Chong Xu

Publications of Chong Xu

• Rare noriridoids from the roots of Andrographis paniculata.

  Authors: Chong Xu, Gui-Xin Chou, Chang-Hong Wang, Zheng-Tao Wang

  Phytochemistry. 02/2012; 77:275-9.

  The rare noriridoids, Andrographidoids A-E (1-5), along with a known iridoid curvifloruside F (6), were isolated from roots of Andrographis paniculata. All noriridoids were aglycones and 1-4 hadThe rare noriridoids, Andrographidoids A-E (1-5), along with a known iridoid curvifloruside F (6), were isolated from roots of Andrographis paniculata. All noriridoids were aglycones and 1-4 had (semi-) acetal structures located at C-3 but not at C-1. Their structures were established by a series of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The antibacterial activity of these iridoids was also assessed using the microtitre plate broth dilution method.

• The contribution of side chains to antitumor activity of a polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula.

  Authors: Chong Xu, Yang Liu, Guangxin Yuan, Ming Guan

  International journal of biological macromolecules. 01/2012;

  In order to assess the potential contribution of the side chains of a polysaccharide (CPPW1) from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula to the biological activities, we chose CPPW1 and its backboneIn order to assess the potential contribution of the side chains of a polysaccharide (CPPW1) from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula to the biological activities, we chose CPPW1 and its backbone (CPPW1B) as the research targets to compare them with their antitumor and immunomodulatory activity. The results demonstrated CPPW1 could significantly inhibit the tumor growth of H22-bearing mice and simulate lymphocyte proliferation. Meanwhile the phagocytic capability of macrophages and NO production were also enhanced. However, CPPW1B could only inhibit the tumor weight and did not work to immune system at all. Additionally, both CPPW1 and CPPW1B had no toxicity in vivo. Taken together with all data, we found the sugar side chains attached to the backbone of CPPW1 played a pivotal role in fighting against tumor and activating immune system.

• [Chemical constituents from roots of Andrographis paniculata].

  Authors: Chong Xu, Zheng-Tao Wang

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 03/2011; 46(3):317-21.

  To investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Andrographis paniculata, 28 compounds were isolated and identified from the 80% ethanol extract. There are 20 flavonoids: 5, 5'-dihydroxy-7,To investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Andrographis paniculata, 28 compounds were isolated and identified from the 80% ethanol extract. There are 20 flavonoids: 5, 5'-dihydroxy-7, 8, 2'-trimetroxyflavone (1), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 6'-tetramethoxyflavone (2), 5, 3'-dihydroxy-7, 8, 4'-trimethoxyflavone (3), 2'-hydroxy-5, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavone (4), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone (6), wightin (7), 5, 2', 6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 5, 7, 8, 2'-tetramethoxyflavone (10), 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavanone (11), 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone (12), 5, 2'-dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone (13), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 5'-tetramethoxyflavone (14), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2', 3'-tetramethoxyflavone (15), 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2'-trimethoxyflavone (16), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7, 8, 2', 3'-tetramethoxyflavone (17), dihydroneobaicalein (18), andrographidine A (19), andrographidine B (20), andrographidine C (21) and 5, 2'-dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (22); three diterpenoids: andrograpanin (23), neoandrographolide (24) and andrographolide (25); two phenylpropanoids: trans-cinnamic acid (26) and 4-hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (5); and oleanolic acid (9), beta-sitosterol (27) and beta-daucosterol (28). Compound 1 is a new flavone, compound 4 is a new natural product, compounds 2, 3 and 5 were isolated from the Androggraphis genus for the first time and compounds 6-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• A new diterpene from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata Nees.

  Authors: Chong Xu, Gui Xin Chou, Zheng Tao Wang

  Fitoterapia. 03/2010; 81(6):610-3.

  Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata yielded one novel diterpene (13R, 14R) 3, 13, 14, 19-tetrahydroxy-ent-labda-8 (17), 11-dien-16, 15-olide 1Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata yielded one novel diterpene (13R, 14R) 3, 13, 14, 19-tetrahydroxy-ent-labda-8 (17), 11-dien-16, 15-olide 1 which has an uncommon cis-diol groups in the lactone moiety, and 3, 19-isopropylidene-14-deoxy-ent-labda-8 (17), 13-dien-16, 15-olide 2, probably an artifact diterpene, together with eight known diterpenoids 3-10. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectral methods. The structure and stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses.

• Retraction notice to "Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cell by fusion protein TAT-Zfx" [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 379 (3) (2009) 771-774].

  Authors: Chong Xu, Yanbing Zhang, Hua Jiang

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 11/2009; 388(2):465.

• Andrographolide inhibits hepatoma cells growth and affects the expression of cell cycle related proteins.

  Authors: Kai-Kai Shen, Tian-Yu Liu, Chong Xu, Li-Li Ji, Zheng-Tao Wang

  Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. 09/2009; 44(9):973-9.

  The present study is aimed to investigate the toxic effects of andrographolide (Andro) on hepatoma cells and elucidate its preliminary mechanisms. After cells were treated with differentThe present study is aimed to investigate the toxic effects of andrographolide (Andro) on hepatoma cells and elucidate its preliminary mechanisms. After cells were treated with different concentrations of Andro (0-50 micromol x L(-1)) for 24 h, cell viability was evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, after hepatoma cells (Hep3B and HepG2) were treated with different concentrations of Andro (0-30 micromol x L(-1)) for 14 d, the number of colony formation was accounted under microscope. Cell cycle related proteins such as Cdc-2, phosphorylated-Cdc-2, Cyclin B and Cyclin D1 were detected with Western blotting assay and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. MTT results showed that Andro induced growth inhibition of hepatoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner but had no significant effects on human normal liver L-02 cells. Andro dramatically decreased the colony formation of hepatoma cells in the concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Andro induced a decrease of Hep3B cells at the G0-G1 phase and a concomitant accumulation of cells at G2-M phase. At the molecular level, Western blotting results showed that Andro decreased the expression of Cdc-2, phosphorylated-Cdc-2, Cyclin D1 and Cyclin B proteins in a time-dependent manner, which are all cell cycle related proteins. Taken together, the results demonstrated that Andro specifically inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells and cellular cell cycle related proteins were possibly involved in this process.

• [Application of effective antigen combinations in childhood B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.]

  Authors: Yin Liu, Jing-Yan Tang, Chong Xu, Long-Jun Gu, Hui-Liang Xue, Jing Chen, Ci Pan, Lu Dong, Min Zhou

  Zhonghua er ke za zhi. Chinese journal of pediatrics. 06/2009; 47(5):366-370.

  OBJECTIVE: To probe into the occurrence rates of the effective antigen combinations which were used to detect the minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry in childhood B-lineage acuteOBJECTIVE: To probe into the occurrence rates of the effective antigen combinations which were used to detect the minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), as well as the relationship between clinical-biologic factors and different combinations. METHODS: Among the 327 B-ALL children enrolled in our study, 289 cases were identified with at least one antigen combination as MRD marker. Their bone marrow samples were monitored by using 9 combinations with 4 antigens each, analyzed the occurrence rates and compared them with international reports. Also the differences in the distribution of each antibody combination in the different clinical-biologic groups were compared by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: (1) Totally 327 cases of childhood B-ALL were screened for antibody combinations of interest and 88.4 percent of them (289 cases) were identified with effective antibody combinations. (2) The occurrence frequencies of antigen combinations were different. The highest frequency was seen with TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19 combination which was 70.59 percent. Expressions of antigen combinations in Chinese children were different from those in western countries. (3) Some antibody combinations presented different frequency among different clinical groups. CD38/CD10/CD34/CD19 was expressed more often in samples of relapsed patients (P = 0.045). CD66c/CD10/CD34/CD19 expression was significantly higher in BCR/ABL positive group (P = 0.037) and relapsed patients group (P = 0.047). TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19 was expressed more in MLL-AF4 negative group (P = 0.005) and Prednisone Good Response group (P = 0.002). CD58/CD10/CD34/CD19 was correlated with low relapse rate (P = 0.032). CONCLUSION: (1) The coverage rate of 9 antigen combinations in our study was 88.4%. The occurrences of frequency of different antibody combinations in B-ALL were different, and also different from that of western countries. The occurrence frequencies of antibody combinations CD21/CD10/CD34/CD19, CD22/CD10/CD34/CD19, CD10/CD56/CD34/-CD19 and TdT/Cu/CD34/CD19 were lower than those of the western report, while CD38/CD10/-CD34/CD19, CD45/CD19/CD10/CD34, CD58/CD10/CD34/CD19 and CD66c/CD10/CD34/CD19 were similar to those of the reports from western countries. (2) TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19 may work as a simplified method to detect MRD in Chinese population. (3) The occurrence frequency of CD38/CD10/CD34/CD19, CD45/CD19/CD10/CD34, CD58/CD10/CD34/CD19, TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19 could be effective remediation and evidence to evaluate the remission quality and guide the therapy, especially for those with no original MRD marker record. (4) CD58/CD10/CD34/CD19 and TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19 may correlate with good prognosis, but CD66c/CD10/CD34/CD19 and CD38/CD10/CD34/CD19 may predict poor prognosis. These results might contribute to individual risk evaluation and guide the therapy selection.

• Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cell by fusion protein TAT-Zfx.

  Authors: Hua Jiang, Chong Xu, Yanbing Zhang

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 01/2009;

  The relative inability of hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to reproduce themselves (self-renew) ex vivo imposes substantial limitations on the current use of HSC transplantation. Recently, theThe relative inability of hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to reproduce themselves (self-renew) ex vivo imposes substantial limitations on the current use of HSC transplantation. Recently, the transcription factor Zfx has been demonstrated that played an important in controlling the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we reported that Zfx could enable high-level expansion of HSCs in vitro, by combination of protein transduction domain, TAT. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that expanded HSCs population retains their normal in vivo potential of pluripotency. It is thus that TAT-Zfx has the potential to expand HSCs significantly in vitro, and will have enormous clinical potentials.

• The nonstructural protein-1 of influenza virus A.

  Authors: Hua Jiang, Chong Xu, Yanbing Zhang, Guoqiang Chen, Yongtao Xiao

  The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 12/2008;

  The nonstructural (NS1) protein of influenza A viruses is a non-essential virulence factor. In recent years, NS1 protein has been shown to perform several important functions during influenza virusThe nonstructural (NS1) protein of influenza A viruses is a non-essential virulence factor. In recent years, NS1 protein has been shown to perform several important functions during influenza virus infection. Among its multiple functions, it includes: the inhibitions of the innate immune and adaptive response in infected cells, the interference with the host mRNA processing, the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. The combination of all these functions makes the NS1 protein a very potent inhibitor of immunity and possible options for drug targets. This review briefly outlines the current knowledge on the structure, function and potential application of the NS1 protein.

• Aberrant methylation of EphA7 in human prostate cancer and its relation to clinicopathologic features.

  Authors: Ming Guan, Chong Xu, Fanglin Zhang, Chuanzhong Ye

  International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. 10/2008;

  EphA7 is a member of Eph/ephrins family and play diverse roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate functional and structural alterations of EphA7 in prostate cancer andEphA7 is a member of Eph/ephrins family and play diverse roles in carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate functional and structural alterations of EphA7 in prostate cancer and determine if those findings correlate with the clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer. Forty-eight prostate carcinomas, 31 benign prostate hyperplasias, 5 normal prostate tissues and 3 prostate cell lines (LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3) were examined with quantitative RT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry. Downregulation or loss of EphA7 mRNA expression was detected in 23 of 48 (47.9%) prostate carcinomas, and 2 of 31 (6.5%) hyperplasias. Methylation of the EphA7 promoter region was present in 20 of 48 (41.7%) of carcinomas and 6 of 31 (19.3%) hyperplasias, respectively. Immunostaining analysis showed EphA7 protein was absent in 10 of 30 (33.3%) carcinoma samples available and 8 of them (80.0%) exhibited hypermethylation. The frequency of EphA7 methylation was higher in cancer patients with higher Gleason score. Treatment of DU145 cells harboring methylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reactivated expression of EphA7. Ectopic expression of EphA7 in DU145 cells did not suppress cell growth but inhibited colony formation. Our study provides evidence that epigenetic inactivation of EphA7 may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

• [Prognostic factors for childhood acute non-mature B-lymphoblastic leukemia.]

