A Apolonski

Publications (49)114.05 Total impact

• Article: High-power Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator in the positive dispersion regime.

  O Pronin, J Brons, C Grasse, V Pervak, G Boehm, M-C Amann, A Apolonski, V L Kalashnikov, F Krausz
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  ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a self-starting Kerr-lens mode-locked (KLM) Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator operating in the regime of positive intracavity group-delay dispersion (GDD). It delivers 1.7 ps pulses at an average power of 17 W and a repetition rate of 40 MHz. Dispersive mirrors compress the pulses to a duration of 190 fs (assuming sech2 shape; Fourier limit: 150 fs) at an average power level of 11 W. To our knowledge, this is the first KLM thin-disk oscillator with positive GDD. Output powers of up to 30 W were achieved with an increased output coupler transmission and intracavity GDD. We demonstrate increase of the pulse energy with increasing positive intracavity GDD, limited by difficulties in initiating mode-locking.
  Optics Letters 09/2012; 37(17):3543-5. · 3.40 Impact Factor
• Article: Generation of 60-nJ sub-40-fs pulses at 70 MHz repetition rate from a Ti:sapphire chirped pulse-oscillator

  A. Fernández, A. Verhoef, V. Pervak, G. Lermann, F. Krausz, A. Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: We have studied the influence of the intracavity dispersion on the mode-locking characteristics of pure-Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse oscillators. Using the results of this study, we have built chirped-pulse oscillators that can be mode-locked when pumped with the highest pump powers commercially available at 532nm. We generated 62nJ pulses at 70MHz repetition rate, with a Fourier limited duration of 33fs.
  Applied Physics B 04/2012; 87(3):395-398. · 2.19 Impact Factor
• Article: 1.5-octave chirped mirror for pulse compression down to sub-3 fs

  V. Pervak, A.V. Tikhonravov, M.K. Trubetskov, S. Naumov, F. Krausz, A. Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: We demonstrate numerically and experimentally a chirped mirror with controlled reflectivity and dispersion of up to 1.5 octaves. A complementary pair of such mirrors has a reflectivity of 95% in the wavelength range 400–1200nm with residual group delay dispersion ripples <100fs2 in all of this range. The mirror pair allows one to compensate a chirp of the corresponding spectrum (with a smooth phase), resulting in sub-3-fs pulses.
  Applied Physics B 04/2012; 87(1):5-12. · 2.19 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: digitalcommons.unl.edu

  Article: Ultrashort pulse electron gun with a MHz repetition rate

  D. Wytrykus, M. Centurion, P. Reckenthaeler, F. Krausz, A. Apolonski, E. Fill
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  ABSTRACT: We report the construction of an electron gun emitting ultrashort pulses with a repetition rate of 2.7MHz. The gun works at an acceleration voltage of 20kV and is operated with a laser oscillator having an ultralong cavity. Alow number of electrons per pulse eliminates space charge broadening. Electron yield and beam profiles are measured for operation with laser wavelengths of 800, 400, and 266nm. The initial energy spread of the electrons is determined for these three wavelengths, and pulse durations of 600, 390, and 270fs are inferred from the data.
  Applied Physics B 04/2012; 96(2):309-314. · 2.19 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: info.tuwien.ac.at

  Article: Chirped-pulse oscillators: theory and experiment

  V.L. Kalashnikov, E. Podivilov, A. Chernykh, A. Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: Theory of chirped-pulse oscillators operating in the positive dispersion regime is presented. It is found that the chirped pulses can be described analytically as solitary pulse solutions of the nonlinear cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. Due to the closed form of the solution, basic characteristics of the regime under consideration are easily traceable. Numerical simulations validate the analytical technique and the chirped-pulse stability. Experiments with 10MHz Ti:Sa oscillator providing up to 150nJ chirped pulses, which are compressible down to 30fs, are in agreement with the theory.
  Applied Physics B 04/2012; 83(4):503-510. · 2.19 Impact Factor
• Article: High-power 200 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator.

