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ABSTRACT: The pharmacokinetics of Dibekacin were studied in 10 patients with terminal renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 5 ml/min) undergoing haemodialysis sessions lasting 4 h. The dialyzers were either the Gambro Lundia Major 13.5 or the Ultra Flo II 1.4., and the patients were divided into two groups according to the dialyzer used. Blood flow varied between 250 and 280 ml/min and dialyzate flow between 450 and 600 ml/min. All patients received a single i. v. dose of Dibekacin 1.5 mg/kg at the beginning of the dialysis session. The concentration of the antibiotic at the input and the output of the dialyzer were determine microbiologically by a plate diffusion method using B. subtilis as the test organism. The intravenously administered antibiotic followed an open two-compartment kinetic model. The type of dialyzer used did not influence the dialysis of Dibekacin. Haemodialysis significantly increased the elimination rate of the antibiotic with respect to the interdialysis periods. The plasma half-life in the slow disposition phase fell from 30 h in the interdialysis period to 4.0 h during dialysis sessions. From the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters, a dosage regimen for this kind of patient is proposed.
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 10/1980; 18(4):347-50. · 2.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The pharmacokinetics of cefamandole have been studied in rabbits with normal renal function and varying degrees of renal impairment caused experimentally, by uranyl nitrate, after i.v. administration of a single dose of 30 mg/kg of the antibiotic. The plasma concentrations of cefamandole 80 minutes after administration were 3 micrograms/ml in normal rabbits reaching 90 micrograms/ml at 9 hours in the case of terminal renal impairment. With respect to the pharmacokinetic parameters established in rabbits with normal renal function, the following modifications may be observed in the case of rabbits with renal impairment: alpha, beta, K12, K21, K13, Vc and Vp are decreased, while there is an increase in t 1/2 alpha, t 1/2 beta and (AUC)infinity 0. Linear relationships have been established between log alpha and log beta, respectively, and serum creatinine. Biliary excretion of cefamandole is increased parallel to the increase in the degree of renal impairment, there being a linear relationship between the percentage excreted of the antibiotic and serum creatinine. The values of KB fall from 0.57 h-1 in rabbits with normal renal function, to 0.26 h-1 in rabbits with severe renal impairment.
The Journal of Antibiotics 04/1980; 33(3):322-7. · 1.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The pharmacokinetics of Cefamandole was studied in 17 patients with terminal renal impairment, 10 of which were undergoing sessions of hemodialysis while 7 were in the period between dialysis sessions. An open two-compartment kinetic model was used to describe the bi-phasic decrease of the plasma concentrations of Cefamandole thus establishing the amounts of the antibiotic in the peripheral and central compartments together with the amount eliminated. All patients received an i.v. bolus injections of 15 mg/kg body weight. During the hemodialysis sessions, the pharmacokinetic parameters of Cefamandole were the following: alpha = 5.006 hr-1 beta = 0.182 hr-1 K12 = 2.598 hr-1 K21 = 2.147 hr-1 K13 = 0.441 hr-1 Vc = 5.700 l Vp = 6.190 l Vdss = 11.94 l It may be seen that there is a decrease in the overall elimination constant compared with that obtained during the periods between the dialysis sessions. A dosage regimen of multiple doses is established as a function of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the antibiotic for patients with terminal renal impairment undergoing periodic sessions of hemodialysis.
International journal of clinical pharmacology and biopharmacy 10/1979; 17(9):416-20.
