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ABSTRACT: To study compliance in the medical treatment of glaucoma, its possible association with other factors, and quality of life of patients with glaucoma.
Longitudinal prospective study of 60 patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma who were treated with travoprost, or with a fixed combination of travoprost/timolol nightly. All subjects were given a Travalert(®) dosing aid and were reviewed after one and four months. Strict and relative compliance data were collected on each visit. The relationship between compliance and other variables was studied using univariate analysis. To analyse quality of life, patients were given self-assessment STAI anxiety questionnaires after the first and last visits.
Relative compliance for the four months was significantly greater than the strict compliance (P=.001). In the group of least compliance the number of patients on treatment with combination therapy was significantly higher than those on monotherapy. In the lost cases, the number of men was significantly higher than women. No association was found in the other variables. The anxiety was similar to that in the normal population.
Compliance is very important in the treatment of glaucoma, and our study provides objective data through the use of Travalert dosing aid with relative compliances of 70%. Patients with combined therapies have lower compliance than those on monotherapy.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 09/2011; 86(9):282-6.
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ABSTRACT: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT).
IOPs were measured by GAT and DCT in 63 eyes of 63 healthy subjects. A comparison was made by intraclass correlation coefficient. Passing-Bablok plot was constructed to establish the existence of systematic and/or proportional biases. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine whether the measurements of both instruments were affected by the power of the steepest and flattest corneal axes, their orientation, age or central corneal thickness (CCT).
The intra-class correlations (ICCs) were 0.57 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.29-0.74). Mean differences were 1.68 (DCT minus GAT) (95% CI: 0.92-2.44). Passing-Bablok analysis (X=DCT, Y=GAT) revealed a systematic bias (A=-14.35, 95% CI: -24.51-[-9.14]) and a proportional bias (B=1.74, 95% CI: 1.43-2.26). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the DCT was independent of the corneal characteristics analysed while GAT was biased by CCT (B=0.042, 95% CI: 0.002-0.082).
While GAT was biased by corneal CCT; DCT readings were independent of corneal morphometry.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 09/2011; 86(9):287-91.
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ABSTRACT: To determine possible differences in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) lowering capacity of the fixed drug combinations dorzolamide/timolol and brinzolamide/timolol.
In this cross-sectional study, one of the eyes of 25 healthy subjects was randomly assigned to treatment with dorzolamide/timolol and the other eye with brinzolamide/timolol. After instilling the drops, possible adverse effects (e.g., blurred vision, itching) were assessed in each eye. This assessment was repeated 30 minutes later. IOP and OPA were determined In each eye by dynamic contour tonometry at baseline and two hours following treatment.
Both fixed drug combinations significantly reduced IOP and OPA with no differences detected between treatment groups. Among the adverse effects recorded, itching was significantly greater in the first assessment in the eyes treated with dorzolamide/timolol (P = .011). This difference was no longer apparent in the second assessment.
Both fixed combinations were similarly effective in reducing intraocular pressure and ocular pulse amplitude. Adverse effects related to both treatments were mild and well-tolerated, though itching occurred most frequently in the eyes treated with dorzolamide/timolol.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 05/2011; 86(5):149-53.
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ABSTRACT: To compare the efficiency and secondary effects of using 1% rimexolone or 0.1% dexamethasone as postoperative treatment for cataract surgery.
A prospective study performed on a cohort of 37 patients undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with no intraoperative complications at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid. After surgery, 19 of the patients were randomly assigned to receive topical 0.1% dexamethasone (DEX group) as inflammatory treatment and the remaining 18 subjects were treated with 1% rimexolone ( RIMEX group) following the same regime. Twenty four hours and one month after surgery, visual acuity, conjunctival hyperaemia, anterior chamber cells, anterior chamber flare, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness and macular edema were determined in each patient.
The repeated measures test performed on 24 hours and 1 month data revealed a significant difference between the two treatments in terms of Tyndall (p = 0.001) and flare (p= 0.034) values; these variables being lower in the dexamethasone group. No differences were observed in the remaining variables examined.
Rimexolone is as efficient and safe as dexamethasone for the treatment of patients undergoing cataract extraction.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 07/2009; 84(6):299-304.