  O Pronin, J Brons, C Grasse, V Pervak, G Boehm, M-C Amann, V L Kalashnikov, A Apolonski, F Krausz
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  ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a power-scalable Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator. It delivers 200 fs pulses at an average power of 17 W and a repetition rate of 40 MHz. At an increased (180 W) pump power level, the laser produces 270 fs 1.1 μJ pulses at an average power of 45 W (optical-to-optical efficiency of 25%). Semiconductor-saturable-absorber-mirror-assisted Kerr-lens mode locking (KLM) and pure KLM with a hard aperture show similar performance. To our knowledge, these are the shortest pulses achieved from a mode-locked Yb:YAG disk oscillator and this is the first demonstration of a Kerr-lens mode-locked thin-disk laser.
  Optics Letters 12/2011; 36(24):4746-8. · 3.40 Impact Factor
• Article: 16 fs, 350 nJ pulses at 5 MHz repetition rate delivered by chirped pulse compression in fibers.

  T Ganz, V Pervak, A Apolonski, P Baum
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  ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a simple approach for broadening and compression of intense pulses at megahertz repetition rates by self-phase modulation in nonlinear photonic crystal fibers. In order to avoid damage by self-focusing, we positively chirp the input pulses, which allows coupling of significantly more energy into the fiber, while maintaining the same spectral bandwidth and compression as compared to the Fourier-limited case at lower energy. Using a commercial long-cavity Ti:sapphire oscillator with 55 fs, 400 nJ pulses at 5 MHz, we generate 16 fs, 350 nJ pulses, which is a factor of 4 more energy than possible with unchirped input pulses. Self-phase-modulated spectra supporting 11 fs duration are also shown with 350 nJ pulse energy. Excellent stability is recorded over at least 1 h.
  Optics Letters 04/2011; 36(7):1107-9. · 3.40 Impact Factor
• Article: Chirped-pulse amplification of laser pulses with dispersive mirrors.

  V Pervak, I Ahmad, S A Trushin, Zs Major, A Apolonski, S Karsch, F Krausz
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  ABSTRACT: We report a novel implementation of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) by dominantly using dispersive multilayer mirrors for chirp control. Our prototyp dispersive-mirror (DMC) compressor has been designed for a kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier and yielded--in a proof-of-concept study--millijoule-energy, sub-20-fs, 790-nm laser pulses with an overall throughput of approximately 90% and unprecedented spatio-temporal quality. Dispersive-mirror-based CPA permits a dramatic simplification of high-power lasers and affords promise for their advancement to shorter pulse durations, higher peak powers, and higher average powers with user-friendly systems.
  Optics Express 10/2009; 17(21):19204-12. · 3.59 Impact Factor
• Conference Proceeding: Towards high-power XUV generation using an Yb-Based enhancement cavity

  I. Pupeza, J. Rauschenberger, T. Eidam, F. Roser, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, R. Holzwarth, T. Udem, J. Limpert, A. Apolonski, T.W. Hansch, A. Tunnermann, F. Krausz
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  ABSTRACT: In this contribution we present the external cavity enhancement of a 78MHz repetition rate 270 fs Yb-based fiber laser providing up to 20W average power. We measure a record high intra-cavity average circulating power of 13.7kW, which corresponds to more than 5 times the previously reported value.
  Lasers and Electro-Optics 2009 and the European Quantum Electronics Conference. CLEO Europe - EQEC 2009. European Conference on; 07/2009
• Chapter: All dispersive mirrors compressor for femtosecond lasers

  V. Pervak, C. Teisset, A. Sugita, F. Krausz, A. Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: We report on the development of highly dispersive mirrors for chirped-pulse amplifiers (CPA). The designed mirrors are potentially capable of replacing the prisms in the existing CPA compressors making them more compact and stable.
  12/2008: pages 923-925;
• Chapter: High Harmonic Frequency Combs for High Resolution Spectroscopy

  A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, Th Udem
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  ABSTRACT: Intracavity high harmonic generation is demonstrated in an external cavity, seeded by a Ti:sapphire mode-locked laser at a repetition rate of 10.8MHz. Harmonics up to 19th order at 43 nm were observed with plateau harmonics at the μW power level.
  12/2008: pages 843-845;
• Source

