a chemical dosimetric method was utilized, too. The recorded sonoluminescence signal in the gel phantom containing Au-PpIX was higher than the other phantoms. These records have been confirmed by the chemical dosimetric data. Therefore, we anticipate that a new nanoconjugate composed of Protoporphyrin IX and gold nanoparticles can act as an efficient sonoluminescence agent and could be introduced as a novel sonosensitizer for sonodynamic therapy.
Ultrasonics 04/2012; · 1.84 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of indocyanine green as a sensitizer in both photodynamic and radiation therapy on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells line. The cells were incubated with indocyanine green at different concentrations for 24h and were then exposed in the independent treatment groups to a non-coherent light at different fluence rates and X-ray ionizing radiation at different dose rates. In addition, combination effects of this chemo, photo, and radiotherapy were evaluated. The percentage of the cell survival was investigated using the MTT assay. The results showed that indocyanine green had no significant cytotoxic effects up to 100 μM but as a photosensitizer had a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Despite, indocyanine green could not act as a radiosensitizer. Furthermore, it is surprising to find that 50 μM of indocyanine green in combination with light at 60 J/cm(2) and 4 Gy of X-ray radiation astonishingly killed cancer cells and reduced the percentage of viable cancer cells to be 3.42%. According to the findings, we observed the same efficacy of treatment by adding a low dose of radiation and reducing light fluence rate. In fact, it appears from our data that the adverse effects of photodynamic therapy can be partially abated without reducing the efficacy of treatment. Obviously, this new therapeutic avenue in breast cancer therapy could be worth further investigation and elucidation and should be tested in vivo models for being applied in human therapy.
Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 04/2012; 109:42-9. · 1.87 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Photodynamic therapy has the potential to become an effective alternate to surgery for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, there has been a focus on identifying more effective and less toxic photosentisizers for use in photodynamic therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mitoxantrone, a chemotherapeutic agent, as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxicity was evaluated for different concentrations of mitoxantrone, and photosensitivity was assessed using a non-coherent light source. The percentage of the cell survival after 24 h was investigated using the MTT assay. Overall, the results showed that mitoxantrone is a remarkably efficient photosensitizer that could mediate MCF-7 cell death at a low concentration (5 μM) with modest exposure to light. It is surprising to find that a chemotherapeutic agent can be an effective photosensitizer for PDT in vitro.
Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy 03/2012; 9(1):46-51.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Photodynamic therapy has the potential to become an effective alternate to surgery for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, there has been a focus on identifying more effective and less toxic photosentisizers for use in photodynamic therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mitoxantrone, a chemotherapeutic agent, as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cytotoxicity was evaluated for different concentrations of mitoxantrone, and photosensitivity was assessed using a non-coherent light source. The percentage of the cell survival after 24 h was investigated using the MTT assay. Overall, the results showed that mitoxantrone is a remarkably efficient photosensitizer that could mediate MCF-7 cell death at a low concentration (5 μM) with modest exposure to light. It is surprising to find that a chemotherapeutic agent can be an effective photosensitizer for PDT in vitro.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 01/2012; · 2.52 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of indocyanine green as a sensitizer in both photody- 26
namic and radiation therapy on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells line. The cells were incubated with 27
indocyanine green at different concentrations for 24 h and were then exposed in the independent treat- 28
ment groups to a non-coherent light at different fluence rates and X-ray ionizing radiation at different 29
dose rates. In addition, combination effects of this chemo, photo, and radiotherapy were evaluated. 30
The percentage of the cell survival was investigated using the MTT assay. The results showed that 31
indocyanine green had no significant cytotoxic effects up to 100 lM but as a photosensitizer had a strong 32
cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Despite, indocyanine green could not act as a radiosensitizer. Further- 33
more, it is surprising to find that 50 lM of indocyanine green in combination with light at 60 J/cm2 34
and 4 Gy of X-ray radiation astonishingly killed cancer cells and reduced the percentage of viable cancer 35
cells to be 3.42%. According to the findings, we observed the same efficacy of treatment by adding a low 36
dose of radiation and reducing light fluence rate. In fact, it appears from our data that the adverse effects 37
of photodynamic therapy can be partially abated without reducing the efficacy of treatment. Obviously, 38
this new therapeutic avenue in breast cancer therapy could be worth further investigation and elucida- 39
tion and should be tested in vivo models for being applied in human therapy.
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology 01/2012; · 2.81 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Sonodynamic therapy is a physical treatment which utilizes ultrasound waves with an appropriate sensitizer such as protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The activation of sensitizer depends on cavitation, and therefore, high intensity ultrasound is an important necessity. Beside, high intensity ultrasound can induce side effects on the healthy tissues which have surrounded tumor. The particles in a liquid decrease the ultrasonic intensity threshold needed for onset of cavitation. The non-radiative relaxation time of PpIX in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNP) is longer than the similar time without GNP.
This study was conducted on colon carcinoma tumor in BALB/c mice. The tumors were induced by subcutaneous injection of CT26 cells. Ultrasound irradiation were performed on tumors 24 hr after the injection of PpIX into GNPs. Antitumor effects were estimated by measuring tumor relative volume, doubling time and time being five times of the tumors and by calculating the average survival time of tumor-bearing mice after treatment.
There is no inhibitory effect in control group. Ultrasound irradiation alone showed a slight antitumor effect which was enhanced by ultrasound plus PpIX (SDT). The synergistic inhibitory effect was significant when ultrasound plus PpIX was conjugated to GNPs.