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ABSTRACT: CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old man developed a partial limbal stem cell deficiency secondary to a chemical injury in the left eye. He was treated with a sectorial conjunctival epitheliectomy and amniotic membrane transplantation. After 3 weeks there was an intact, smooth and stable corneal epithelium. DISCUSSION: This case report emphasizes that conjunctival epitheliectomy and amniotic membrane transplantation appears to be a safe and effective method of restoring a stable corneal epithelium for cases of partial limbal stem cell deficiency.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 01/2008; 82(12):769-72.
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ABSTRACT: To correlate the optic nerve head topographic parameters measured by the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT) with the perimetric indices of standard automated perimetry (SAP).
This study included 101 normal subjects, 247 ocular hypertensive eyes (increased intraocular pressure with normal SAP) and 102 glaucomatous subjects (IOP above 21 mm Hg and abnormal standard automated perimetry). Only one eye was randomly chosen from each subject for the study. The visual field was evaluated by means of Humphrey Field Analyzer (24-2 full threshold strategy). The HRT II (Heidelberg Engineering) was used to acquire and measure the optic disc topographic parameters. Pearson correlations between topographic data and perimetric indices were performed for the total sample and each group of patients. The distribution of values obtained in the samples was normal.
A significant correlation was found between several optic disc parameters and the global indices of SAP. Rim area, rim volume, cup/disc area ratio, rim/disc area ratio, cup shape measurement, RNFL cross-sectional area, and discriminant functions FSM and RB, showed the strongest correlation with the visual field indices in the total and glaucoma groups (RIM AREA: total group: r=0.32; p=4.14x10(-11)/glaucoma group: r=0.28; p=0.004. RIM VOLUME: total group: r=0.26; p=1.55x10(-7)/glaucoma group: r=0.26; p=0.006). The ocular hypertensive group showed few significant correlations.
The correlations found between standard automated perimetry and HRT defined topographic parameters allow a better understanding of glaucomatous damage and make decision-making easier.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 08/2007; 82(7):401-11.
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of three digital imaging technologies (HRT-II, OCT and GDx VCC) in detecting glaucomatous damage.
A total of 427 eyes from 427 subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Each subject was classified as healthy, ocular hypertensive or glaucomatous, according to intraocular pressure levels, standard automated perimetry and optic disc morphology. All of them underwent examination by means of HRT, OCT and GDx VCC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and sensitivities at fixed specificities (85% and 95%) were calculated for each parameter assessed.
The parameters with the higher diagnostic ability were: FSM discriminant function from HRT-II (AUC=0.899), retinal nerve fiber layer average thickness from OCT (AUC=0.929) and NFI from GDx VCC (AUC=0.879), with no statistically significant differences between them.
The HRT-II, OCT and GDx VCC provide measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer and the optic nerve head with high discriminating ability in open-angle glaucoma.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 01/2007; 81(12):693-700.
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ABSTRACT: CASE REPORT: A 78-year-old woman, with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease, was treated with nebulised ipratropium bromide and salbutamol. Twenty hours after beginning this treatment, she developed acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) in her left eye which resolved rapidly with appropriate treatment. DISCUSSION: Nebulised ipratropium bromide and salbutamol increases the intraocular pressure and may cause an AACG in susceptible patients (those with a shallow anterior chamber, hypermetropia, or chronic angle-closure glaucoma). Increased vigilance in such patients treated with these bronchodilators may avoid this adverse effect. Ensuring the mask is correctly fitted, using a T-piece or unvented nebuliser and protective eye wear, are some of the many recommendations made to minimize the development of AACG in these patients.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 12/2006; 81(11):657-60.
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ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to determine the intraocular pressure- (IOP) lowering efficacy over two consecutive 24-h periods of travoprost 0.004% ophthalmic solution (Travatan) compared to latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan) dosed once daily in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
This was a double-masked trial conducted at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. The primary objective of this study was to determine the IOP lowering efficacy of travoprost and latanoprost. During the eligibility visit, patients' IOP was measured throughout two consecutive 24-h periods every 4 h. Patients were then randomized to travoprost or latanoprost (one drop at 8 p.m. daily for 2 weeks). Sixty-two patients were randomized (travoprost n = 32; latanoprost n = 30). IOP was measured at week 2 every 4 h throughout two 24-h periods. All measurements were taken in both supine and sitting positions with the aid of Perkins applanation tonometry. Limitations of the study include a small sample size (due to the difficulty in recruiting patients in a study of this type) which enrolled only Caucasian patients and a short study duration. However, with 25 subjects per group, there was at least 90% power to detect a mean IOP change from baseline of 2.9 mmHg and 80% power to detect a difference of 2.5 mmHg between treatments.
