-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Aim: Colistin is an old antibiotic used in the treatment of gram negative infections. It was once suspended because of its nephrotoxic effect, but has since been reintroduced due to multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. The pathogenesis of colistin-associated nephropathy has not been clarified, and there is currently no effective therapeutic or prophylactic agent available. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of caspase-associated apoptosis, caspase 1, calpain 1, iNOS and eNOS expression in the pathogenesis of colistin-associated nephrotoxicity and the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in preventing it.Materials-Methods: 24 rats were divided into three groups; control, colistin and colistin+GSPE. Colistin-associated nephropathy was induced by the administration of 300,000 IU/kg/day colistin intraperitoneally for seven days. The experiment was discontinued on the seventh day. Blood was collected for BUN and creatinine measurement. Histopathological examination of kidney tissue and caspase 1 and 3, iNOS, eNOS, TUNEL and calpain 1 staining was also performed.Results: A significant increase in BUN, creatinine, renal histopathological score, TUNEL, caspase 1, 3, calpain 1, iNOS and eNOS was observed in the colistin group compared to the control group. A significant decrease in BUN, creatinine, renal histopathological score, TUNEL, caspase 1, 3, calpain 1, iNOS and eNOS was observed in the colistin+GSPE group compared to the colistin group.Conclusion: Our study shows, for the first time in the literature, that caspase-mediated apoptosis, iNOS, caspase 1 and calpain 1 are involved in the pathogenesis of colistin-associated nephropathy. GSPE had a renoprotective effect, as shown by these lowered mediators.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 04/2013; · 4.84 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This study investigated the diagnostic value of signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE-1) and other oxidative stress parameters in the early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia, which has high mortality and morbidity if not identified and treated in the early period.
Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this randomized, controlled study. Rats were divided into six groups: three control groups (Groups I, III, and V) and three ischemia groups (Groups II, IV, and VI). In the control groups, blood and tissue specimens were sampled at 30 minutes (Group I), 2 hours (Group III), and 6 hours (Group V), following a simple laparotomy. In the ischemia groups, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was ligated following laparotomy, and blood and tissue samples were sampled at 30 minutes (Group II), 2 hours (Group IV), and 6 hours (Group VI).
When comparing the ischemia and control groups, the differences in SCUBE-1, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in the 30-minute period were not significant (p > 0.05); at 2 hours, SCUBE-1 levels rose rapidly, and although the desired level of significance could not be obtained with Bonferroni correction, the level was significantly higher compared to the control group at the same time interval (for SCUBE-1, Group III vs. Group IV, p = 0.006). In these periods (30 minutes and 2 hours), only total oxidative status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were significantly higher in the ischemia group compared to the control group (for both, p = 0.004). A pronounced rise in SCUBE-1 levels was determined with 6-hour ischemia (for SCUBE-1, Group V vs. Group VI, p = 0.004). The changes in MDA, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were not significant (p = 0.025, p = 0.321, p = 0.006, and p = 0.037, respectively).
SCUBE-1 levels have the potential to be used as a marker of early period injury in acute mesenteric ischemia, although it is impossible to state explicitly that they can be used for early diagnosis. The same can be said for plasma MDA and TAS levels. The authors believe that TOS and OSI levels, however, can be used in early diagnosis and as an injury marker. Moreover, OSI also exhibits a medium-strong correlation with histopathologic injury.
Academic Emergency Medicine 03/2013; 20(3):257-64. · 1.86 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To establish the value of ischemia-modified albumin levels in the determination of the long-term results of testicular torsion/detorsion-associated ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Eighteen mature male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups (n = 6 for each group): control, acute torsion/detorsion (T/D) group, and long-term T/D. In the control group, scrotal incision only was performed; in the acute T/D group, after 4 hours of torsion, detorsion was performed and maintained for 2 hours. Blood samples and testicular tissue samples were taken after 2 hours of detorsion. The same T/D procedures were performed in the long-term T/D group. The long-term T/D groups were kept alive for 2 months, and samples were taken at 2 months post procedure. Serum ischemia-modified albumin, serum and tissue malondialdehyde levels, and histopathological damage scores were measured.
