-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To examine brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in preterm infants after perinatal hypoxia within 3 days and 1 month after birth.
BAEP was studied in 42 preterm infants after perinatal hypoxia within 3 days and 1 month after birth, and was compared with those in preterm without any major perinatal problems.
The latencies of wave V and the interpeak intervals of III-V and I-V in BAEP of hypoxia preterm infants differed significantly from those in the control with 3 days after birth. One month later, the latencies of wave and the interpeak intervals in BAEP of hypoxia infants were improved, and there were no significant differences between two groups.
Central auditory function in preterm infants will be damaged by perinatal hypoxia, which must be taken into account even the damage could be improved in 1 month after birth.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 03/2013; 44(2):284-6.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the activity of protein kinase B (Akt) and its downstream protein, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) under hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and the possible regulation for axonal density.
Postnatal day 10 SD rats were suffered the right common carotid artery ligation and 8% mixture of oxygen and nitrogen hypoxia 2.5 h to produce HI model. The expression of total and phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3beta was detected by western blot after HI. After pretreatment of Akt inhibitor, wortmannin or LY294002, Western blot detect the expression of total and phosphorylated of Akt, GSK-3beta at 4 h and 24 h after HI. After pretreatment of wortmannin, axonal density was determined by Bielschowsky silver impregnation, and histological injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.
The expression of total Akt and GSK-3beta remained unchanged after HI. p-Akt protein significantly decreased at 0.5 h, increased at 2 h and reached the highest at 4 h, returned to baseline at 8 h, declined at 24 and 48 h after HI, and finally returned to baseline again at 72 h compared with that of sham controls, p-GSK-3beta protein decreased at 0. 5 h, increased at 2 h, reached the highest at 4 h, returned to baseline at 8 and decreased at 24 h, reached the lowest at 48 h, and returned to baseline at 72 h. Wortmannin or LY294002 intervention didn't change the expression of total Akt and GSK-3beta, while decrease the p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta expression. HI cause decreased axonal density, and the histological injury of brain. Wortmannin pretreatment could aggravate the histological injury and decrease axonal density after HI.
The Akt pathway is involved in axonal density and histological brain injury after HI in neonatal rat.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 03/2013; 44(2):274-9.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of aminophylline in very low birth weight infant.
This study investigated 104 very low birth weight infants using aminophylline 5 mg/kg treating apnea who were hospitalized in our department during 2011-2012. The blood concentration of aminophylline was measured in 30 min before, 8 h and 5 d after first time loading dose, and was counterchecked every week before aminophylline withdrawal. The pharmacokinetic parameters of aminophylline were calculated and population pharmacokinetic model was established by MW/Pharm3.6 statistical analysis.
The average birth weight of these 104 very low birth weight infants was (1.15 +/- 0.23) kg, average gestational age was (31.19 +/- 2.50) weeks. The results of aminophylline pharmacokinetics showed: the plasma clearance was (17.88 +/- 5.61) mL/(kg x h), the apparent volume of distribution was (0.93 +/- 0.18) L/kg, the half life time was (28.6 +/- 7.59) h. The aminophylline plasma clearance was related to creatinine clearance, gestational age and days of age after birth (related coefficient was 0.68, 0.62, 0.56 respectively, P < 0.05),the apparent volume of distribution was related to birth weight (related coefficient was 0.82, P < 0.05). The population pharmacokinetics model established can predict the concentration-time curve of the patients.
The pharmacokinetics of aminophylline in very low birth weight infant was quite different from adult, which suggest blood concentration monitoring and dose adjustment for the clinical use of aminophylline in low birth weight infants.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 03/2013; 44(2):291-4.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study the pathogens, drug sensitivity and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates.
Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 401 neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and received mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or longer from January 2008 to February 2012. Eighty-five of the 401 neonates suffered VAP.
The main pathogens for VAP were Gram-negative bacteria (97%), including Klebsiella pneumoniae (51%), Acinetobacter baumannii (17%) and Escherichia coli (12%) as the three most frequent ones. The drug sensitivity test showed that these pathogens developed resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefazolin, and cefotaxime, with a susceptibility rate of below 15%, and demonstrated decreased sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem, with a susceptibility rate of below 75%. The independent risk factors for neonatal VAP included birth weight (OR=1.399, P<0.05), duration of mechanical ventilation (OR=1.966, P<0.01), length of hospital stay (OR=1.812, P<0.01), times of tracheal intubation (OR=2.056, P<0.01), and 1 min Apgar score (OR=2.146, P<0.01).