Our experiments suggested a significant synergistic effect of ultrasound combined with Au-PpIX that reduced tumor relative volume and increased average animal survival fraction. This effect was obviously stronger than ultrasound alone and synergistic effect of ultrasound combined with PpIX.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Science 01/2012; 15(2):759-767. · 0.32 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The particles in a liquid decrease the ultrasonic intensity threshold needed for cavitation onset. In this study, a new nanoconjugate composed of protoporphyrin IX and gold nanoparticles was used as a nucleation site for cavitation. The nonradiative relaxation time of protoporphyrin IX in the presence of gold nanoparticles is longer than the similar time without gold nanoparticles.
This study was conducted on colon carcinoma tumors in BALB/c mice. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (each containing 15 mice): (1) control, (2) protoporphyrin IX, (3) gold nanoparticle-protoporphyrin IX conjugate, (4) ultrasound alone, (5) ultrasound + protoporphyrin IX, and (6) ultrasound + gold nanoparticle-protoporphyrin IX conjugate. In the respective groups as indicated above, protoporphyrin IX or the gold nanoparticle-protoporphyrin IX conjugate was injected into the tumors. Ultrasound irradiation was performed on the tumors 24 hours after injection. Antitumor effects were estimated by evaluation of the relative tumor volume, doubling time, and 5-folding time for the tumors after treatment. The cumulative survival fraction of the mice and percentage of the lost tissue volume (treated) were also assessed in the different groups.
A significant difference in the average relative volumes of the tumors 13 days after treatment was found between the ultrasound + gold nanoparticle-protoporphyrin IX group and the other groups (P < .05). The longest doubling and 5-folding times were observed in the ultrasound + gold nanoparticle-protoporphyrin IX and ultrasound + protoporphyrin IX groups.
Protoporphyrin IX conjugated to gold nanoparticles has been introduced as a promising compound and a new sonosensitizer for improving the tumor response to sonodynamic therapy by reducing the relative tumor volume and increasing the cumulative survival fraction.
Journal of ultrasound in medicine: official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 10/2011; 30(10):1321-9. · 1.25 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study aims to compare the continuous irradiation with fractionated irradiation for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of solid tumors with intraperitoneally administered 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA). Therefore, considering the complex physiology of solid tumors and in order to inform simulations well, we did experiments on Balb/c mice using non-invasive fluorescence spectroscopy to have a feedback of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) concentration in tumor just before irradiation and during treatment. PDT simulations were performed based on delivery of 36 J cm(-2) total laser energy (630 nm) at the fluence rate of 40 mW cm(-2) either for continuous or fractionated illumination. Based on the calculated amounts of (1)O(2) dose deposition and comparing these amounts with the 5 × 10 (18) molecules cm(-3) threshold of reacting (1)O(2), simulation results demonstrate that fractionated illumination with alternating light and dark periods of 60 s improved the tumor response further for PpIX-mediated PDT.
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine 03/2011; 34(2):203-11. · 0.56 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Hyperthermia, generated using microwave (MW), infrared, ultrasound and other methods, is often utilised as an adjuvant technique to sensitise cancer lesions to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In the current research, MW hyperthermia efficacy in synergism with chemotherapy was investigated in the presence and absence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs).
Saos-2 cell line derived from human osteogenic sarcoma was used in the study. Various experiments were performed on the cells in the presence of doxorubicin and GNPs with MW hyperthermia. All required control groups were also considered. The in vitro experiments were conducted for GNPs of 20 and 40 nm, each at two concentrations of 13.2 and 26.4 µg/mL. After 48 hours, MTT assay was performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic parameters on cell survival.
In groups with GNP-incubated cells, the cell survival was more than 95%. After chemotherapy, survival was determined as 37.1% and 62.8% with and without 40 nm GNPs, respectively. Following the combined treatment of hyperthermia and chemotherapy, survival declined to 17% and 4.1% in the presence of 20 and 40 nm GNPs, respectively. GNPs of 40 nm diameter and 26.4 µg/mL concentration showed the highest synergistic effect on MW hyperthermia, combination of MW hyperthermia and chemotherapy, and chemotherapy, respectively. Dox with 40 nm GNPs had a higher cell destruction rate in comparison to chemotherapy alone.
Although no cytotoxicity was observed from GNP incubation alone, their presence along with MW led to a decrease in survival rate, such that the lethal effects of MW hyperthermia with GNPs were comparable with that of doxorubicin. All combined treatments in the presence of 40 nm GNPs produced a higher efficiency in comparison to similar groups without GNPs and with 20 nm GNPs.
International Journal of Hyperthermia 01/2011; 27(6):625-36. · 1.92 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment method for various types of invasive tumors. The efficiency of PDT treatment depends, to a great extent, on optimal dosimetry of light, the photosensitizer used, and on tissue oxygenation. Fluorescence spectroscopy can be employed for measurement of drug concentration in target tissue and can provide a basis for in vivo evaluation of treatment efficiency. We have developed an integrated system that can be used to determine photosensitizer concentration in vivo based on fluorescence measurements. In our study, we performed fluorescence measurements on colon tumors of Balb/c mice in which CT26 cells were injected subcutaneously in the right flank. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was used as the photosensitizer. ALA was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg and PpIX fluorescence profiles were followed up to 34 h after ALA administration. Maximum fluorescence intensity was found 8 h after ALA administration. Also, we determined the relationship between PpIX concentration in colon tumor tissue of Balb/c mice and its fluorescence intensity at the peak of the spectrum (635 nm). This was used to determine the PpIX content in the target tissue as a function of time after ALA administration.
Applied Spectroscopy 12/2010; 64(12):1350-4. · 1.66 Impact Factor
-
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 01/2010;
-
Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology 76(4):417-8. · 0.98 Impact Factor
