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ABSTRACT: The rate of weight gain in preterm infants who are exposed to music seems to improve. A potential mechanism could be increased metabolic efficiency; therefore, we conducted this study to test the hypothesis that music by Mozart reduces resting energy expenditure (REE) in growing healthy preterm infants. DESIGN. A prospective, randomized clinical trial with crossover was conducted in 20 healthy, appropriate-weight-for-gestational-age, gavage-fed preterm infants. Infants were randomly assigned to be exposed to a 30-minute period of Mozart music or no music on 2 consecutive days. Metabolic measurements were performed by indirect calorimetry.
REE was similar during the first 10-minute period of both randomization groups. During the next 10-minute period, infants who were exposed to music had a significantly lower REE than when not exposed to music (P = .028). This was also true during the third 10-minute period (P = .03). Thus, on average, the effect size of music on REE is a reduction of approximately 10% to 13% from baseline, an effect obtained within 10 to 30 minutes.
Exposure to Mozart music significantly lowers REE in healthy preterm infants. We speculate that this effect of music on REE might explain, in part, the improved weight gain that results from this "Mozart effect."
PEDIATRICS 12/2009; 125(1):e24-8. · 4.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Massage therapy has been consistently shown to increase weight gain in preterm infants. The mechanism of this presumed improved metabolic efficiency is unknown. We conducted the following trial to test the hypothesis that massage therapy reduces energy expenditure in growing healthy preterm infants. Study
A prospective, randomized, cross-over design study was conducted in 10 healthy, appropriate weights for gestational age, gavage fed preterm infants. Each infant was studied twice: after a period of either 5 days of massage therapy, or after a period of 5 days without massage therapy. Infants were randomized to 5 days of massage followed by 5 days of no massage (n = 5) or the opposite sequence (n = 5). During the massage therapy period, massage was provided daily for three 15 minute periods at the beginning of each 3 hour period every morning. Metabolic measurements were performed by indirect calorimetry, using the Deltatrac II Metabolic cart.
Energy expenditure was significantly lower in infants after the 5 day massage therapy period (59.6 +/- 3.6 Kcal/Kg/ 24 hours) than after the period without (63.1 +/- 5.4 Kcal/Kg/ 24 hours) (p = 0.05).
Energy expenditure is significantly lowered by 5 days of massage therapy in metabolically and thermally stable preterm infants. This decrease in energy expenditure may be in part responsible for the enhanced growth caused by massage therapy.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 09/2007; 26(4):356-9. · 2.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Mercury-in-glass thermometers are considered the "gold-standard" for temperature measurements, but require at least 4 minutes for accuracy. Electronic thermometers sample temperature measurements over a shorter period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the Penguin (Medisim, Jerusalem, Israel) and the IVAC (San Diego, CA) Temp plus II thermometers in preterm infants. Axillary temperature was obtained in 50 thermally stable preterm infants each time with the mercury-in-glass, the IVAC, and the Penguin thermometers. Analysis of variance F-test, and linear regression analyses were used to test correlation of each electronic thermometer with the mercury-in-glass one, and the effect of body weight. Temperature measurement taken with the Penguin thermometer was significantly higher than that measured with the two other ones, p < 0.001. The differences in means and in variances were not significantly different between IVAC and mercury-in-glass, while the variance of the Penguin measurement was higher than that of the two other instruments (p < 0.001). The IVAC instrument correlated more tightly with the mercury-in-glass (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) than did the Penguin (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between the deviation of the Penguin measurement from the mercury-in-glass and the weight of the patient ( p < 0.08), while no significant correlation was found between the deviation of the IVAC measurement from the mercury in glass and the patient's weight (p = 0.56). Measurements of axillary temperature using the Penguin thermometer in incubated preterm infants are less accurate and less reproducible than those obtained using the IVAC or the glass thermometers.
American Journal of Perinatology 05/2003; 20(4):201-4. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We prospectively tested the hypothesis that prevention of lateral movement of the head, using a specially designed head support apparatus, would prevent oxygen desaturation in preterm infants restrained in car seats. Preterm infants reaching 34 to 35 weeks' gestation were studied at the week of discharge in 3 different conditions for 20 minutes each time: supine decubitus, sitting position in a newborn car seat, and sitting position in the car seat equipped with an apparatus that supports the head, while monitored by pulse oxymetry. Data are expressed as percent of time over each period during which the oxygen saturation was below 90, 92, 94, or 96%. Statistical analysis was by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by paired Student t-test for differences of means. There were no significant differences among groups in percent of time with oxygen saturation below 96, 94, 92, or 90%. Oxygenation is not improved in relatively healthy preterm infants placed in a car seat when their head is supported to prevent lateral movements by a special apparatus.
American Journal of Perinatology 05/2002; 19(3):115-8. · 1.32 Impact Factor