Serum ischemia-modified albumin levels were significantly higher compared with the control group, in the acute-term T/D (P = .004). This elevation remained pronounced in the long term compared with the control group and acute period (P = .008 and P = .017, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between serum ischemia-modified albumin levels and histopathological injury score in both the torsioned and contralateral testes (r = -.929, P < .0001 and r = -.560, P = .02, respectively).
Ischemia-modified albumin is a valuable parameter in terms of reflecting testis injury in testicular torsion in both the acute period and the long term. It therefore has the potential to be used as data with predictive value regarding patients' fertility capacities.
Urology 09/2012; 80(3):689-94. · 2.43 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To compare the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ethyl pyruvate (EP) on experimental testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Randomized, controlled, experimental study.
University hospital.
Twenty-four mature male Wistar rats.
Rats were divided into four groups: control group, torsion-detorsion (T/D) group, EP group, and NAC group. In the pretreatment of the NAC and EP groups, 20 mg/kg NAC and 50 mg/kg EP were given intraperitoneally (IP) 30 minutes before detorsion.
Serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), tissue and serum malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase activity levels and histopathological damage scores were then compared.
Ethyl pyruvate and N-acetylcysteine exhibited a protective effect against I/R injury. Of the biochemical parameters evaluated as a result of testicular I/R, only IMA levels were significantly elevated. There was a strong and significant correlation between serum IMA levels and histopathological injury scores, and the increase in serum IMA level exhibited a strong parallel with the increase in histopathological injury. In the EP group, although the histopathological injury score was similar to that of the control group, serum IMA levels were significantly elevated.
Both NAC and EP, the effects of which on I/R injury are evaluated in the present study, reduce such injury in testicular torsion-detorsion. Comparing their effects on IMA levels, NAC may be regarded as a relatively more effective treatment than EP.
Fertility and sterility 06/2012; 98(3):626-31. · 3.97 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Torsion of the ovary is a rare but serious cause of gynecologic surgical emergency. Specific laboratory markers that support the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian torsion are not currently available in the clinical routine. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of plasma D-dimer level as an early indicator of ovarian torsion in an experimental rat ovarian torsion model.
Sixteen female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this controlled experimental study. Eight rats in the sham operation group (Group I) underwent a surgical procedure similar to Group II but the ovary was not occluded. In Group II (eight rats), a torsion model was created by using atraumatic vascular clips just above and below the right ovary for a 2-h period of ischemia. Right ovaries were surgically removed at the end of the procedure in each group. Blood was sampled before and after operation to assess plasma D-dimer levels. The main outcome measure was ovarian histopathologic findings scores and plasma D-dimer levels.
There was no significant difference in pre-operative plasma D-dimer levels (0.5963 ± 0.2047 mg/l in Group I, 0.6344 ± 0.1348 mg/l in Group II, P = 0.815, Mann-Whitney U-test). However, mean plasma D-dimer value for Group II was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.2267 ± 0.3099 versus 0.6213 ± 0.2346 mg/l, respectively, Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.001), following 2 h of ovarian torsion. Ovarian tissue damage scores were also statistically significantly different among groups.
If the observations made in a rat model are extended to humans, plasma D-dimer measurement may be a valuable parameter in the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion.
Human Reproduction 03/2011; 26(3):564-8. · 4.47 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the serum ischemia-modified albumin levels with use of an experimental testicular torsion (TT) model.
Randomized, controlled experimental study.
University hospital.
Thirty mature male Wistar rats.
Rats were divided into five groups: a sham operation group, 2- and 4-hour control (groups I and III, respectively), and 2- and 4-hour torsion groups (groups II and IV, respectively). Ischemia-modified albumin, tissue and blood malondialdehyde (MDA), tissue and blood myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels, and histopathologic damage scores then were compared.
Ischemia-modified albumin, tissue and blood MDA, tissue and blood MPO activity levels, and histopathologic damage scores.
There was a significantly higher level of histopathologic damage in the 4-hour torsion group, and the serum ischemia-modified albumin levels in this group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. There was no difference between the groups in terms of blood and tissue MDA and MPO levels. There was no significant correlation between ischemia-modified albumin levels and blood and tissue MDA and MPO levels. The only significant correlation between histopathologic score and biochemical markers was that with blood and tissue MPO.