The incidence of neonatal VAP is influenced by many factors. The main pathogens for neonatal VAP are Gramnegative bacteria and antibacterial agents should be properly used according to drug sensitivity test results. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of VAP.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 01/2013; 15(1):14-8.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. While advances in medical care have improved the survival of preterm infants, neurodevelopmental problems persist in this population. This article aims to review factors associated with their neurodevelopmental outcomes. DATA SOURCES: English language studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants were retrieved from PubMed. A total of 100 related publications were included. RESULTS: Early gestational age and birth weight are the most significant predictors of poor long-term neurological outcome. Structural changes of the brain, infection, male gender and neonatal intensive care unit course are also important factors affecting eventual outcome. Other complex biological and socio-economic factors, which extend from prenatal through postnatal periods, up through and including adulthood, also affect the trajectory of brain development in preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS: Neurodevelopmental problems continue to affect the preterm population. There is a critical need for collaboration among geneticists, obstetricians, pediatricians, and neuroimaging and rehabilitation experts to determine early predictive factors and neuroprotective therapies to properly treat or prevent poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in these infants.
World Journal of Pediatrics 11/2012; 8(4):293-300. · 1.22 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To study risk factors for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) complicated by heart and lung failure and treatment experience.
A total of 198 children with severe HFMD between March and August in 2011 were enrolled. Univariate analysis and logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors severe HFMD complicated by heart and lung failure. The effects of combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin were observed.
Univariate analysis indicated that HFMD patients with heart and lung failure had higher proportions of consciousness, tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics, increased troponin and EV71 infection than HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection were the main risk factors for heart and lung failure. Compared with combination therapy with dexamethasone+ribavirin, combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was more effective for preventing hemodynamic changes in children with severe HFMD (P<0.01). Compared with HFMD patients with heart and lung failure, the effect of the combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin was better in HFMD patients without heart and lung failure (P<0.01).
The main risk factors for heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD include tachypnoea, abnormal hemodynamics and EV71 infection. Early combination therapy with immunoglobulin+dexamethasone+ribavirin can reduce the incidence of heart and lung failure in children with severe HFMD.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 08/2012; 14(8):589-92.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study examined changes to pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and chemokine IP-10 in the arterial blood of premature infants before and after mechanical ventilation, with the aim of exploring possible mechanisms of ventilation-induced lung injury.
Twenty-three neonates requiring mechanical ventilation were enrolled in this study. Arterial blood samples were collected for measuring IFN-γ and IP-10 levels using ELISA before and 4 hours after mechanical ventilation.
Blood IFN-γ and IP-10 increased significantly from 59 ± 40 pg/mL and 130 ± 67 pg/mL respectively before mechanical ventilation to 105 ± 54 pg/mL and 220 ± 80 pg/mL respectively after 4 hours of mechanical ventilation (P<0.01).
Serum IFN-γ and IP-10 levels increase after mechanical ventilation, suggesting that both may participate in the immune-inflammatory process of ventilation-induced lung injury.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 07/2012; 14(7):496-8.
-
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 06/2012; 14(6):466-7.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Blue light has been widely used for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia since the 1950s. Neonatal phototherapy can decrease plasma unconjugated bilirubin level, thus preventing bilirubin encephalopathy, and greatly reduces the exchange transfusion rate. Generally, it is accepted that the side effects of neonatal phototherapy are not serious and seem to be well controlled, however recent research has provided new evidence. The short-term side effects of phototherapy include interference with maternal-infant interaction, imbalance of thermal environment and water loss, electrolyte disturbance, bronze baby syndrome and circadian rhythm disorder. In addition, phototherapy may be associated with some long-term side effects such as melanocytic nevi and skin cancer, allergic diseases, patent ductus arteriosus and retinal damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop evidence-based guidelines, new light devices and alternative agents, as well as individualized treatments, to minimize the side effects of phototherapy.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 05/2012; 14(5):396-400.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the risk factors related to post-asphyxial multiple organ dysfunction (PA-MOD) in neonates.
A total of 397 neonates with birth asphyxia were enrolled from January 2009 to December 2010.The patients were divided into PA-MOD group (n=179) and non-PA-MOD group (n=218). The risk factors of PA-MOD were retrospectively studied.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that severe asphyxia, fetal distress, abnormal labor, and decreased amniotic fluid were the risk factors for PA-MOD among the neonates. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the number of the involved organs increased along with the increase of age at admission (P<0.05) and with the decrease of gestational age and birth weight (P<0.05).