  Authors: Hua Jiang, Long-Jun Gu, Hui-Liang Xue, Jing-Yan Tang, Jing Chen, Ci Pan, Chong Xu, Lu Dong, Min Zhou

  Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics. 06/2008; 10(3):290-4.

  OBJECTIVE: To study the prognostic factors for events-free survival (EFS) in children with acute non-mature B-lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one children with newly diagnosedOBJECTIVE: To study the prognostic factors for events-free survival (EFS) in children with acute non-mature B-lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one children with newly diagnosed acute non-mature B-lymphoblastic leukemia received the ALL-XH-99 protocol treatment. Their medical data, including clinical, biological and molecule features, early responses to treatment (bone marrow evaluation on the 19th day of induction therapy), minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow after remission induction therapy, the risk grade of disease before the beginning of chemotherapy and the outcome, were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Univariable analysis indicated that the gender and P170 levels before therapy had no effect on the outcome. Age, initial white blood cell count (WBC), prednisone response, early response to treatment, fusion genes (BCR/ABL or MLL/AF4) and MRD level were significantly related to the EFS (P<0.01). Immunophenotype, myeloid-associated antigen and the risk grade of disease were also related to the EFS (P<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that WBC >/=50 x 10(9)/L, Cmu positive, BCR/ABL or MLL/AF4 positive and MRD positive (>/=0.01%) were risk factors for the poor prognosis (P<0.01). The early response to treatment was important to modify the therapy protocol. CONCLUSIONS: WBC >/=50 x 10(9)/L, Cmu positive, BCR/ABL or MLL/AF4 positive and MRD positive have important prognostic values in childhood acute non-mature B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Early response to treatment is an important index for modifying the chemotherapy protocol.

• Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

  Authors: Tao Zhang, Ming Guan, Chong Xu, Yuming Chen, Yuan Lu

  Life sciences. 10/2007; 81(16):1256-63.

  Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, and it is among the most lethal of all cancers. Recent studies have shown that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) canGlioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, and it is among the most lethal of all cancers. Recent studies have shown that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) can induce differentiation and inhibit angiogenesis of several tumors. This study was designed to determine whether gliomas angiogenesis and tumor growth could be inhibited by PEDF. We found that PEDF down-regulated expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and up-regulated the expression of thrombospondin-2 and augmented apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in both A172 and U87 glioma cells lines after 48 h of treatment. Analysis of the cell cycle showed arrest in the G(1) phase and block in S phase of the cell cycle. Meanwhile PEDF induced apoptosis was associated with increases of p53 and Bax and inhibition of Bcl-2. Conditioned medium with PEDF showed a significantly reductive effect on migration in vitro accompanied with a significant reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. PEDF suppressed glioma cell migration in vitro and tumor burden in athymic nude mice. These results demonstrate for the first time inhibitory effects of PEDF on the growth and migration of human gliomas via induction of apoptosis and blocking of migratory-related factors. PEDF activation can be a novel approach for future therapeutic purposes against gliomas.

• Adenovirus-mediated PEDF expression inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and results in augmented expression of PAI-2.

  Authors: Ming Guan, Haowen Jiang, Chong Xu, Rong Xu, Zhongqing Chen, Yuan Lu

  Cancer biology & therapy. 04/2007; 6(3):419-25.