The results from this pioneering study determined a high level of ischemia-modified albumin in TT, indicating a potential value for TT diagnosis. The value of ischemia-modified albumin levels in TT should be investigated also with respect to prognosis.
Fertility and sterility 05/2010; 95(4):1333-7. · 3.97 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of ovarian torsion on serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in an experimental model.
Sixteen female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were involved in the study. Rats were allocated randomly to group I or group II on the day of the experiment. Group I (eight rats) comprised the control (sham operated) group. In group II (eight rats), a torsion model was created by using atraumatic vascular clips just above and below the right ovary. At the end of a 3-h period of ischemia, the ovaries were removed. Blood was sampled before and after operation to assess serum IMA levels. Serum IMA levels (absorbance units) and histopathologic damage scores were evaluated.
Initial serum IMA levels were similar in both groups. After the operation, significant elevation was observed in group II in contrast to group I (0.191+/-0.034 and 0.277+/-0.089 ABSU, p=0.05). Histologic specimens of the ovaries in group II had higher scores of follicular cell degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration than those in group I (p<0.001).
The elevated serum IMA levels observed in the ovarian torsion model seem to have a potential role as a serum marker in the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion.
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 02/2010; 150(1):72-5. · 1.97 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We designed this experimental study to determine the value of ischemia-modified albumin in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
Twenty-four mature female New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. These were classified into group 1 ,the control group; group 2, the deep venous thrombosis group; group 3, the deep venous thrombosis with pulmonary embolism group; and group 4, the pulmonary embolism-alone group. Deep venous thrombosis was produced by ligation of the iliac vein. To establish pulmonary embolism, 2 clots were administered from the iliac vein. Blood samples were taken from all the groups at hours 0, 1, 3, and 6 for ischemia-modified albumin measurement.
Pulmonary embolism was established in all the rabbits in groups 3 and 4, and this was confirmed by tomographic and histologic findings. Measurement of mean ischemia-modified albumin levels for all rabbits at hours 0, 1, 3, and 6 revealed that mean ischemia-modified albumin levels in groups 3 and 4 were statistically significantly higher than those in groups 1 and 2. There was no difference between the mean ischemia-modified albumin levels in groups 1 and 2 nor between groups 3 and 4. The alteration in ischemia-modified albumin levels over time was statistically significant.
The results of our experimental study demonstrate that ischemia-modified albumin levels may be useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.
The American journal of emergency medicine 07/2009; 27(6):635-40. · 1.54 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The objective was to determine the value of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) in the diagnosis of mesenteric embolism. The authors investigated whether or not plasma IMA levels rose in the acute period in a rat model of mesenteric ischemia and the related time-dependent changes.
In this randomized, controlled, nonblinded trial, 36 mature female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: three control (Groups I, III, and V) and three ischemia (Groups II, IV, and VI). In the control groups, blood was sampled at 30 minutes (Group I), 2 hours (Group III), and 6 hours (Group V) following a simple laparotomy. In the ischemia groups, following laparotomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was clamped using a bulldog clamp, and blood samples were taken at 30 minutes (Group II), 2 hours (Group IV), and 6 hours (Group VI).
Plasma IMA levels in the ischemia groups were significantly higher compared to those of the control groups (p < 0.004). In addition, levels were higher in the 6-hour blood samples of the ischemia group than in the 2-hour and 30-minute samples (p < 0.001). Serum IMA was also higher in the 2-hour blood samples of the ischemia group than in the 30-minute samples (p < 0.001).
These preliminary findings suggest that serum IMA levels may represent a significant parameter in the early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia and that further studies are necessary.
Academic Emergency Medicine 05/2009; 16(6):539-43. · 1.86 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To determine the effect of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum on the ovaries in an experimental pneumoperitoneum model.
Experimental controlled study.
University hospital.
Sixteen adult female conventional rabbits.