The efforts should be made to enhance perinatal care for neonates, especially for preterm infants and low-birh-weight infants, to decrease the incidence of MOD.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 12/2011; 13(12):940-3.
-
Zhonghua er ke za zhi. Chinese journal of pediatrics 10/2011; 49(10):756-60.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To identify the risk factors for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates.
Fifty infants with PDA and 100 infants without PDA were enrolled. Chi-square test, Student's t test and the linear correlation analysis were used to study the clinical data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors for PDA.
The prevalence of PDA was negatively correlated with the gestation age (r=-0.03, P<0.05) and birth weight (r=-0.04, P<0.05). Oxygen inhalation was a protective factor for the development of PDA. Fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, oligohydramnios, cord entanglement, 1 minute Apgar score <8, maternal infection and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were the independent risk factors for the development of PDA.
The incidence of PDA can be reduced by preventing maternal infection, premature birth, low birth weight and hypoxia.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 05/2011; 13(5):388-91.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of dimethyloxalyl glycine on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats.
Forty eight postnatal day 10 SD rats were divided into 3 groups, including sham surgery group, hypoxic-ischemic group and DMOG treated group. The brain tissues were collected at 4, 8, 24 and 72 hours after the hypoxic-ischemic treatment. The expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alfa) protein and anti apoptoticprotein cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining.
The expression level of HIF-1alpha was significantly higher in DMOG treated group than in hypoxic-ischemic group. While the expression level of CC3 was lower and the number of tunel positive cells was fewer in DMOG treated group than that in hypoxic-ischemic group.
Dimethyloxalyl glycine may play a neuro-protective role in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn rats by stabilizing HIF-1alpha.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 05/2011; 42(3):322-5.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To find a better method for harvesting highly purified neurons by comparing three methods used for co-culture of neurons and astrocytes. METHODS: The co-culture models of neurons and astrocytes were established by primary culture, Banker's co-culture method or Transwell cell-culture inserts. The neurons and astrocytes cultured in vitro were from neonatal rats. RESULTS: The highly purified neurons were not harvested by primary culture because the neurons and astrocytes grew on the same cover slip and it was difficult to control the growth velocity of astrocytes. The highly purified neurons were harvested by Banker's co-culture method or the method using Transwell cell-culture inserts, but the procedure of the former was more complicated than that of the later. CONCLUSIONS: The culture method using Transwell cell-culture inserts is recommended for the establishment of the co-culture system of neurons and astrocytes.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 12/2010; 12(12):984-987.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have been widely used in neonatal clinics. However, the complications such as infection after PICC treatment are also confronting neonatologists especially in developing countries. This study was undertaken to investigate whether PICCs is a safe treatment for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
Fifty-nine VLBW and ELBW infants receiving PICCs and 89 VLBW and ELBW infants receiving peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) were included in this study. The incidence of sepsis and mortality were compared retrospectively between the two groups.
There was no difference in the total sepsis incidence and mortality between the PICCs and PIVCs groups (P=0.11 and P=0.61 respectively). However, the candidal sepsis incidence was higher in the PICCs group than in the PIVCs group [6/59 (10.2%) vs 2/89 (2.2%); P=0.044 (Exat Sig. 1-sided), OR=4.93, 95% CI 0.96-25.3].
Placement and indwelling of PICCs are a potential risk factor for candidal sepsis among VLBW and ELBW infants.
World Journal of Pediatrics 05/2010; 6(2):154-7. · 1.22 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is widely used to provide a long-term access for the administration of total parenteral nutrition and medications. Catheter-related infections (CRI) are common complications of PICC. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the role of low-dose heparin added to the total nutrient admixture (CTNA) in the prevention of CRI.
Eighty-three neonates who underwent PICC received TNA with (heparin group, n=43) or without heparin (0.5 U/mL) (control group, n=40). The incidence of CRI was compared between the two groups.
The incidences of catheter obstruction (5% vs 20%) and the catheter-tip colonization (2% vs 18%) in the heparin group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). None of the neonates in the heparin group had clinical evidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection, but 5 cases in the control group (p<0.05).
The administration of low-dose heparin in TNA may decrease the incidences of catheter obstruction and CRI.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 12/2009; 11(12):983-5.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the relationship between the expression of glucose transporter protein 1 and the apoptosis of neuron during hypoxic-ischemia brain damage in neonatal rats.
