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ABSTRACT: We aimed to describe the sleep patterns in Spanish adolescents and to examine the relationships of sleep duration and morning tiredness with participation in leisure-time physical-sporting activities (LT-PA) and television (TV) watching. Sleep duration, morning tiredness, participation in LT-PA and time spent on watching TV were reported by 2,179 (1,139 females) Spanish adolescents (AVENA study). Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression. One-fifth of the adolescents reported insufficient night sleep (<8 h) on school days. The review of the literature (30 studies) showed that the Spanish adolescents sleep as long as adolescents from central Europe, and longer than those from other Mediterranean countries, South Africa, Asia and North America. Insufficient sleep duration doubled the odds of excessive TV watching (≥3 h/day) in males, regardless of morning tiredness (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.42-3.27). Morning tiredness reduced the odds of participating in any LT-PA in both males and females (0.49, 0.34-0.70 and 0.49, 0.35-0.69, respectively), and increased the odds of excessive TV watching in females, regardless of sleep duration (2.49, 1.64-3.79). We conclude that non-participation in LT-PA is associated with morning tiredness in male and female adolescents, while excessive TV watching is more associated with short sleep or morning tiredness depending on gender.
Arbeitsphysiologie 10/2010; 110(3):563-73. · 2.15 Impact Factor
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David Martinez-Gomez,
J Pablo Rey-López,
Palma Chillón,
Sonia Gómez-Martínez,
Germán Vicente-Rodríguez,
Miguel Martín-Matillas,
Miguel Garcia-Fuentes, Manuel Delgado,
Luis A Moreno,
Oscar L Veiga,
Joey C Eisenmann,
Ascension Marcos
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ABSTRACT: Excessive television (TV) viewing might play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the independent associations between TV viewing and CVD risk factors in adolescents.
A sample of 425 adolescents, aged 13- to 18.5-year-old, was included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1, apo B-100, and lipoprotein(a) levels were determined. A composite CVD risk score was computed based on age-, sex-, sexual maturation- and race-standardized triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose. TV viewing was self-reported.
Two hundred and twenty-five adolescents (53%) who spent >3 hrs/day watching TV were considered as the "high TV viewing" group. Ninety-nine adolescents (23%) from the total sample were classified as overweight according to International age- and sex-specific BMI values. The high TV viewing group had significantly less favorable values of HDL-cholesterol, glucose, apo A1 and CVD score, independent of age, sex, sexual maturation, race and weight status. There was a significant interaction effect of TV viewing x weight status (P = 0.002) on WC, and the negative influence of TV viewing on WC persisted in the overweight group (P = 0.031) but was attenuated in non-overweight adolescents (P > 0.05).
Excessive TV viewing seems to be related to an unfavorable CVD risk factors profile in adolescence. Reducing TV viewing in overweight adolescents might be beneficial to decrease abdominal body fat.
BMC Public Health 01/2010; 10:274. · 2.00 Impact Factor
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David Martinez-Gomez,
Sonia Gomez-Martinez,
M Angeles Puertollano,
Esther Nova,
Julia Wärnberg,
Oscar L Veiga,
Amelia Martí,
Cristina Campoy,
Jesus M Garagorri,
Cristina Azcona,
M Pilar Vaquero,
Carlos Redondo-Figuero, Manuel Delgado,
J Alfredo Martínez,
Miguel Garcia-Fuentes,
Luis A Moreno,
Ascension Marcos
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ABSTRACT: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity).
The EVASYON was planned by a multidisciplinary team to treat OW/OB in Spanish adolescents. The EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 hospitals in 5 Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza) and two hundred and four OW/OB Spanish adolescents were recruited for this intervention. The treatment was implemented for approximately one-year follow-up. The adolescents were treated in groups of a maximum of 10 subjects; each group had 20 visits during the treatment period in two phases: intensive during the first 2 months (1st to 9th visits), and extensive during the last 11 months (10th to 20th visits). In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment, 8 dimensions were measured: diet; physical activity and fitness; eating behaviour; body composition; haematological profile; metabolic profile; minerals and vitamins; immuno-inflammatory markers. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms were also determined.
The treatment programme developed in the EVASYON study was designed as a national pilot study to be implemented as an effective treatment for adolescents with OW/OB into the Spanish Health Care Service.
BMC Public Health 11/2009; 9:414. · 2.00 Impact Factor
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Palma Chillón,
Francisco B Ortega,
Jonatan R Ruiz,
Isaac J Pérez,
Miguel Martín-Matillas,
Jara Valtueña,
Sonia Gómez-Martínez,
Carlos Redondo,
Juan P Rey-López,
Manuel J Castillo,
Pablo Tercedor, Manuel Delgado
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed: (i) to describe the patterns of commuting to school in urban Spanish adolescents; and (ii) to examine the associations between active commuting to school (ACS) and socio-economic factors.
From the AVENA Study, 2183 adolescents (1142 females) aged 13-18.5 years were gathered. Mode and time of transportation to school were self-reported by the adolescents. Parental education level (primary, secondary or university degree), parental professional level (managerial, skilled worker or unskilled worker/unemployed) and the type of school (public or private) were self-reported by the parents. The relationships between ACS and socio-economic factors were analysed by binary logistic regression.