  Available from: ArXiv

  Article: Chirped-pulse oscillators: a unified standpoint

  V. L. Kalashnikov, A Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: A completely analytical and unified approach to the theory of chirped-pulse oscillators is presented. The approach developed is based on the approximate integration of the generalized nonlinear complex Ginzburg-Landau equation and demonstrates that a chirped-pulse oscillator is controlled by only two parameters. It makes it easy to trace spread of the real-world characteristics of both solid-state and fiber oscillators operating in the positive dispersion regime. Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables; the mathematical apparatus is described in detail in http://info.tuwien.ac.at/kalashnikov/genNCGLE.html
  11/2008;
• Article: High-dispersive mirrors for femtosecond lasers.

  V Pervak, C Teisset, A Sugita, S Naumov, F Krausz, A Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: We report on the development of highly dispersive mirrors for chirped-pulse oscillators (CPO) and amplifiers (CPA). In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the usability of highly dispersive multilayer mirrors for high-energy femtosecond oscillators, namely for i) a chirped-pulse Ti:Sa oscillator and ii) an Yb:YAG disk oscillator. In both cases a group delay dispersion (GDD) of the order of 2x10(4) fs(2) was introduced, accompanied with an overall transmission loss as low as approximately 2 per cent. This unprecedented combination of high dispersion and low loss over a sizeable bandwidth with multilayer structures opens the prospects for femtosecond CPA systems equipped with a compact, alignment-insensitive all-mirror compressors providing compensation of GDD as well as higher-order dispersion.
  Optics Express 08/2008; 16(14):10220-33. · 3.59 Impact Factor
• Article: High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy.

  A Ozawa, J Rauschenberger, Ch Gohle, M Herrmann, D R Walker, V Pervak, A Fernandez, R Graf, A Apolonski, R Holzwarth, F Krausz, T W Hänsch, Th Udem
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  ABSTRACT: We generated a series of harmonics in a xenon gas jet inside a cavity seeded by pulses from a Ti:sapphire mode-locked laser with a repetition rate of 10.8 MHz. Harmonics up to 19th order at 43 nm were observed with plateau harmonics at the microW power level. An elaborate dispersion compensation scheme and the use of a moderate repetition rate allowed for this significant improvement in output power of the plateau harmonics of 4 orders of magnitude over previous results. With this power level and repetition rate, high-resolution spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet region becomes conceivable. An interesting target would be the 1S-2S transition in hydrogenlike He+ at 60 nm.
  Physical Review Letters 06/2008; 100(25):253901. · 7.37 Impact Factor
• Article: Hybrid dc–ac electron gun for fs-electron pulse generation

  L Veisz, G Kurkin, K Chernov, V Tarnetsky, A Apolonski, F Krausz, E Fill
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  ABSTRACT: We present a new concept of an electron gun for generating subrelativistic few-femtosecond (fs) electron pulses. The basic idea is to utilize a dc acceleration stage combined with an RF cavity, the ac field of which generates an electron energy chirp for bunching at the target. To reduce space charge (SC) broadening the number of electrons in the bunch is reduced and the gun is operated at a megahertz (MHz) repetition rate for providing a high average number of electrons at the target. Simulations of the electron gun were carried out under the condition of no SC and with SC assuming various numbers of electrons in the bunch. Transversal effects such as defocusing after the dc extraction hole were also taken into account. A detailed analysis of the sensitivity of the pulse duration to various parameters was performed to test the realizability of the concept. Such electron pulses will allow significant advances in the field of ultrafast electron diffraction.
  New Journal of Physics 12/2007; 9(12):451. · 4.18 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: pte.hu

  Article: Short-pulse optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification for the generation of high-power few-cycle pulses

