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ABSTRACT: Helicobacter pylori plays a significant role in gastric disease. The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in the sub-gingival plaque of chronic periodontitis patients and to determine periodontopathogens profile of positive sites at H. pylori.
109 subgingival samples collected from 17 subjects with chronic periodontitis were studied. The DNA was extracted from the oral samples and analyzed for the presence of H. pylori by real-time PCR (LightCycler) using 16S rRNA#120 primers which targeted the 16S rRNA gene. DNA from H. pylori DSM 4867 was used as a positive control. Seven bacteria implicated in chronic periodontitis were selected to explore the presence of these periodontopathic species in the oral positive sites for H. pylori.
16 of 109 samples (14.7%) were positives of H. pylori. All the positives sites were also positives to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Eikenella corrodens, 62.5% to Porphyromonas gingivalis, 31.25% to Treponema denticola, 25% to Prevotella intermedia, 12.5% to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and 6.25% to Tannerella forsythia.
H. pylori may be present in the subgingival plaque samples of patients with chronic periodontitis who are resident in a developing country. F. nucleatum and E. corrodens could coaggregate with H. pylori in the subgingival dental plaque.
Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal 03/2011; 34(133):5-12.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of the parents and their children and the relationships between the parents' oral health status and their children one. Subjects comprised 200 parents (mothers and fathers) and 200 of their children selected at the pediatric dental clinic of the children's hospital Albert Royer and the pediatric dental clinic of the Department of Odontology. In both groups, we have evaluated the dental caries prevalence and dental examination was performed using DMFT or DMF teeth for children. To evaluate the oral hygiene habits we used the Silness and Löe index and a questionnaire. We have finally assessed the relationships between the parents' oral health status and their children' oral health. The dental caries prevalence was 63% for the parents with mean DMF teeth of 5.8 and 5.2 SD and for the children it was 94% and the DMF teeth was 5.85 and 4.00 SD. The parents' DMF teeth, their gingival health and their oral hygiene habits were significantly associated to their professional status (ANOVA: p = 0.00 < 0.05). The DMF teeth of the children was associated with those of their parents and to their parents' professional status. The children's oral hygiene habits and their parents' habits were also associated.
Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal 04/2009; 32(125):5-10.
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ABSTRACT: The role of fluoride in dental caries prevention when applied at optimal levels is well established. However, ingestion of excessive fluoride during tooth development can cause structural changes in tooth enamel named fluorosis. At Gandiaye a city situated in the Senegalese endemic fluorosis area, the main water supply provided by a unique drilling with highly fluoridated water has broken down in 1996. Since then, the drinking water comes from wells which have poor levels of fluorides. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and tooth decays in children born and reared continuously at Gandiaye after the stoppage of the drills and who were drinking water well.
Water samples were collected from two wells and analyzed using a spectrometer and a specific fluoride electrode. The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was evaluated according to Dean's method, and the caries experience was measured using the DMF teeth index in 150 children aged from 6 to 8 years.
The fluoride levels in the water well were comprised between 0.03 ppm and 0.09 ppm according to the method used. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 39.33% with the predominance of the very low to low fluorosis forms. The tooth decay prevalence was 48.66% and the mean DMF tooth was 0.98. A significant relationship was found between the dental fluorosis and the low caries levels.
A low to moderate dental fluorosis associated with a significant decrease of caries prevalence was found in children living in a high-fluoride area and consuming poorly fluorided water.
Bulletin de la Société médicale d'Afrique noire de langue française 02/2008; 53(3):162-9.
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ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to study the prevalence of oral traumatisms and their relationship to epileptic seizures in Senegalese children. This study was undertaken in the Children's National Hospital of Dakar and deal with children with epilepsy. Sotf tissues and the teeth traumatisms that have occurred during epileptic seizures were recorded. We have also studied the relationship between the frequency of the seizures and the oral soft and hard tissues traumatisms. One hundred and eight children aged from 5 to 15 years with 67 boys and 41 girls with an average age of 8.16+/-2.86 years were enrolled. Several types of epileptic seizures were observed during which 44.5% of the children presented oral traumatisms of soft tissues (27.8%) and the teeth (16.7%). There is no significant relationship between the number of seizures and the frequency of the dental traumatisms (p = 0.352). The tooth fractures are the lesions most frequently noticed and are observed in 24.4% of the children. The traumatisms of the maxillary central incisors account for 38% of the traumatisms, followed by the canines (2.7%) and the molars (1.9%). The lower central incisors are the least affected. The traumatisms of soft tissues were observed in 27.8% of the children: the lips are more often affected (44%), followed by the tongue (30%), the association between lip and tongue (18%) and the cheeks (8%). There is no significant relationship between the number of seizures and the frequency of the traumatisms of soft tissues (p = 0.35).
Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal 01/2008; 30(120):23-30.
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ABSTRACT: the dental age which can be deduced from the stages of dental maturation is accepted as being a reliable indicator in the estimate of civil age of children whose date of birth is unknown. It is also a good indicator of the biological maturity of growing children and the relevance of its use in paediatric dentistry and orthodontics was proven. Various methods of determination of maturation or dental development from radiographies were described. The mostly used method is that of Demirjian. Studies have shown that genetic factors could influence the maturation of certain organs. Thus, the generalisation of Demirjian standards to others population can be questioned. The aim of the present study was to test the applicability of Demirjian's standards for the determination of the civil age from dental maturation stages.
The dental maturation stages of a randomised sample of 200 Senegalese children aged from 6 to 14 years (101 boys and 99 girls) was evaluated by Demirjian's method. Data collected were converted into Dental Age from the conversion charts proposed by Demirjian. The dental age obtained was compared with the civil age of the subjects.
The results of this study indicate that the civil age of the patients was overestimated when evaluated from Demirjian's standards (0.89 years for girls and 0.48 years for boys). A linear regression equation was then proposed for the correct estimate of the civil age from the dental maturation stages.
Bulletin de la Société médicale d'Afrique noire de langue française 02/2007; 52(3):196-203.
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ABSTRACT: Early childhood caries (EEC) are multiple carious lesions affecting the primary teeth of infants and preschool children. They are related to a prolonged and night bottle-feeding rich in fermentable carbohydrates. The carious lesions characterised by their patterns and the rapidity of their process can lead to a widespread tooth destruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of the carious lesions and their relationship to the diet.
This prospective study was carried out in Dakar in public heath structures that have a dental office. It has included 68 children of both sex aged from two to 6 years consisted of 35 boys (51% of the sample) and 33 girls (49%) with the predominance of the 5-year-old children. These children were examined using a plan mouth mirror and probes and their mothers were interviewed.
The observed carious lesions were distributed on all tooth surfaces but the complete coronal destruction was the most common lesions observed and represented 25 of the lesions, followed by lesions in three faces of the tooth (17%). The most frequently affected tooth was the association maxillar incisors and molars and the mandibular molars (32.4%). The incisor alone represented 22.1% of the affected teeth. The children were breast-fed associated with either pap or with hard food (52.9%). The bottle was added to this association in 32.4% of the cases and 10% of the children were exclusively breast-fed. The carious lesions were more severe and more frequent in children fed with breast associated with pap and hard food and in those fed with breast associated with the bottle pap and food than to children exclusively breast-fed. These differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.73 > 0.05).
Early childhood caries are related to a diet rich in carbon hydrate. They lead to severe tooth destruction. The treatments cost are very high thus prevention by information on the bad effects of sugar on diet and the baby bottle are of great interest.
Bulletin de la Société médicale d'Afrique noire de langue française 02/2006; 51(2):72-7.
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ABSTRACT: The ability to evaluate masticatory function in people with neurological disabilities is important as this function is often compromised in these groups. However, current standard techniques are often impossible in such groups due to cognitive difficulties. This study is a validation of several variables read from standardised video recordings of mastication as indicators of masticatory function.
Fifteen healthy, fully dentate male subjects were recorded using EMG and by video simultaneously. An evaluation was undertaken of the video parameters (i) to compare their validity against the electromyographic parameters, (ii) to test intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and (iii) to test the ability to discriminate between four model foods differing in hardness.
Masticatory time and the number of masticatory cycles counted on video were found to be valid and reliable indicators. In addition, the number of active chewing cycles performed with an open mouth and identification of the chewing side, were found to have reasonable validity and reliability. The former may allow discrimination between food types.
As an alternative to the complex evaluation of masticatory function, observation of certain parameters from video recording could be an alternative for use in uncooperative patients.