  PEDF is one of the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Loss of PEDF was found in human prostate tumors and associated with the progression toward a metastatic phenotype. To test the therapeuticPEDF is one of the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Loss of PEDF was found in human prostate tumors and associated with the progression toward a metastatic phenotype. To test the therapeutic potential of PEDF, we constructed a replication-defective adenoviral vector capable of efficient transduction and expression of PEDF (Ad-PEDF) in PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. As controls, we used adenoviruses expressing beta-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ). We showed that overexpression of PEDF inhibited proliferation of cells and augmented apoptosis in serum-starved cells, in comparison with Ad-LacZ. Furthermore, Ad-PEDF suppresses anchorage-independent growth cells in soft agar and tumor formation in athymic nude mice associated with decreased microvessel density. Microarray analysis showed that 56 out of 8464 genes were found to be upregulated and downregulated in the PC-3 infected with Ad-PEDF as compared with Ad-LacZ. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities including catalytic activity, protein binding, signal transduction activity and cell invasion. Among them, PAI-2 and DRHC were confirmed to be upregulated with real-time PCR and Western blot, suggesting a possible association with PEDF-induced signaling for cell motility and metastasis. These results can contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of treatment strategies of PEDF for prostate cancer.

• [Expression of retinoblastoma protein in child acute leukemia cells and its clinical significance]

  Authors: Xiang-Liang Yuan, Hui-Jun Zhao, Li-Min Jiang, Chong Xu, Xiao-Jun Yuan, Jing-Yan Tang, Li-Song Shen

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi / Zhongguo bing li sheng li xue hui = Journal of experimental hematology / Chinese Association of Pathophysiology. 11/2006; 14(5):913-8.

  The research was aimed to detect the expression levels of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in child acute leukemia cells, and to explore its possible association with leukemia cells cycle, the risk ofThe research was aimed to detect the expression levels of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in child acute leukemia cells, and to explore its possible association with leukemia cells cycle, the risk of disease, minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring and prognosis of B-ALL. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the expression of pRb in 89 cases of acute leukemia (including 25 AML, 10 T-ALL and 54 B-ALL) and bone marrows from 7 normal children (control group). Meanwhile the cell cycle in some cases was analyzed. The results showed that (1) the FCM could accurately detect the expression of pRb in acute leukemia cells; (2) the high level of pRb expression was frequent in all types of child acute leukemias. In the same case, the expression of pRb was significantly increased in leukemia cells when compared with non-leukemia cells. And no detectable pRb protein was found in partial cases of acute leukemia; (3) there was a close relation between expression of pRb and the cell cycle of leukemia cells, the number of G(1) phase cells in pRb positive case of B-ALL was more than that in pRb negative case (92% vs 77%); (4) in B-ALL, the level of pRb expression in MRD positive group was significantly lower than that in MRD negative group (P < 0.05), but pRb expression was stable in non-leukemia cells during therapy; (5) pRb expression was related to the early response to therapy in B-ALL, the expression of pRb was significantly increased in sensitive group when compared with insensitive group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that high level or absence of pRb expression can be found in child acute leukemia cells. The expression of pRb is positively related to cell cycle of leukemia cells, MRD monitoring and the early response to therapy. In short, the detection of pRb expression level can guide the therapy and the evaluation of prognosis in B-ALL.

• [Prognostic significance of lymphocyte function associated anti-gen-3 (CD58) in childhood B cell-acute lymphocytic leukemia]

  Authors: Chong Xu, Hui-Jun Zhao, Li-Ming Jiang, Xiao-Jun Yuan, Li Li, Jing-Yan Tang, Li-Song Shen

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi / Zhongguo bing li sheng li xue hui = Journal of experimental hematology / Chinese Association of Pathophysiology. 08/2006; 14(4):717-21.