Group I (8 rabbits) was not subjected to intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). In group II (8 rabbits), IAP insufflation was performed at 12 mm Hg. In total, 60 minutes of pneumoperitoneum and 10 minutes of reperfusion were maintained. Ovarian blood flow (OBF) was studied using laser Doppler flowmetry. The time points of OBF measurements were as follows: OBFbaseline, 10 minutes before insufflation; OBF30min, 30 minutes after pneumoperitoneum; OBF60min, 60 minutes after pneumoperitoneum; and OBFreperfusion, 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum desufflation. Mean OBF changes during CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (OBFmean) were also assessed.
Blood perfusion units, tissue malondialdehyde values, and histopathologic damage scores.
In group II, mean OBF values were significantly lower than in group I, especially for OBF30min, OBF60min, OBFreperfusion, and OBFmean. The mean tissue malondialdehyde value for group II was significantly higher than in the control group (104.48 +/- 20.07 nmol/g vs. 64.12 +/- 8.77 nmol/g, respectively). Compared with group I, in group II histologic specimens of the ovaries had higher scores for follicular cell degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration.
Pneumoperitoneum, even at normal IAP levels, leads to significant oxidative stress-induced biochemical and histologic damage to the ovaries.
Fertility and sterility 01/2009; 93(4):1327-32. · 3.97 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation is rare, but it is a condition that may result in high mortality. This study evaluates the effects of one-lung ventilation and occlusion time on collapsed and contralateral lungs.
Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated randomly into 7 groups consisting of 6 animals each: sham; O1, 1 hour of occlusion/2 hours of re-expansion; C1, 3 hours of mechanical ventilation control; O2, 2 hours of occlusion/2 hours of re-expansion; C2, 4 hours of mechanical ventilation control; O3, 3 hours of occlusion/2 hours of re-expansion; and C3, 5 hours of mechanical ventilation control groups. In the occlusion groups, the left lung was collapsed by bronchial occlusion. Malondialdehyde activity was determined in the blood, and myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde activity was determined in the collapsed and contralateral lungs. Lung tissues were also examined histopathologically.
Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels rose as occlusion duration increased. This increase was greater in the occlusion groups than that in their own control groups. Increases were significant in the O2 compared with the O1 groups (P < .005). Histologically, tissue damage increased as occlusion time rose injury in collapsed and contralateral lungs. Injury was greater in the occlusion groups than injury in their own control groups (P < .005).
Our findings show that biochemical and histopathologic injury occur in collapsed and contralateral lungs in one-lung ventilation, and this injury increases as occlusion time rises. We believe that occlusion and occlusion time-related injury should be borne in mind in the clinic under conditions requiring the application of one-lung ventilation.
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 08/2007; 134(2):405-10. · 3.41 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the morphology of chorionic villi using light and electron microscopy, especially the expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in trophoblastic cells and the process of maturation and margination vasculogenesis proper using CD34 immunohistochemistry in tissues from the first trimester of pregnancy loss due to anembryonic pregnancy in comparison with embryonic pregnancy.
The study consisted of 2 groups: 9 patients with anembryonic pregnancies and 9 patients with embryonic pregnancies between 6 and 10 weeks of gestational age registered at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, from March 2003 to December 2004. We examined the chorionic villi using light and electron microscopy. For immunohistochemical staining, we used AFP and CD34.
Microscopically, pathologic changes were shown in syncytiotrophoblast cells of anembryonic pregnancies and AFP was strongly expressed by villous trophoblastic cells compared to embryonic pregnancies. We determined the CD34 positivity in both groups. In anembryonic pregnancies, vascular elements were much fewer in number compared with embryonic pregnancies (p<0.001) and were located in the formed of hemangioblastic cords.
Placental vasculogenesis is a basic feature in all types of pregnancy and a relationship exists between trophoblast cells and vessels in the chorionic villi with the potential to influence each other's functions. Defective chorionic villus vascularization is associated with embryonic death. This study may support the hypothesis, as suggested by previous studies, that anembryonic pregnancy results from early embryonic death and subsequent reabsorption rather than from the nondevelopment of an embryo.
Saudi medical journal 03/2006; 27(2):154-60. · 0.52 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate possible protective effects of vitamin E and Ham's F-10 medium (HF-10) on lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, motility, and vitality of spermatozoa.