  J A Fülöp, Zs Major, A Henig, S Kruber, R Weingartner, T Clausnitzer, E-B Kley, A Tünnermann, V Pervak, A Apolonski, J Osterhoff, R Hörlein, F Krausz, S Karsch
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  ABSTRACT: We report ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) with an output pulse energy of up to 250 μJ from an OPCPA stage pumped by short pulses of ~100 fs duration at 395 nm wavelength. In order to generate ultrahigh-power pulses in the few-cycle regime, such a short-pulse-pumped OPCPA scheme appears to be a promising route, by virtue of its inherently advantageous features. Firstly, the stretching and compression fidelity as well as the pulse contrast are increased due to the short pump- and seed-pulse durations. Additionally, the higher pump powers allow for using thinner OPA crystals, thereby increasing the amplification bandwidth that will support even shorter pulse durations. We present experimental results where the effective bandwidth of the seed pulses was increased in the OPCPA process resulting in a shortened transform-limited pulse duration in addition to the energy gain. The amplified pulses from OPCPA have been compressed to the sub-10-fs, few-cycle range by using chirped mirrors. Scaling of this short-pulse-pumped OPCPA technique for few-cycle-pulse generation to the highest (TW–PW) power levels is also planned (Petawatt Field Synthesizer project at the Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik).
  New Journal of Physics 12/2007; 9(12):438. · 4.18 Impact Factor
• Article: Chirped mirrors with low dispersion ripple.

  V Pervak, S Naumov, F Krausz, A Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a chirped dielectric multilayer mirror (CM) with controlled reflectivity and dispersion in the wavelength range 760-840 nm. It exhibits a reflectivity of >99.9% and a mean group delay dispersion (GDD) of about -30 fs(2) with a theoretical GDD ripple of less than 0.5 fs(2) in the working spectral range. Deviations of the measured GDD from the calculated one are restricted to less than +/- 3 fs(2), limited by our measurement system. Simulations reveal that a dispersive delay line composed of 120 bounces off these mirrors introduces negligible distortion to a femtosecond pulse and largely preserves its contrast. The mirrors constitute an ideal tool for precision intracavity or extracavity dispersion control in the range of several thousand fs(2), particularly if pulses with high contrast are to be generated.
  Optics Express 10/2007; 15(21):13768-72. · 3.59 Impact Factor
• Source

  Available from: Eleftherios Goulielmakis

  Article: Attosecond control and measurement: lightwave electronics.

  E Goulielmakis, V S Yakovlev, A L Cavalieri, M Uiberacker, V Pervak, A Apolonski, R Kienberger, U Kleineberg, F Krausz
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  ABSTRACT: Electrons emit light, carry electric current, and bind atoms together to form molecules. Insight into and control of their atomic-scale motion are the key to understanding the functioning of biological systems, developing efficient sources of x-ray light, and speeding up electronics. Capturing and steering this electron motion require attosecond resolution and control, respectively (1 attosecond = 10(-18) seconds). A recent revolution in technology has afforded these capabilities: Controlled light waves can steer electrons inside and around atoms, marking the birth of lightwave electronics. Isolated attosecond pulses, well reproduced and fully characterized, demonstrate the power of the new technology. Controlled few-cycle light waves and synchronized attosecond pulses constitute its key tools. We review the current state of lightwave electronics and highlight some future directions.
  Science 09/2007; 317(5839):769-75. · 31.20 Impact Factor
• Article: Dispersion control over the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral range with HfO2/SiO2-chirped dielectric multilayers.

  V Pervak, F Krausz, A Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: We report the first realization, to the best of our knowledge, of a chirped multilayer dielectric mirror providing dispersion control over the spectral range of 300-900 nm and the first use of hafnium oxide in a chirped mirror. The technology opens the door to the reliable and reproducible generation of monocycle laser pulses in the blue-violet spectral range, will benefit the development of optical waveform and frequency-comb synthesizers over the ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral range, and permits the development of ultrabroadband-chirped multilayers for high-power applications.
  Optics Letters 06/2007; 32(9):1183-5. · 3.40 Impact Factor
• Article: Band filters: two-material technology versus rugate.

  V Pervak, A V Tikhonravov, M K Trubetskov, J Pistner, F Krausz, A Apolonski
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  ABSTRACT: We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a band filter with two reflection and broadband transmission ranges, which was obtained with standard two-material technology. The fabricated filter has transmission and reflectivity characteristics better than those achievable with rugate technology.
  Applied Optics 04/2007; 46(8):1190-3. · 1.41 Impact Factor