  This study was aimed to investigate the value of CD58 in evaluation of early therapeutic effect on childhood B-ALL. The expression features of CD58 in 135 cases of childhood B-ALL were analyzed byThis study was aimed to investigate the value of CD58 in evaluation of early therapeutic effect on childhood B-ALL. The expression features of CD58 in 135 cases of childhood B-ALL were analyzed by four-color flow cytometry; MRD detection protocol for B-ALL using CD58/CD10/CD34/CD19 combination was established; the correlation between the expression features of CD58 and MRD detection was analyzed for the early therapeutic response in childhood B-ALL. The results showed that the mean value of CD58 MFI in 135 cases of B-ALL was 113.08 +/- 63.33, which was significantly higher than that in 15 cases of normal bone marrow controls (14.68 +/- 5.26, P < 0.01). In addition, CD58 was over expressed in 51.9% (70/135) of B-ALL patients, indicating that CD58 could be an effective marker in MRD detection. The CD58/CD10/CD34/CD19 was the second most effective combination next to TdT/CD10/CD34/CD19 in B-ALL MRD detection with flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the positive rate of MRD detection by flow cytometry was significantly lower in CD58 over expression group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that CD58 may be used as an indicator for detection of MRD in B-ALL patients, which would enrich the combination of MRD detection. The CD58 over expression may be considered as a marker of a favorable prognosis in childhood B-ALL.

• [Characterization of CD10 expression and its significance in minimal residual disease detection in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia]

  Authors: Hui-Jun Zhao, Chong Xu, Jing Chen, Zheng-Hong Wu, Hui-Liang Xue, Jing-Yan Tang, Ci Pan, Li Li, Long-Jun Gu, Li-Song Shen

  Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi / Zhongguo bing li sheng li xue hui = Journal of experimental hematology / Chinese Association of Pathophysiology. 09/2003; 11(4):350-4.

  To observe the expressions of CD10 in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and to define the role of CD10 in minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. 58 cases of childhood B-ALL wereTo observe the expressions of CD10 in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and to define the role of CD10 in minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. 58 cases of childhood B-ALL were studied in this program. Four-color flow cytometry was used to analyze the characteristics of B-ALL phenotypes. The four-color fluorochrome labeled antibody combinations of CD10 with other markers were used to detect MRD. The results showed that CD10 overexpression (CD10(bright)) was detected in 65.5% (38/58) of B-ALL patients and a strong correlation between CD10(bright) and CD34 expression was also observed, i.e. CD10(bright) expression most frequently happened in B-ALL with high percentage of CD34 positive cells. In detection of MRD, CD10(bright), combined with other markers, could effectively distinguish normal cells with leukemic cells, even if there was no any other marker that can be used. It is concluded that CD10(bright) expression correlates with high expression of CD34 in B-ALL, it is a good marker for MRD detection. The combination of CD10 and other markers can be applied in B-ALL MRD detection with flow cytometry.

• [Detection of minimal residual disease in childhood B-ALL by flow cytometry]

  Authors: Chong Xu, Hui-Jun Zhao, Zheng-Hong Wu, Hui-Liang Xue, Jing-Yan Tang, Jing Chen, Ci Pan, Li Li, Long-Jun Gu, Li-Song Shen

  Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi. 07/2003; 24(6):295-9.

  OBJECTIVE: To establish a flow cytometric method for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) in children with B-ALL and evaluate its clinical application.METHODS: Fifty-eight childhood B-ALL casesOBJECTIVE: To establish a flow cytometric method for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) in children with B-ALL and evaluate its clinical application.METHODS: Fifty-eight childhood B-ALL cases entered this study and 30 MRD analyses were performed after remission induction therapy. Four-color fluorochrome labeled monoclonal antibodies were used to analyze the cell immunophenotypes. Cells from normal bone marrow were used as controls. The leukemic cell populations located in flow cytometry dot plots different from those of normal were considered to be the markers of interest in the first step screening, and then used to monitor MRD step after therapy. RESULTS: Fifty-eight cases of childhood B-ALL were screened for antibodies combinations of interest and were identified in 89.7% (52/58) of these cases. The four-color antibody combinations consisted of CD(10)/CD(34)/CD(19) plus another effective marker such as CD(38), CD(65), CD(66c), CD(21). The sensitivity of this method was 0.01%, much higher than microscopic inspection. In 8 cases whose bone marrow microscopically showed no residual leukemic cells, the percentage of leukemic cells were identified with this method of 0.028%, 1.430%, 3.050%, 0.015%, 5.660%, 2.700%, 0.027%, and 0.069%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The application of flow cytometry in MRD monitoring can significantly improve the detection sensitivity in childhood B-ALL, thus facilitate the further treatment decision and follow-up.