Clinical Nutrition 05/2005; 24(2):314-20. · 3.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This article reports the second stage of a validation process. It investigates the discriminatory ability of three video indicators of mastication for a group of people with Downs syndrome, representing a target group with neurological disabilities. The variables were generated through video recordings of 11 adults with Downs syndrome and 12 healthy subjects eating four natural foods varying in hardness. The collected variables were masticatory time, number of masticatory cycles, and number of open masticatory cycles. The analytical approach attempts to test four hypotheses exploring the variations of the video indicators according to food hardness for both groups. It was demonstrated that masticatory time and the number of masticatory cycles have very strong, positive correlations and the number of open masticatory cycles has a fair, positive correlation with the food hardness rankings for both groups. Video evaluation of the test variables using real foods in people with Downs syndrome was found to be a valid means of evaluating aspects of their masticatory function.
Dysphagia 04/2004; 19(2):95-99. · 1.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Down syndrom is the most frequent genetic disease discribed for viable (live born) children and the commonest cause of mental deficiency in developed countries. It is an autosomal chromosomic anomaly resulting from trisomy of all or part of chromosome 21 and is characterizd by general and mental deficiencies and a typical facial phenotype. The aims of this study are:--to evaluate the general and oral health of a senegalese group of children with Down syndrome and their siblings the closest in age,--to assess their access to care. We used the OADS (Oral Assessment Down Syndrome) questionnaire in 25 senegalese children with Down syndrome living in Dakar and 17 od their siblings the closest in age. Their ages range from 4 to 20 years old in both groups. Our results revealed that senegalese children with Down syndrome have more general and oral health problems compared to their siblings the closest in age but they were more likely to have difficulty finding both medical and dental services. This study pointed out the need for special care services with trained people for a better management of these specific patients.
Bulletin de la Société médicale d'Afrique noire de langue française 02/2004; 49(1):64-9.
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ABSTRACT: This article reports the second stage of a validation process. It investigates the discriminatory ability of three video indicators of mastication for a group of people with Down's syndrome, representing a target group with neurological disabilities. The variables were generated through video recordings of 11 adults with Down's syndrome and 12 healthy subjects eating four natural foods varying in hardness. The collected variables were masticatory time, number of masticatory cycles, and number of open masticatory cycles. The analytical approach attempts to test four hypotheses exploring the variations of the video indicators according to food hardness for both groups. It was demonstrated that masticatory time and the number of masticatory cycles have very strong, positive correlations and the number of open masticatory cycles has a fair, positive correlation with the food hardness rankings for both groups. Video evaluation of the test variables using real foods in people with Down's syndrome was found to be a valid means of evaluating aspects of their masticatory function.
Dysphagia 02/2004; 19(2):95-9. · 1.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Fear and anxiety of dental treatment have been recognized as a major source of a problems in pediatric dentistry. They can prevent dental procedure and lead to avoidance an dental phobia. A variaty of studies, using psychometric methods have been carried out worldwide to evaluate these behavious. In Senegal, no study of this nature has been done yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate fear and anxiety related to dental care in senegaleese pediatric children living in Dakar. We have used the children's Fear survey Schedule Dental Sb scale (CFSS-DS) in 415 senegalese children of both sex with a age anking from 7 to 15 years. The results showed a mean score of 33.222 +/- 11.162. Girls revealed a significant higher score (35.122 +/- 11.692) than boys (29.168 +/- 9.704) (p < 0.05). These mean score increase with age in both boys than girl. In addition, more than 43.5% of the children have never consulted a dentist previously and 28% among them showed fear of the dentist. 17% of the children who have dental experiences showed fear of the dentist. This study has showed that senegalease children revealed fear of the dental care even those who have never been to a dentist. It also point out the problem of the origine of dental fear in children.
Bulletin de la Société médicale d'Afrique noire de langue française 01/2004; 49(2):91-5.
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ABSTRACT: Cellulitises originated from teeth are frequent in developing countries. Theyare noted as well as in child as in adult. In child, causal tooth may be primary or permanent. In a prospective trial carried at Hôpital d'Enfants Albert Royer CHU-Fann, where we studied the frequency of cellulitises among the children, the main patterns of dental affections and the causal teeth involved and, in the same way, the management and prevention of these diseases in child. We noted that: 56.52% of the cases of cellulitises recorded interest the child of pediatric dentistry age and that 87.5% of the cellulitises cases are due to a primary tooth (primary molar overall) and first permanent molar necrosis. Management and prevention of cellulitises are based on: the respect of the therapeutic protocol, dental hygiene education and systematization of setting of dental caries preventive clinical procedures like SEALANTS and stainless steel crowns as well as in primaryand permanent dentition with as main target the primary molars and the first permanent molar or 6 years age tooth.
