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ABSTRACT: The occurrence of a highly conserved 11-mer repeating motif in the primary sequence is a major characteristic of group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA3) proteins, which are strongly associated with abiotic stress tolerance of the plants. In this study, the three-dimensional structure, mimetic membrane association, and salt effect for consensus 11-mer motif from soybean PM2 protein (LEA3) were investigated in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles by NMR techniques. It was shown that the 11-mer motif was disordered in aqueous solution, but adopted an α-helix in SDS micelles. NMR diffusion measurements demonstrated that the 11-mer motif was associated with SDS micelles. Paramagnetic quenching NMR experiments further revealed the orientation of the 11-mer motif with respect to the mimetic membrane: the ordered N-terminal segment was inserted into the mimetic membrane, and the disordered C-terminal segment was exposed to water. In addition, salt addition could not change the secondary structure of the 11-mer motif, but might slightly alter the relative spatial position of some N-terminal residue atoms. These results implied that the 11-mer motif would take an important role in structural plasticity and membrane stabilization for LEA3 proteins. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 59-66, 2012.
Biopolymers 01/2012; 98(1):59-66. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The toxicological effects of realgar after intragastrical administration (1 g/kg body weight) were investigated over a 21 day period in male Wistar rats using metabonomic analysis of (1)H NMR spectra of urine, serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts. Liver and kidney histopathology examination and serum clinical chemistry analyses were also performed. (1)H NMR spectra and pattern recognition analyses from realgar treated animals showed increased excretion of urinary Kreb's cycle intermediates, increased levels of ketone bodies in urine and serum, and decreased levels of hepatic glucose and glycogen, as well as hypoglycemia and hyperlipoidemia, suggesting the perturbation of energy metabolism. Elevated levels of choline containing metabolites and betaine in serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts and increased serum creatine indicated altered transmethylation. Decreased urinary levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, phenylacetylglycine and hippurate suggested the effects on the gut microflora environment by realgar. Signs of impairment of amino acid metabolism were supported by increased hepatic glutamate levels, increased methionine and decreased alanine levels in serum, and hypertaurinuria. The observed increase in glutathione in liver tissue aqueous extracts could be a biomarker of realgar induced oxidative injury. Serum clinical chemistry analyses showed increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicating slight liver and kidney injury. The time-dependent biochemical variations induced by realgar were achieved using pattern recognition methods. This work illustrated the high reliability of NMR-based metabonomic approach on the study of the biochemical effects induced by traditional Chinese medicine.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 12/2008; 234(3):314-25. · 4.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cinnabar, an important traditional Chinese mineral medicine, has been widely used as a Chinese patent medicine ingredient for sedative therapy. However, the pharmaceutical and toxicological effects of cinnabar, especially in the whole organism, were subjected to few investigations. In this study, an NMR-based metabolomics approach has been applied to investigate the toxicological effects of cinnabar after intragastrical administration (dosed at 0.5, 2 and 5 g/kg body weight) on male Wistar rats. Liver and kidney histopathology examinations and serum clinical chemistry analyses were also performed. The 1H NMR spectra were analyzed using multivariate pattern recognition techniques to show the time- and dose-dependent biochemical variations induced by cinnabar. The metabolic signature of urinalysis from cinnabar-treated animals exhibited an increase in the levels of creatinine, acetate, acetoacetate, taurine, hippurate and phenylacetylglycine, together with a decrease in the levels of trimethyl-N-oxide, dimethylglycine and Kreb's cycle intermediates (citrate, 2-oxoglutarate and succinate). The metabolomics analyses of serum showed elevated concentrations of ketone bodies (3-d-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate), branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine), choline and creatine as well as decreased glucose, lipids and lipoproteins from cinnabar-treated animals. These findings indicated cinnabar induced disturbance in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and gut microflora environment as well as slight injury in liver and kidney, which might indirectly result from cinnabar induced oxidative stress. This work illustrated the high reliability of NMR-based metabolomic approach on the study of the biochemical effects induced by traditional Chinese medicine.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 04/2008; 227(3):417-29. · 4.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Metabolic profiling of serum from gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3), 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal [i.p.])-treated rats was investigated by the NMR spectroscopic-based metabonomic strategy. Serum samples were collected at 48, 96, and 168h postdose (p.d.) after exposure to GdCl(3). (1)H NMR spectra of serum were analyzed by pattern recognition using principal components analysis. The studies showed that there was a dose-related biochemical effect of GdCl(3) treatment on the levels of a range of low-molecular weight compounds in serum. The liver damage induced by GdCl(3) was characterized by the elevation of lactate, pyruvate, and creatine as well as the decrease of branched-chain amino acids (valine and isoleucine), alanine, glucose, and trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration in serum samples. The biochemical effects of GdCl(3) in rats could be consulted when evaluating the biochemical profile of gadolinium-containing compounds that are being developed for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
Analytical Biochemistry 06/2007; 364(2):112-21. · 3.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Metabolic profiles caused by rare earth complex were investigated using NMR and ICP-MS techniques. Male and female Wistar rats were treated orally with Changle (A kind of rare earth complex applied in agriculture to raise the production of crops) at dose of 2, 5 and 20 mg·kg−1 body weight/day respectively for 90 d. Urine and serum samples are collected on 90 d. The relative concentrations of important endogenous metabolites in urine and serum are determined from 1H NMR spectra and the contents of the four rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr and Nd) constituting Changle in the serum samples are measured by ICP-MS technique. Changle-induced renal and liver damage in rats is found based on the increase in the amounts of the amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, N, N-dimethyglycine, dimethylamine, succinate, α-ketoglutarate and ethanol as well as rare earth concentrations. The similarities and differentiations are found in the alteration patterns of metabolites and rare earth concentrations in serum.