Normozoospermic semen samples were obtained from 35 volunteers. Normal saline solution, HF-10 only, or HF-10 with vitamin E were added to split semen samples (control, group 1, and group 2, respectively). Sperm motility and vitality were evaluated at the end of 1, 2, and 24 hours. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde levels were assessed at the end of the first hour. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed at the end of 24 hours.
Superoxide dismutase, sperm motility, and vitality were not different among the groups. The catalase values decreased in group 1, but not in group 2. Malondialdehyde values in supernatants decreased in group 2 and apoptosis of spermatozoa decreased in groups 1 and 2.
Our data suggest that vitamin E and HF-10 protect against the reactive oxygen species-mediated damage on spermatozoa.
Urology 03/2006; 67(2):384-7. · 2.43 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pterygium is a relatively frequent ocular surface disease with an unexplained etiopathogenesis. Our study was carried out with the aim to identify the presence of inflammatory cells and mediators such as T-lymphocyte subgroups (CD4 and CD8), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) in pterygium tissue.
Pterygium tissue, obtained from 24 patients, and normal conjunctival tissue, from the nasal bulbar conjunctiva obtained from 14 patients operated for ocular perforations or vitrectomy, were separated into epithelial and stromal components under the microscope and suspended with phosphate-buffered saline solution to form a suspension. Cell suspensions were treated with specific antibodies for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and HLA-DR and T-lymphocyte subgroups and evaluated with flow cytometry. The obtained data were compared statistically.
When compared to the control tissue samples, higher rates of ICAM-1-positive cells, VCAM-1-positive cells and HLA-DR-positive cells were recorded in pterygium tissue samples. CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes were also found to be at higher levels when compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups.
When compared with normal conjunctival tissue, pterygium tissue had increased levels of T-lymphocyte infiltration and inflammatory markers demonstrating the possible contribution of cellular immunity to the pathogenesis.
Ophthalmologica 02/2006; 220(6):372-8. · 1.42 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of G-CSF addition to antibiotic treatment of experimental sepsis on pulmonary lung tissue.
Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The first four groups received a bolus intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The first group (Group SAG) received a combined therapy of imipenem and G-CSF, the second group (Group SA) received only imipenem, the third group (Group SG) received only G-CSF, and no antibiotic or G-CSF was given to the fourth group (Group S). The fifth group (Group C) served as the control. Survival rates, peripheral leukocyte counts (PLC) and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) were obtained, and lung tissues were examined under light microscopy.
Survival rates at the 120th hour were 100% in groups SAG, SA and C; 20% in group SG; and 0% in group S. PLC and ANC values reached their highest levels at the 36th hour in the SAG group and at the 60th hour in the SA group. Pulmonary architecture was better preserved in the SAG, SA and SG groups--in that order--than in the S group.
Particularly in the early phase of infection, the administration of G-CSF in combination with antibiotics would be appropriate for maximizing the effect of antibiotics as soon as possible and for minimizing the damage caused by inflammation.
Journal of the National Medical Association 12/2005; 97(11):1489-95. · 1.16 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To determine the optimal time to start nutritional support after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Rats were divided into six groups of seven. All but one of these groups were subjected to moderate closed head trauma under general anesthesia. Groups Ia and Ib were commenced on immunonutrition and standard enteral nutrition, respectively, 8 h later; groups IIa and IIb were commenced on immunonutrition and standard enteral nutrition, respectively, 72 h later; and group III was commenced on a parenteral saline infusion 8 h later. Group IV was a control group fed a laboratory diet and not subjected to trauma. The rats were killed 7 days later, and ileal segments were examined using light and electron microscopy. We used the deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique to detect intestinal mucosal apoptosis.
Group III had a lower body weight than the other groups (P < 0.005). The mean villous height was highest in groups Ia and IV and lowest in group III. The villi count was lower in groups Ib, IIa, IIb, and III than in group IV (P < 0.005). The apoptotic index counts were higher in groups IIa, IIb, and III than in group IV (P < 0.005).
The addition of enriching immunonutrients to early enteral feeding helps preserve an almost normal gut mucosa.
Surgery Today 01/2005; 35(9):751-9. · 1.22 Impact Factor