Patients on travoprost therapy showed lower mean IOP levels than those on latanoprost. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 40, and 48 h after the last dose for the supine position. The mean IOPs in the supine position throughout the first and the second 24-h period of the week 2 visit as well as for the 48-h visit were statistically lower (p < 0.05) for the travoprost group. Adverse events were mild and included hyperemia and corneal staining. Travoprost and latanoprost were both well tolerated.
Mean IOP values were significantly lower for patients on travoprost for the majority of time points in the supine position.
Current Medical Research and Opinion 09/2006; 22(9):1689-97. · 2.38 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: CASE REPORT: Simultaneous Ahmed valve implant, combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery, is a useful therapeutic option for patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, when conventional filtering surgery fails. This combined approach permits both control of intraocular pressure and early recovery of visual function. We report the results in five patients successfully treated with this combined procedure, two of whom developed early postoperative malignant glaucoma. DISCUSSION: Predisposing anatomic features in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, associated with sudden anterior chamber decompression and increased postoperative inflammation, may facilitate the development of malignant glaucoma following combined glaucoma implant and phacoemulsification surgery.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 12/2005; 80(11):667-70.
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ABSTRACT: CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old woman with a history of aphakic glaucoma underwent implantation of an Ahmed valve and scleral grafting in her right eye. Postoperative visual acuity was 0.5 and intraocular pressure was 12 mmHg during treatment with brimonidine tartrate (0.2%). Nine months after implantation she suffered a conjunctival infection which was treated with hygienic measures and topical antibiotic therapy. Four days later, she developed an endophthalmitis which was treated with topical, intravitreous and intravenous vancomycin and ceftazidime. The Ahmed drainage implant was replaced at 72 hours. Laboratory culture yielded Haemophilus influenzae. Four days later, the eye was enucleated. DISCUSSION: Endophthalmitis is an uncommon complication of glaucoma drainage implant surgery. Exposure of the drainage tube represents the greatest risk factor for this condition. Removal of the implant in the first 24 hours is recommended if a good visual prognosis is to be achieved.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 12/2005; 80(11):659-61.
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ABSTRACT: CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old woman, with a history of a right retinal detachment treated by vitrectomy and silicone oil injection, who subsequently had the oil removed. She presented to us with a hypertensive anterior uveitis, which could not be controlled with medical treatment. On examination, micro-bubbles of emulsified silicone oil were evident in the anterior chamber simulating tyndall. A secondary glaucoma to emulsified silicone oil in the anterior chamber was diagnosed, and surgical treatment was proposed. DISCUSSION: Although secondary glaucoma is a frequent complication after oil silicone injection in vitreo-retinopathy surgery, the presence of emulsified silicone oil in the anterior chamber simulating tyndall is uncommon.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 11/2005; 80(10):619-21.
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ABSTRACT: We report a patient who developed secondary glaucoma 1 year after phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.
Journal of Cataract [?] Refractive Surgery 09/2004; 30(8):1786-9. · 2.26 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: CASE REPORT: A 72 year old man with open-angle glaucoma was treated with trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. Two years later, intraocular pressure increased making it necessary to add travoprost 0.004%. Two weeks later, visual acuity decreased. The diagnosis of cystoid macular edema and post-treatment observation were carried out using optical coherence tomography. DISCUSSION: Cystoid macular edema is one of the most important effects of hypotensive lipids. Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive method useful for the diagnosis and evolution of this complication.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 07/2004; 79(6):295-7.
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ABSTRACT: To determine if the measures obtained in an optic disc study using the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) can be adequately correlated with values provided by the confocal scanning laser Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).