Bulletin de la Société médicale d'Afrique noire de langue française 02/2002; 47(1):45-8.
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ABSTRACT: To assess short and medium term outcomes of cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in Senegalese children less than fifteen years.
From 1992 to 1997, 50 eyes of 40 children between the age of 5 months and 14 years, suffering from cataract were operated. Some of them were seen untill 2000. Twenty-seven cataracts were congenital, 19 were traumatic, 2 were from corticosteroid side effects, 1 after uveitis, and 1 had no determined cause. Thirty-one had manual extracapsular surgery and 19 ultrasound cataract surgery. They all have a standard single-piece PMMA intraocular lens of 21 to 22 diopters, 12.0-12.5mm long, under the ciliaris silcus (34 cases) or in the capsular bag (16). The results were noted in the first week, at one month, at 3 months, and after.
Exudative reactions were frequent in the anterior chamber: 20% of the eyes had such reactions during the operation, especially when a manual extracapsular extraction was performed, and 34% soon after operation. The reactions were generally revealed with one month of survey. Corticosteroids used before and after surgery reduced inflammation disorders but seemed to speed up the onset of secondary cataract. Posterior capsule opacification was observed in the first week after surgery. It increased from 45% at 3 months to 74% at 1 year and 100% after 3 years. Intraocular cristal lens implants are well tolerated with limited complications. Fifty-seven percent of the operated eyes we observed after 3 years had 30/60 or better visual acuity.
Despite fairly frequent inflammation and secondary cataract, posterior chamber lens implantation in children is well tolerated. This suggest that, as in adults, intraocular lens implant would be the best treatment for aphakia.
Journal Français d Ophtalmologie 07/2001; 24(6):590-5. · 0.51 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: 'LEOPARD syndrome' is a syndrome affecting many systems or organs. The main anomalies are summarized in the acronym LEOPARD in which each letter corresponds to the damage of a given organ. In the presented case, there are oro-dental and craniofacial anomalies. The relationship between the LEOPARD syndrome and the given anomalies and the possibilities of the management and the follow-up of the diseased are studied. The clinical case presented is a 4-year-old boy with LEOPARD syndrome showing retardation of dental development, delayed development and possible agenesis of permanent teeth, and craniofacial anomalies (osseous hypodevelopment). The bibliographical study shows that LEOPARD syndrome is due to damage of the neural crest cells. Thus, the dental and craniofacial anomalies arise since neural crest cells participate in the formation of the teeth and some craniofacial bones. Therefore, dental and craniofacial anomalies might be expected in some cases of the disease. The therapeutic management of the lesions, and the follow-up of the patient would be done by a multidisciplinary team.
Oral Diseases 06/2001; 7(3):200-2. · 2.49 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess simple trabeculectomy in black Africans with open angle glaucoma.
We studied retrospectively 80 eyes of 62 patients with primary open angle glaucoma operated by Cairn's trabeculectomy without adjunction of antimetabolites. Thirty seven eyes had a limbal-based conjunctival flap and the others 43 had a fornix-based conjunctival flap. Failures and success were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier's method.
Patients were all seen at least 12 months after surgery. The mean follow up was 24 months. At mid-term survey we found complications to be frequent. Pathological blebs occurred in 22.5% (18 cases). The survival probability grew shorter with time. Only 44% of patients were reviewed at 36 months and 29% at 48 months. The success rate (IOP less than 21 mmHg of all glaucoma medications) varied according to the conjunctival flap. It was respectively at 12 months, 24 months and 36 months: 97%, 70 % and 54% with limbal-based flap, and 46%, 18% and 18% with fornix-base flap. The overall rate of tonometric failures was 33.75%. Failures were more often with fornix- based flap (85%). Generally they set in before one year of survey. This was so in 91% of absolute failures and in 87% of relative failures. The failures rate seems to increase with topical polytherapy given more than 12 months before operation.
Trabeculectomy with limbal-based conjunctival flap is at mid-term follow up successful in black Africans. However the following up difficulties in Africa makes it a too delicate assessment objective for long-term results of trabeculectomy.