Nearly <65% of the adolescents reported ACS and 83% of them spent <15 min travelling to school. In male adolescents, maternal primary education level showed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-2.15), with respect to mothers with a university degree. In female adolescents, mothers with a primary education level showed an OR of 0.68 (0.50-0.92), with respect to mothers with a university degree. Low maternal professional level showed an OR of 1.70 (1.29-2.24), with respect to high maternal professional levels. Students attending public schools showed an OR of 3.47 (2.46-4.90), with respect to students from private schools.
Most of the adolescents actively commuted to school, yet the time spent commuting was low. Socio-economic level seems to be inversely related to the ACS in adolescents. Type of school and maternal educational level were the main predictors of ACS.
The European Journal of Public Health 06/2009; 19(5):470-6. · 2.73 Impact Factor
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Arlette Santacruz,
Ascensión Marcos,
Julia Wärnberg,
Amelia Martí,
Miguel Martin-Matillas,
Cristina Campoy,
Luis A Moreno,
Oscar Veiga,
Carlos Redondo-Figuero,
Jesús M Garagorri,
Cristina Azcona, Manuel Delgado,
Miguel García-Fuentes,
Maria C Collado,
Yolanda Sanz
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an obesity treatment program on the gut microbiota and body weight of overweight adolescents. Thirty-six adolescents (13-15 years), classified as overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force BMI criteria, were submitted to a calorie-restricted diet (10-40%) and increased physical activity (15-23 kcal/kg body weight/week) program over 10 weeks. Gut bacterial groups were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR before and after the intervention. A group of subjects (n=23) experienced >4.0 kg weight loss and showed significant BMI (P=0.030) and BMI z-score (P=0.035) reductions after the intervention, while the other group (n=13) showed <2.0 kg weight loss. No significant differences in dietary intake were found between both groups. In the whole adolescent population, the intervention led to increased Bacteroides fragilis group (P=0.001) and Lactobacillus group (P=0.030) counts, and to decreased Clostridium coccoides group (P=0.028), Bifidobacterium longum (P=0.031), and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (P=0.044) counts. In the high weight-loss group, B. fragilis group and Lactobacillus group counts also increased (P=0.001 and P=0.007, respectively), whereas C. coccoides group and B. longum counts decreased (P=0.001 and P=0.044, respectively) after the intervention. Total bacteria, B. fragilis group and Clostridium leptum group, and Bifidobacterium catenulatum group counts were significantly higher (P<0.001-0.036) while levels of C. coccoides group, Lactobacillus group, Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were significantly lower (P<0.001-0.008) in the high weight-loss group than in the low weight-loss group before and after the intervention. These findings indicate that calorie restriction and physical activity have an impact on gut microbiota composition related to body weight loss, which also seem to be influenced by the individual's microbiota.
Obesity 05/2009; 17(10):1906-15. · 4.28 Impact Factor
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David Martinez-Gomez,
Sonia Gomez-Martinez,
Puertollano M Angeles,
Esther Nova,
Julia Wärnberg,
Oscar Veiga,
Amelia Martí,
Cristina Campoy,
Jesus Garagorri,
Cristina Azcona,
Vaquero M Pilar,
Carlos Redondo-Figuero, Manuel Delgado,
Martínez J Alfredo,
Miguel Garcia-Fuentes,
Luis Moreno,
Ascension Marcos
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ABSTRACT: Abstract
Background
The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity).
Methods/Design
The EVASYON was planned by a multidisciplinary team to treat OW/OB in Spanish adolescents. The EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 hospitals in 5 Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza) and two hundred and four OW/OB Spanish adolescents were recruited for this intervention. The treatment was implemented for approximately one-year follow-up. The adolescents were treated in groups of a maximum of 10 subjects; each group had 20 visits during the treatment period in two phases: intensive during the first 2 months (1<sup>st </sup>to 9<sup>th </sup>visits), and extensive during the last 11 months (10<sup>th </sup>to 20<sup>th </sup>visits). In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment, 8 dimensions were measured: diet; physical activity and fitness; eating behaviour; body composition; haematological profile; metabolic profile; minerals and vitamins; immuno-inflammatory markers. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms were also determined.
Discussion
The treatment programme developed in the EVASYON study was designed as a national pilot study to be implemented as an effective treatment for adolescents with OW/OB into the Spanish Health Care Service.
BMC Public Health. 01/2009;
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether the level of physical activity or physical fitness (i.e., aerobic capacity and muscle strength) in Spanish adolescents influences lipid and metabolic profiles.
From a total of 2859 Spanish adolescents (age 13.0-18.5 years) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes) study, 460 (248 male, 212 female) were randomly selected for blood analysis. Their level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the Course-Navette test. Muscle strength was evaluated using manual dynamometry, the long jump test, and the flexed arm hang test. A lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and glucose.