Journal of Rare Earths - J RARE EARTH. 01/2006; 24(1):108-114.
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ABSTRACT: An integrated metabonomic approach based on high-resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopy has been applied to the investigation of the acute biochemical effects caused by Ce(NO(3))(3) in rats. Male Wistar rats were separated into 8 groups and each was treated with one of following compounds, mercury II chloride (HgCl(2)), 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide (BEA), carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), and three doses of Ce(NO(3))(3) (i.p. 2, 10 and 50mg/kg body weight). Urine was collected over a 48-h time course, and serum and tissue samples (liver and kidney) were gained after exposure to Ce(NO(3))(3) for 48 h. Histopathology and plasma clinical chemistry were also performed for all the tissue and plasma samples. Urine and serum samples were analyzed by 600 MHz (1)H NMR spectroscopy. All the (1)H NMR spectra were data-processed and analyzed using principal components analysis or hierarchical clustering analysis to show the time- and dose-dependent biochemical variations induced by Ce(NO(3))(3). Metabolic profiles of urinary (1)H NMR spectra from animals treated with Ce(NO(3))(3) exhibited an increase in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), dimethylamine (DMA), dimethylglycine (DMG), taurine (Tau) and amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine), together with a decrease in citrate. The (1)H NMR spectral analysis of serum presented the elevation of acetone, acetoacetate, lactate and creatinine levels. These findings indicated the impairment of fatty acid beta-oxidation in liver mitochondria and renal lesions. This work illustrates the high reliability of NMR-based metabonomic approach on the study of the biochemical effects induced by rare earths.
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 12/2005; 99(11):2151-60. · 3.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Hepatotoxicities were induced in rats using alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), and hydrazine (HYD). Male Wistar rats were treated with three typical hepatotoxins, and serum samples were collected after 48 h. Biochemical effects of these toxins on plasma composition were evaluated by high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of serum. The biochemical effects of CCl(4) were characterized by an elevated level of 3-d-hydroxybutyrate (HB), acetoacetate (Aca), and creatinine (Cn) in serum, and ANIT led to increases in the amounts of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine, acetate, glycoprotein, succinate, Cn, acetone, 3-d-hydroxybutyrate, and Aca. For the HYD-treated group, LDL, HB, acetate, and Cn were obviously increased in serum. The region delta 0.0-10.0 of each spectrum was segmented into 0.04 ppm. The area under the spectrum was calculated for each segmented region and expressed as an integral value. After removal of the water signal (delta 4.6-5.0) the remaining 235 intensity-related descriptors were used for the pattern recognition analysis. Principal component analysis was used to visualize the similarities and differentiations in biochemical profiles of serum from the rats treated with various hepatotoxins. This work showed the power of the combination of NMR and pattern recognition for the study of biochemical effects of xenobiotics.
Analytical Biochemistry 06/2005; 340(1):99-105. · 3.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: High-resolution magic-angle spinning (MAS) 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and pattern recognition (PR) based methods have been applied to studies on the acute biochemical effects of La(NO3)3 on rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with various doses of La(NO3)3 (2, 10, and 50 mg/kg body weight), and MAS 1H NMR spectra of their intact liver and kidney tissues were analyzed using principal components analysis to extract metabolic information. The biochemical effects of La(NO3)3 were characterized by the increase of triglyceride and bile acid and the decrease of glycogen in liver tissue, together with a slight elevation of triglyceride level in kidney tissue. The target lesion of La(NO3)3 to liver was found by MAS NMR-PR methods. This study illustrated the power of the combination of MAS 1H NMR and pattern recognition for the analysis of biochemical effects of rare earths.