We analyzed 20 eyes of 20 normal subjects. The contours of the optic disc were drawn by a single operator using both instruments. The data compared were the values of 10 variables denoted in the same way by each instrument and these provided information on disc and cup morphology.
Of the 10 variables, only the following three showed clear correlation between the two instruments: maximum cup depth (r=0.926, p=0.001), mean cup depth (r=0.857, p=0.001) and cup shape measure (CSM, r=0.672, p=0.002). The correlation shown by the remaining variables ranged from 0.001 (cup area) and 0.488 (cup volume).
The variables showing best correlation between instruments were those providing information on cup morphology. Operator subjectivity when drawing the disc contour using each device could account for the lower incidence of correlation of the other variables examined.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 02/2004; 79(1):21-5.
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ABSTRACT: To study the intraocular position and anatomic relationships of the PRL-III phakic refractive lens (PRL), a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PCP IOL), in cases of hyperopia using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).
Centro Oftalmológico Real Vision, Madrid, Spain, and Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Eleven phakic hyperopic eyes of 6 patients who had PRL implantation were examined by UBM 1 month after surgery. The PRL position, PRL-crystalline lens peripheral distance, and central distance between the corneal endothelium and the PRL were measured.
Eight eyes had both haptics on the zonule, 2 had 1 haptic in the sulcus and 1 on the zonule, and 1 had 1 haptic in the sulcus and the other in the ciliary body. The mean PCP IOL-crystalline lens peripheral distance in the minor axis was 239.7 microm +/- 179.4 (SD) and the mean PCP IOL-endothelium central distance, 2146.98 +/- 219.6 microm. Contact between the PCP IOL and crystalline lens was observed in 1 eye.
In this study of hyperopic eyes, the PRL was located on the zonule in most cases. However, the location of the haptics in the sulcus and contact between the PCP IOL and the crystalline lens that occurred in some cases suggest further study of possible long-term complications is needed.
Journal of Cataract [?] Refractive Surgery 11/2003; 29(10):1940-6. · 2.26 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: CASE REPORT: A 40 year-old man with advanced pigmentary glaucoma in the left eye underwent trabeculectomy. In the immediate postoperative period, visual acuity decreased with no alterations noted on examination of the fundus or on angiofluoresceingraphy. Through optical coherence tomography, we were able to make a diagnosis of hypotonic maculopathy and treatment was immediately started. DISCUSSION: Hypotony maculopathy is one of the most feared complications of filtering eye surgery. In some cases, optical coherence tomography can be useful to confirm its diagnosis non invasively.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 10/2003; 78(10):567-9.
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ABSTRACT: To describe the ocular changes observed in six patients treated with intravenous cidofovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis.
We have studied six patients (12 eyes) treated with intravenous cidofovir. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed before and after each dose during the follow-up period, paying special attention to intraocular pressure changes.
Three cases of non-granulomatous anterior uveitis with good response to conventional treatment were detected. The intraocular pressure decreased after the administration of the two first doses of the drug (p<0.01), and was followed by stabilization of the intraocular pressure with the next doses. In two of the eyes (16.7%), the decrease in the intraocular pressure was more than 50% in comparison to the measurements at the onset of treatment. In three eyes (18.7%), we detected acute anterior uveitis, which responded well to conventional treatment.
The intravenous administration of cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis is associated with important ocular changes that must be carefully observed in the follow-up of these patients.
Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 04/2001; 76(4):213-20.
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ABSTRACT: To report a case of herpetic optic neuritis associated with herpetic keratitis.
A 65 year old woman presented with oedema in the nasal sector of his right papilla. Blood biochemistry, a haemogram, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were all normal. The patient was diagnosed as having a non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. One week later slit lamp examination showed diffuse stromal corneal oedema and a dendritic lesion in the nasal zone of the corneal epithelium.
Serology for varicela-zoster virus was positive. Treatment was started with valacyclovir given orally and topical acyclovir ointment. A week later, the optic disc swelling and corneal lesions had resolved.
The precise mechanism through which the papilla and cornea were successively affected in our patient is unclear but the sensitive innervation of both these structures is provided by the nasal branch of the nasociliary nerve and the spread of herpes via this nerve could affect both sites.
European journal of ophthalmology 17(4):683-4. · 0.96 Impact Factor