No relationship was found between the level of physical activity and lipid-metabolic index in either sex. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the lipid-metabolic index and aerobic capacity in males (P=.003) after adjustment for physical activity level and muscle strength. In females, a favorable lipid-metabolic index was associated with greater muscle strength (P=.048) after adjustment for aerobic capacity.
These results indicate that, in adolescents, physical fitness, and not physical activity, is related to lipid and metabolic cardiovascular risk. Higher aerobic capacity in males and greater muscle strength in females were associated with lower lipid and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Revista Espa de Cardiologia 07/2007; 60(6):581-8. · 2.53 Impact Factor
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Germán Vicente-Rodríguez,
J Pablo Rey-López,
Miguel Martín-Matillas,
Luis A Moreno,
Julia Wärnberg,
Carlos Redondo,
Pablo Tercedor, Manuel Delgado,
Ascensión Marcos,
Manuel Castillo,
Manuel Bueno
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ABSTRACT: We assessed the individual association of sedentary behaviors with the risk of overweight and excess body fat (overfat) in adolescents.
A representative sample (1960 subjects, 1012 males, age 13-18.5 y) of Spanish adolescents was studied within the framework of the Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional de los Adolescentes (AVENA) study. Television (TV) watching, videogame and computer usage, doing homework, and the way students got to school, physical activity, and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Anthropometrics were measured to describe overweight (International Obesity Task Force cutoffs for body mass index) and overfat (body fat percentage >85th percentile).
When all subjects were considered as an entire group, the overweight risk increased by 15.8% (P < 0.05) per increasing hour of TV watching. The overweight risks decreased by 32.5% in females, 22% per increasing year of age, and 12.5% by increasing socioeconomic status by 1 U (all Ps < 0.05). The obesity risks decreased with age by 17.8% per year in males and 27.1% in females (both Ps < 0.05). The overfat risks increased by 26.8% and 9.4% per increasing hour of TV and weekend videogame usage, respectively (both Ps < 0.05). In males, the overfat risk increased by 21.5% per increasing hour in weekend videogame usage (P < 0.05). Each hour of TV use increased the overfat risks by 22% in males and 28.3% in females (both Ps < 0.05).
Time spent watching TV increased the risk of overweight and obesity in Spanish adolescents, but the effect was influenced by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Moreover, an excess of body fat was more directly explained by the time spent watching TV and playing videogames during the weekend.
Nutrition 24(7-8):654-62. · 3.03 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Introducción y objetivosEstudiar si la actividad física realizada o el grado de condición física (capacidad aeróbica y fuerza) que poseen los adolescentes españoles, están asociados con su perfil lipídico-metabólico.MétodosDel total de 2.859 adolescentes españoles (13-18,5 años) evaluados en el estudio AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes), 460 (248 varones y 212 mujeres) fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente para un análisis sanguíneo. Se evaluó el grado de actividad física mediante cuestionarios. La capacidad aeróbica fue estimada a partir del test de Course-Navette. La fuerza muscular se valoró mediante una dinamometría manual, un salto de longitud y la flexión de brazos en una barra. Se calculó un índice lipídico- metabólico de riesgo cardiovascular según las concentraciones de triglicéridos, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL), colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) y glucosa.ResultadosLa actividad física no mostró asociación con el índice lipídico-metabólico en ninguno de los dos sexos. El índice lipídico-metabólico se relacionó inversamente con la capacidad aeróbica en los varones (p = 0,003) tras ajustar por el grado de actividad física y la fuerza muscular. En las mujeres, un perfil lipídico-metabólico más cardiosaludable se asoció con una mayor fuerza muscular (p = 0,048) tras ajustar por la capacidad aeróbica.ConclusionesEstos resultados indican que en la adolescencia es el grado de condición física, y no tanto la actividad física, lo que se relaciona con el perfil de riesgo lipídico- metabólico. Una alta capacidad aeróbica en varones y un alto grado de fuerza muscular en mujeres se asocian con un menor riesgo lipídico-metabólico de enfermedad cardiovascular.Introduction and objectivesTo determine whether the level of physical activity or physical fitness (i.e., aerobic capacity and muscle strength) in Spanish adolescents influences lipid and metabolic profiles.MethodsFrom a total of 2859 Spanish adolescents (age 13.0–18.5 years) taking part in the AVENA (Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes) study, 460 (248 male, 212 female) were randomly selected for blood analysis. Their level of physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the Course–Navette test. Muscle strength was evaluated using manual dynamometry, the long jump test, and the flexed arm hang test. A lipid-metabolic cardiovascular risk index was derived from the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and glucose.ResultsNo relationship was found between the level of physical activity and lipid–metabolic index in either sex. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the lipid–metabolic index and aerobic capacity in males (P=.003) after adjustment for physical activity level and muscle strength. In females, a favorable lipid-metabolic index was associated with greater muscle strength (P=.048) after adjustment for aerobic capacity.ConclusionsThese results indicate that, in adolescents, physical fitness, and not physical activity, is related to lipid and metabolic cardiovascular risk. Higher aerobic capacity in males and greater muscle strength in females were associated with lower lipid and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Revista Española de Cardiología.