Total 120 10-day old SD rats were divided into normal group, sham control group and hypoxic-ischemia (HI) group. In HI group, hypoxic-ischemia brain damage (HIBD) were generated according to Rice-Vannucci method, brain tissues were harvested at 2, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after HI. The brain samples were also collected at the same time points in normal group and sham control group. The pathological changes was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the mRNA expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expressions of GLUT1 and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) were detected by immunohistochemistry, the apoptosis of neuron was measured by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.
HE staining showed that the degree of brain cell damage increased with time after HI, the loss of neuronal cells peaked at 48 h, while the cells in control group apperanted in an orderly and normal morphology. The mRNA and protein expressions of GLUT1 were increased after HI, which began to increase at 2 h, and reach the peak at 24 h. and the expression levels at each time points were statistically higher (P< 0.01) than those in control group. CC3 protein expression also began to increase at 2 h, peaked at 48 h after HI, which was higher than that of control group (P<0.01). The number of positive cells was significantly increased after HI,with a peak at 48 h.
The mRNA and protein expression of GLUT1 in brain tissue increased significantly after hypoxic-ischemia, and the peak time was earlier than that of CC3 protein and cellular apoptosis. This suggests that GLUT1 expression upregulation may be a certain degree of inhibition on neuronal apoptosis.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 09/2009; 40(5):829-33.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pharmacological intervention is an important means for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). As meta-analyses and randomized controlled clinical trials based on evidence-based medicine are able to provide the most reliable evidence for clinical practice, this study searched several databases in order to find the clinical evidence for the pharmacological treatment of neonatal HIE.
Meta-analyses and randomized (or quasi-randomized) controlled trials (RCT) for pharmacological therapy of HIE in term or late preterm newborn infants were searched from the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Oxford Neonatal Group and Cochrane Library. The relevant literatures were statistically analyzed.
Four Meta-analyses and thirteen RCTs were found to be involved in barbiturate, allopurinol, magnesium sulfate, mannitol, naloxone and dopamine therapy. None of the drugs could significantly decrease the mortality and the incidence of seizure or severe neurodevelopmental disabilities in newborn infants with HIE.
Current clinical evidence indicates that no individual drug could decrease mortality and improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with HIE. Problems such as small scale in sampling and discrepancy in the identification of drug efficacy which exist in the clinical trials might lead to the uncertain effect of the drugs, and large sized and collaborative clinical trials are needed in the future.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 09/2009; 11(9):740-4.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a nuclear transcriptional factor, is constitutively expressed in mammalian cells under hypoxia, which contributes a lot to the regulation of internal O2 homeostasis. Micro-environmental hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors. Under the stress of hypoxia, HIF-1alpha is accumulated and activated, which leads to activation of a vast array of downstream genes that contribute to tumor O2 homeostasis and energy metabolic equilibrium. HIF-1alpha weighs heavily in favor of tumor genesis and progression. So far, HIF-1alpha has became an attracting tumor research topic, which improves understanding on how HIF-1alpha functions in tumor progression and key signaling pathways that regulate HIF-1alpha, therefore, provides new scientific supports and ideas to look for novel target for tumor therapy.
Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer 08/2009; 28(7):775-82.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a rate-limiting enzyme which dictates the activity of human telomerase and thus decides the life span of cells. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of hTERT in bone marrow from children with beta-thalassemia major and the relationship between the expression of hTERT and hemoglobin levels.
Multiple allele specific polymerase chain reaction (MASPCR) was used for targeted DNA amplification and gene mutation analysis of beta-thalassemia. hTERT mRNA expression in bone marrow was examined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in 29 children with beta-thalassemia major, in 10 children with agranulocytosis and in K562 cell line. The hemoglobin levels in peripheral blood were measured. The relationship between hTERT expression and hemoglobin levels was evaluated by the Spearman test in the beta-thalassemia major group.
hTERT mRNA expression significantly increased in bone marrow from children with beta-thalassemia major compared with that from children with agranulocytosis (0.2928+/- 0.0838 vs 0.0993+/- 0.0336; P<0.01), but was significantly lower than that in K562 cell line (0.8291+/- 0.0908) (P<0.01). A significantly inverse correlation was found between hTERT mRNA expression and hemoglobin levels (r=-0.841, P<0.01).
A low hemoglobin concentration might contribute to the up-regulation of marrow hTERT expression in children with beta-thalassemia major.
Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 06/2009; 11(6):449-52.