• [Application of CD34+ autologous peripheral progenitor cell transplant in the treatment of children with refractory SLE]

  Authors: Jing Chen, Long-Jun Gu, Hui-Jun Zhao, Hui-Liang Xue, Yi Zheng, Xiao-juan Xie, Li Li, Chong Xu, Yao-ping Wang

  Zhonghua er ke za zhi. Chinese journal of pediatrics. 07/2003; 41(6):426-9.

  OBJECTIVE: Systematic lupus erythematosis (SLE) is a severe disease which affects the patient for many years and there is no radical cure for the disease. To explore a possible way to treat childrenOBJECTIVE: Systematic lupus erythematosis (SLE) is a severe disease which affects the patient for many years and there is no radical cure for the disease. To explore a possible way to treat children with refractory SLE, the authors treated 2 children with grade III and IV lupus nephropathy for 5 years and 7 years respectively, mainly presented with persistent thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, pleural effusion with CD34(+) autologous peripheral progenitor cells transplantation. METHODS: Mobilized with G-CSF and collected with CS-3000 Cell Separator, passed through the CliniMacs CD34(+) cell selection device, the count of CD34(+) cells obtained reached 1.0 x 10(6)/kg and 1.7 x 10(6)/kg, respectively with the remaining of 2.0 x 10(5)/kg and 1.0 x 10(4)/kg of CD3(+) cells individually. The selected CD34(+) cells were frozen at -80 degrees C. The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide [50 mg/(kg x day) for 4 days] plus ATG [Fresennius S 5 mg/(kg x day) for 3 days]. After 48 h treatment with cyclophosphamide, the frozen stem cells were infused back to the patients. RESULTS: Neutrophils recovered on 9 and 7 days after transplantation respectively in these 2 cases. Beginning from 15 days, the platelet count recovered and remained at over 100 x 10(9)/L. The sign of Cushing's syndrome disappeared completely 3 months after transplantation because discontinuing the steroid. One child's height had a 5 cm increase within 6 months after stopping steroid and this was the first height gain during the 7 years since she had had the disease. Till this paper was written, these 2 children were followed up for 13 months and 6 months, respectively, all the original symptoms and autoantibodies related to autoimmune disorders disappeared. But the cell-mediated immunity did not recover yet with the CD4(+) cell level still remained at a lower level. CONCLUSION: The effect of CD34(+) autologous peripheral progenitor cell transplantation on the children with refractory SLE was satisfactory so far, but the long-term effect remains to be confirmed by further studies on more cases.

• Effect of flow rate, negative pressure, and duration of modified ultrafiltration on hemodynamics and inflammatory mediators.

  Authors: Wei Wang, De-ming Zhu, Hui-min Huang, Xiao-man Cai, Chong Xu, Li-min Jlang, Li-Song Shen

  ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992). 53(1):41-5.

  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of flow rate, negative pressure, and duration on modified ultrafiltration (MUF). Eighty children weighing less than 10 kg with congenital heartThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of flow rate, negative pressure, and duration on modified ultrafiltration (MUF). Eighty children weighing less than 10 kg with congenital heart disease were randomly divided into four groups: group C (conventional MUF); group H (high flow rate MUF); group P (high negative pressure MUF); and group L (long duration, high flow rate MUF). The changes in body weight, hematocrit, and hemodynamics were recorded. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 were measured before bypass, bypass stop, and MUF cessation.The durations of MUF in groups H and P were significantly shorter than in the other two groups; the volume filtered in group L was much greater than in the other three groups. The changes of bodyweight, heart rate, blood pressure, and hematocrit were similar in all groups. The increased extent of inflammatory mediators was a little lower in group L.Modified ultrafiltration can reverse hemodilution and improve cardiac function even with high flow rate or negative pressure. Prolonging the duration of MUF can filter out more inflammatory mediators, but the increased trend cannot be reversed in 15 minutes.