Analytical Biochemistry 05/2005; 339(2):242-8. · 3.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: (1)H NMR spectroscopic and pattern recognition-based methods were applied to the studies on the acute biochemical effects of La(NO(3))(3). Male Wistar rats were separated into groups (n=10) and each was treated with one of following compounds, sodium chromate (NaCrO(4)), mercury II chloride (HgCl(2)), 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide (BEA), carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), hydrazine (HYD), alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), and three doses of La(NO(3))(3). Urine samples were collected over a 48-h time course and measured by 600 MHz NMR spectroscopy. Each spectrum was data-processed to provide 205 intensity-related descriptors used as input coordinates in a multidimensional space and analyzed by pattern recognition method. By NMR and principal components analysis (PCA) methods, the biochemical effects classification and time-course trajectories of various doses of La(NO(3))(3) were achieved. The toxicity of La(NO(3))(3) was similar to that of carbon tetrachloride according to the (1)H NMR spectral profiles and toxicity classification. This work illustrates the high reliability of NMR-PR method using (1)H NMR spectroscopy for the exploration and prediction of biochemical effects of rare earths in rats.
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 03/2005; 99(2):644-50. · 3.35 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The toxicological effects of realgar after intragastrical administration (1 g/kg body weight) were investigated over a 21 day period in male Wistar rats using metabonomic analysis of 1H NMR spectra of urine, serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts. Liver and kidney histopathology examination and serum clinical chemistry analyses were also performed. 1H NMR spectra and pattern recognition analyses from realgar treated animals showed increased excretion of urinary Kreb's cycle intermediates, increased levels of ketone bodies in urine and serum, and decreased levels of hepatic glucose and glycogen, as well as hypoglycemia and hyperlipoidemia, suggesting the perturbation of energy metabolism. Elevated levels of choline containing metabolites and betaine in serum and liver tissue aqueous extracts and increased serum creatine indicated altered transmethylation. Decreased urinary levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide, phenylacetylglycine and hippurate suggested the effects on the gut microflora environment by realgar. Signs of impairment of amino acid metabolism were supported by increased hepatic glutamate levels, increased methionine and decreased alanine levels in serum, and hypertaurinuria. The observed increase in glutathione in liver tissue aqueous extracts could be a biomarker of realgar induced oxidative injury. Serum clinical chemistry analyses showed increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicating slight liver and kidney injury. The time-dependent biochemical variations induced by realgar were achieved using pattern recognition methods. This work illustrated the high reliability of NMR-based metabonomic approach on the study of the biochemical effects induced by traditional Chinese medicine.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.
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ABSTRACT: Cleavage of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP), guanosine-5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP), adenosine-3′-monophosphate (3′-AMP) and guanosine-3′-monophosphate (3′-GMP) by lanthanides was investigated by NMR and the method of measuring the liberated phosphates. Rapid cleavage of both 5′-mononucleotides and 3′-mononucleotides by CeIII and CeIV under air at pH 9 and 37°C was observed. Other lanthanides showed less efficiency for hydrolyzing 5′-mononucleotides but 3′-mononucleotides were catalyzed by a range of lanthanide ions. The mechanism for hydrolyzing 3′-mononucleotides by lanthanides was investigated. The notable difference in reactivity between CeIII and the other lanthanide ions under air was further studied showing that the cleavage is enhanced with increasing molar fraction of CeIV. The fast cleavage of mononucleotides by CeIII under air at pH 9 is ascribed to the resultant CeIV in the reaction mixture.
Polyhedron 16(19):3415-3419. · 2.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The biochemical effects of gadolinium chloride were studied using high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to investigate the biochemical composition of tissue (liver and kidney) aqueous extracts obtained from control and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) (10 and 50 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection, i.p.) treated rats. Tissue samples were collected at 48, 96 and 168 h p.d. after exposure to GdCl3, and extracted using methanol/chloroform solvent system. 1H NMR spectra of tissue extracts were analyzed by pattern recognition using principal components analysis. The liver damages caused by GdCl3 were characterized by increased succinate and decreased glycogen level and elevated lactate, alanine and betaine concentration in liver. Furthermore, the increase of creatine and lactate, and decrease of glutamate, alanine, phosphocholine, glycophosphocholine (GPC), betaine, myo-inositol and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in kidney illustrated kidney disturbance induced by GdCl3.
Journal of Rare Earths.