Journal Français d Ophtalmologie 07/2000; 23(6):563-8. · 0.51 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The traumatisms of primary teeth have often sequels thereabouts grave on the germs of their successional permanent teeth. They have many causes but they are above all frequent during the child's walking trial. We have carried out a clinical and radiographic study of some cases. The study has ascertained the fact that the diversity of the sequels and their gravity depend on the age of the occurring of the traumatism, the intensity and the direction of the shock. The therapeutic and preventive management of these traumatisms and their possible sequels use a pluridisciplinary protocol based on the strict application of indicated treatments, the clinical and radiographic regular follow up and the adoption of a rigorous preventive attitude by the parents during the target period of walking trial.
Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal 04/2000; 23(89):5-9.
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ABSTRACT: We studied the preschool (2-5 years) group of child's oral health status in Ziguinchor, the southern regions of Senegal. Our objective was to make the inventory of fixtures dealing with dental caries, gingivitis and tartar among the children of this age group. It's a transversal study based on a clinical examination of a sample size of 168 children collected by stratified random sampling in 12 neursey schools in the region. We used carious (dmf/t), gingival and plaque indices to estimate, orodental status of the population constituting the sample. In the lump, 60.71% of the children have a natural history of dental caries with a mean dmf/t of 2.47 and gingivitis and or tartar are observed in 42.86% of the children. Even children less than 3 years are affected. None age may no longer be free from these diseases. That lead us to suggest to set up in this regional area a preventive program involving mainling the parents and the educators and based on the oral health education and the optimal use of dental products with fluoride since the drinking water in the region is poor in fluoride. The aim of this program would be to reduce the prevalence of the diseases in the proportions indicated by the world health organization and even eradicate these diseases among the prescolar children during the coming years as it's going on actually in the developed countries.
Bulletin de la Société médicale d'Afrique noire de langue française 02/2000; 45(2):180-4.
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ABSTRACT: Tea drinking after meals is a traditional practice in Senegal where more than 80% of the population from 15 to 60 years old drink tea. According to the tradition, in one session, each tea consumer has to drink 3 cups of decocted tea. The content of a cup is about 30 ml of liquid. Some people drink tea three times daily, that is to say after each meal. Tea plant is rich in fluoride. To determine the effective intake of the Senegalese population from this source, we measured the fluoride concentration not only for each component of the prepared tea but also for each cup of prepared tea. For this study, we used the two main kinds of tea existing locally. The analyses have been done at Rochester, NY Eastman Dental Center, Oral Biology Dept Fluoride Laboratory using the Taves Microdiffusion Method and the fluoride Ion Specific Electrode. The results so that the mean total fluoride concentration of each cup, from the first to the third one, is: 4.0 mg F-/L, 7.436 mg F-/L and 1.230 mg F-/L. It means that on an average in one session, a Senegalese tea consumer has a daily fluoride intake of 1.139 mg F-/L when taking in count the total fluoride and drinking only 90 ml of tea. If we consider the ionic fluoride the amount of daily ingested fluoride for someone who takes only 3 tea-pots of 30 ml each, is 0.830 mg. To conclude, we state that this traditional practice may have a caries preventive effect. Further studies will be grateful for that practice when setting up a caries preventive program in our country. We will also be careful in extending that practice to children less than 8 years old because it might cause dental fluorosis as in Senegal the optimal dose of fluoride is 0.8 mg F-/L.
Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal 10/1999; 22(87):25-8.
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ABSTRACT: The authors report a case of bilateral spontaneous dislocation of the lens in a five-year-old boy. This rare complication can be encountered in certain congenital abnormalities of the lens and zonule. The dislocation has been revealed by an acute glaucoma. The mains causes like Marfan's syndrome and homocystinuria were not found but due to their most severe prognosis. The patient must be followed carefully.
Journal Français d Ophtalmologie 02/1996; 19(4):279-82. · 0.51 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors report a bilateral exophthalmos due to a leukemic infiltration of the orbital lacrimal glands during an acute myeloblastic leukemia in a ten-year-old boy. This rare orbital localization revealed the leukemia. It was not a granulocytic sarcoma. Its importance leads to the extraction of the lacrimal glands in order to prevent the eyes from corneal perforation.
Journal Français d Ophtalmologie 02/1996; 19(4):283-6. · 0.51 Impact Factor
